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Davies Vascular Technology 5th Edition > Testing considerations, patient history, mechanisms od disease, and physical examination > Flashcards

Testing considerations, patient history, mechanisms od disease, and physical examination Flashcards

1
Q

What website contains resources to assist physicians in making a determination in a diagnostic study?

A

www.svu.net
Society for vascular ultrasound

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2
Q

What website includes common indications, contraindications, and limitations?

A

www.svu.net
Society for vascular ultrasound

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3
Q

What website has guidelines on appropriate indications related to reimbursement policies?

A

www.cms.gov
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services

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4
Q

What can cause peripheral constriction?

A

Patient being cold, anxious, tense, or in pain

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5
Q

All noninvasive studies are based on clinical standards and guidelines (protocols), which should include the following for each study:

A

Capabilities
Limitations
Patient positioning
Technique
Interpretation

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6
Q

What is the IAC?

A

Intersocietal Accreditation Commision

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7
Q

_________ states that all reading physicians in the facility must agree on and utilize uniform diagnostic criteria.

A

Intersocietal Accreditation Commision (IAC)

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8
Q

Some examples of required elements of a final report:

A

*Date of study
*Clinical Indication
*Description of study
*Description of positive and negative finding
*Description of disease in terms of location, extent, severity, and etiology
*Incidental findings
*Reason for technically limited or incomplete exam
*Summary/impressions/conclusions in view of the findings
*Comparison with a previous study
*Name of sonographer and interpreting physician
*Preliminary report

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9
Q

What is claudication?

A

Pain in muscles occurring during exercise but subsiding with rest.

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10
Q

True claudication results from inadequate blood supply to the exercising muscle which may be caused by:

A

Arterial spasm
Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Occlusion

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11
Q

Differential diagnosis of claudication include:

A

Neurogenic (nerve involvement)
Musculoskeletal

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12
Q

Various types of claudication incude:

A

Buttocks claudication
Thigh claudication
Calf claudication

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13
Q

Which claudication suggests aortoiliac disease?

A

Buttocks claudication

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14
Q

If symptoms in buttock claudication is unilateral, it suggests ____________ disease.

A

Iliofemoral

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15
Q

Which claudication suggests distal external iliac/common femoral disease?

A

Thigh

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16
Q

Which claudication suggests femoral/popliteal disease?

A

Calf claudication

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17
Q

What is it called when a patient complains of pain in a specific part of the leg after walking two city blocks?

A

Two-Block claudication

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18
Q

What is ischemic rest pain?

A

A more severe symptom of diminished blood flow to the most distal portion of the extremity.

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19
Q

With ischemic rest pain, pain at rest usually occurs when the limb is not in a dependent position and the patient’s blood pressure is ___________.

A

Decreased
(ex: when sleeping)

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20
Q

With ischemic rest pain, symptoms occur in

A

forefoot
heel
toes
not in the calf

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21
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Tissue loss/death

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22
Q

What causes necrosis?

A

deficient or absent blood supply

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23
Q

What is the most severe symptom of arterial insufficiency?

A

Necrosis

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24
Q

What are the 5 p’s (symptoms) of acute arterial occlusion?

A

Pain
Pallor
Pulseless
Paresthesia
Paralysis

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25
Q

What are the extra 2 p’s of acute arterial occlusion?

A

Polar (cold)
Purplish

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26
Q

Occlusion may result from:

A

Thrombus
Embolism
Trauma

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27
Q

Symptoms of cold sensitivity include:

A

Pallor (paleness)
Cyanosis (bluish discoloration)
Rubor (dark red coloration)
Paresthesia (tingling/numbness)
Pain

28
Q

__________ is a condition that exists when symptoms of intermittent ischemia of the fingers or toes occur in response to cold exposure well as emotional stress.

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

29
Q

What are the risk factors and contributing diseases?

A

Diabetes
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking
Advanced age
Family history
Male gender

30
Q

What is the most common form of risk factor?

A

Diabetes mellitus

31
Q

________ is more common among diabetics and occurs at a young age.

A

Atherosclerosis

32
Q

Diabetics have a higher incidence of occlusive disease of the ________ artery and _____ vessels.

A

Distal popliteal artery and tibial vessels

33
Q

Medical calcification develops in the ______ _______ arteries.

A

Lower extremity arteries

34
Q

With diabetes, there is a ______ incidence of gangrenous changes and, ultimately, amputations.

A

higher

35
Q

Poor sensation as a result of neuropathy leads to increased likelihood of _____ .

A

trauma

36
Q

T/F? It is unclear whether high blood pressure is a causative factor or enhances and complicates the development of the atherosclerotic process.

A

True

37
Q

______ ______ is associated with a greater incidence of coronary atherosclerosis and also increases an individual’s susceptibility to peripheral and cerebrovascular involvement.

A

Systemic hypertension

38
Q

Elevated plasma lipids are closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis because hyperlipidemias are _______________.

A

Insoluble in water

39
Q

Chemicals in cigarettes irritate the endothelia lining of the arteries in addition to causing ____________.

A

Vasoconstriction

40
Q

What is the most common arterial pathology ?

A

Atherosclerosis

41
Q

Atherosclerosis is applied to a number of pathologic conditions in which there is:

A

Thickening
Hardening
Loss of elasticity of walls

42
Q

Atherosclerosis most often occurs in the:

A

*Carotid bifurcation
*Origins of the brachiocephalic vessel
*Origins of the visceral vessels
*Infrarenal aortoiliac system
*Common femoral bifurcation
*Superficial femoral artery at the adductor canal
*Popliteal trifurcation

43
Q

What syndrome is caused by obstruction of the terminal aorta?

A

Leriche syndrome

44
Q

A _______ is an obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or blood clot.

A

Embolism

45
Q

What is the most frequent cause of embolism?

A

Plaque or thrombus breaking loose and traveling distally until it lodges in a small vessel.

46
Q

What syndrome may be caused by ulcerated and/or atherosclerotic lesions, embolization, and inflammatory process of arteritis, and some angiographic procedures.

A

Blue toe syndrome

47
Q

Pathology-related aneurysm types include:

A

True aneurysm
Dissecting aneurysm
Pseudoaneurysm

48
Q

What type of aneurysm is a dilation of all three layers of the arterial wall, differentiating it from a false aneurysm, which does not contain all three layers.

A

True aneurysm

49
Q

The most common location for arterial aneurysms is _________.

A

Infrarenal aorta

50
Q

True or False: Patients with one aneurysm has a higher chance of having a second aneurysm (Usually located in the CFA or POP).

A

True

51
Q

Some terms that relate to aneurysm shape include:

A

Focal aneurysm
Fusiform aneurysm
Saccular Aneurysm
Concentric Aneurysm

52
Q

A diffuse, circumferential dilation of an arterial segment is a _________ aneurysm.

A

Fusiform

53
Q

A localized outpouching of an artery, resulting from wall thinning and stretching is a _______ aneurysm.

A

Saccular

54
Q

The main complications of aneurysm include:

A
  1. Rupture of aortic aneurysms
  2. Distal embolization of peripheral aneurysms
55
Q

A ________ aneurysm occurs when a small tear of the intima allows blood to form a cavity between two wall layers.

A

Dissecting

56
Q

A dissecting aorta usually occurs at _______.

A

Thoracic aorta

57
Q

Two conditions must usually be met for a dissecting aneurysm to form:

A

Weakening of the media of the vessel and development of an intimal tear through which blood then leaks into the media.

58
Q

What is a pseudoaneurysm?

A

A pulsating hematoma

59
Q

True or False: With a pseudoaneurysm, there must be a communication from the main channel to the pulsatile structure in the tissue.

A

True

60
Q

What is arteritis?

A

Inflammation of arterial wall

61
Q

What are the types of arteritis?

A

Takayasu
Temporal arteritis
Polyarteritis disease
Buerger’s disease

62
Q

What is the most common type of arteritis?

A

Berger’s disease (Thromboangiitis obliterans)

63
Q

A congenital narrowing or stricture of the thoracic aorta that may affect the abdominal aorta as well is called ________.

A

Coarctation of the aorta

64
Q

Clinical findings of coarctation of the aorta are:

A

Hypertension
Decreased pulses
Decreased segmental doppler pressures

65
Q

True or False: Death can occur from the rupture of an aortic dissection.

A

True

66
Q
A

Davies Vascular Technology 5th Edition (3 decks)

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