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Adult Health > Test2 > Flashcards

Test2 Flashcards

1
Q

BMI

A

< 18.5 is underweight

  1. 5–24.9 normal weight
  2. 0–29.9 overweight

30.0–39.9 obesity
≥ 40.0 morbid obesity

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2
Q

Metabolic Syndrome

A

3 or more of the following:

  • visceral obesity (>40 men, >35 women)
  • insulin resistance >100 or treated
  • low HDL <40 men <50 women
  • high triglycerides >150
  • HTN >130/85 or treated
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3
Q

Gynoid Obesity

Android Obesity

A

Pear

Apple-more at risk for metabolic syndrome, heart disease, DM, gout, HTN, CA

Obese-risk for RHF (pulmonary HTN, sudden cardiac death, L.Ventricular hypertrophy, DVT, Afib, HTN, venous stasis, cardiomyopathy, streatohepatitis, gallstones, stress incontinence, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, cellulitis

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4
Q

Barium Swallow

A

NPO for 8 hours

Feces will be gray afterwards

disorders of esophogus, stomach, duodenum

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5
Q

Barium Enema

A

NPO 12 hr

drink laxative

clear liquids for 24 hours

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6
Q

Endoscopy

(Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD))

A

numb throat

can get all the way to beginning of small intestine

NPO 6-8 h prior

can see, take biopsies

POST: gag reflex

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7
Q

Colonoscopy

A

clear liq 24 h

NPO from midnight til procedure

bowel prep (Golytely)

Post: air and discomfort; walk to get air out

Left Sims

50 yo

Complication=perforation

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8
Q

LFT’s

A

Bilirubin

Ammonia level (encephalopathy)

AST/ALT

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9
Q

Endoscopic Capsule

A

NPO 6h prior and 2h post

Can show small intestine

Can’t direct angle of camera

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10
Q

Drugs for N/V

A

Zofran (ondansetron) (serotonin agonist)

Compazine (phenothiazine)-also anti-psychotic

Phenergan (antihistamine)

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11
Q

Esophogeal Stricture

A

Causes:

esophagitis

Baretts

tumor

scar tissue

GERD

Tx-dilation with balloon

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12
Q

Esophogeal Varices

A

Dilated veins in lower portion of esophagus (like hemorhoids)

Complication of Cirrhosis of liver

Any liver diagnosis increase risk of varices bc of increased pressure

Hemorrhage

Dx-Barium swallow, EGD

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13
Q

PUD

A

Gastric Ulcer-pain 1-2 h after meal, burning, gaseous, high in epigastrum

Duodenal Ulcer-pain 2-4 h post meal, midepigastric region beneath xiphoid process, back pain

Complications: hemorrhage, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction

Cause=erosion from HCl and pepsin

Tx-H2 blockers, PPIs, antibiotics (for H.pylori), antacids, anticholinergics

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14
Q

Constipation Meds

A

Bulk forming-Metamucil

Stool Softeners-Docusate

Osmotic Solutions-Milk of Mag, Golytely

Stimulants-Ducolax, Correctol, Ex-Lax

if these don’t work-enemas

order to dis-impact rectal resevoir manually

foods that constipate: cheese, bread

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15
Q

IBS

A

Diarrhea

Constipation

Abdominal Distention

Excessive Flatulence

Bloating

Continual Defication Urge

Sensation of Incomplete Evacuation

(NOT: anemia (GI Bleed), fever (infection), persistent diarrhea, rectal bleeding, severe constipation, wt loss)

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16
Q

IBD

(inflammatory bowel disease)

A

Auto-immune disease

Ulcerative Colitis

(colon/rectum so stool will be bloody)

Crohn’s Disease

(segments of GI tract-so stool may be dark or bloody)

GOAL: decrease inflammation

More common in whites, Jewish pop.

Meds: Sulfasalazine (anti-inflammatory), Antimicrobials (flagyl, cipro, biaxin), Prednisone (anti-inflm), immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, imuran), anti diarheals (Imodium, Lomotil)

17
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Complications:

perforation, bowel obstruction, bleeding

18
Q

Hepatits

A

hepatic cell necrosis (viral, med OD-tylenol, alcoholism)

cholestasis may occur (flow of bile from liver)

liver cells can regenerate

icteric/anicteric (yellow)

hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

stool-grayish-lots of enzymes are released from the liver

pruritis can accompany jaundice-accumulation of bile salts beneath the skin

complications: liver failure, cirrhosis, CA

AST/ALT/Bilirubin

19
Q

Hep A, B, C

A

A-fecal-oral, found in feces 2 wks prior, 1 wk post, can give blood again; vaccine

B-sexually transmitted-blood/body fluids, can live on dry surface for 7 days; interferon-3 months; vaccine

C-percutaneously-IV drug, blood transfusions, hemodialysis, occupational, perinatal (blood to blood); interferon with ribavirin

20
Q

Cirrhosis

A

liver is fibrous, thick, firm

alcoholic, post-necrotic (from hepatitis)

need high calorie low fat diet

peripheral edema, ascites, hepatic encephalapthy

80% of Liver CA comes from cirrohosis

21
Q

ERCP

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

complication is pancreatitis

procedure is used to retrieve gallstones

a stone/obstruction of the common bile duct is one of the 2 most common causes of pancreatitis (the other being alcohol consumption)

22
Q

Vomiting-Alkalosis

A

loss of HCl from the stomach-alkalosis

Symptom of alkalosis=tingling fingertips and lightheadedness

23
Q

Diarrhea

A

hypokalemia

dehydration-hypernatremia

metabolic acidosis with severe diarrhea

24
Q

Pancreatitis

A

colelithiasis

alcohol intake

causes: hypercalcemia, ETOH, gallstones, viral

S/S = elevation of serum amylase and lipase, pain, flushing, N/V, edema, low grade fever, tachy, abd tenderness, abd distention

Can see with ERCP

Tx=NG tube on suction, pain meds (percocet, dilauded), NPO

25
Q

Pre-Albumin (for acute change)

Albumin (2 wks)

A

20

3.5-5

26
Q

GERD

A

-H2 Blockers: cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine (Axid), ranitidine (Zantac)

**-PPI’s: **esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec)

27
Q

Meds for Diarrhea

A
  • Demulcents - form a soothing film over mucous membrane (Pepto, Pectin)
  • Anticholinergics (Immodium, Lomotil)
28
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy

A
  • increased ammonia
  • crosses BBB
  • give lactulose to pull ammonia out

Adult Health (9 decks)

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