Test Week 2 Flashcards

Question

Camilla Macaulay

Answer 1

- She knows Richard is in love with her and leads him on - Richard is infatuated with het beauty (so once again he is obsessed with the picturesque and the outside) - She manages to cope with Bunny’s death quite well - Declines Richard’s proposal, because she is in love with Henry

Answer 2

- Closeted homosexual marries a girl at the end and ends up deeply unhappy to satisfy his grandfather and to not be removed from the will -> tried to commit suicide. He slept with Charles who uses him and only sleeps with him when he is really drunk. He kissed Richard once - Suffers from anxiety after Bunny’s death (man vs self) -> gets addicted to drugs and starts chain smoking - Wealthy (old money) - hypochondria - attended many boarding schools in Europe

Answer 3

- Seems to be the only one to see the students for who they are - Richard’s only actual friend - Likes to gossip and takes a lot of drugs

Answer 4

1. The Lyceum: represent the secretive nature of their Greek studies. The Lyceum is isolated from the rest of the campus and is hidden away from the rest of the world. It is a mysterious, secretive and desolated place. When people visit Julian only opens the door slightly meaning that people are only allowed to see a glimpse of that secretive world. Represents the isolation from the rest of the world. In here the lines between reality and illusion are blurry. The students have no other teachers and classes than Julian’s so he can easily indoctrinated them and isolate them from the rest of the world. Julian creates a way of thinking and living that is far beyond normal mortality and morality. It is a place where you are free of your own consciousness. The twins, Francis and Henry try to recreate this feeling outside of the classroom during the Bacchanal -> innocent farmer is killed Due to the isolation and indoctrination they start to believe that those Greek and Ancient mythologies are true (man vs supernatural). They become ignorant and tend to forget about reality and morality. Julian is the only source of information for the students and is therefore very powerful. The book was written in the nineties so phones didn’t exist yet which means Julian was their only influence at that time. There were no outside influences at the time.

Answer 5

After Bunny’s being killed, it starts snowing. It symbolises that darkness and evil are concealed/ shielded by their innocent appearances. It shows how appearances can be deceiving and how outer beauty cannot always be trusted

Answer 6

Symbolises Richard’s inability to move from the past. His life now revolves around the murder. The museum exhibit represents something he cannot escape from.

Answer 7

1. Social class 2. Beauty and aestheticism 3. Friendship 4. Secrets and deception 5. Nature vs nurture; was Richard a bad person or was he sucked into it by bad influence? Were the students real murders or just indoctrinated and obsessed with beauty that they would go above and beyond? 6. Guilt and consequences 7. Alienation and isolation

Answer 8

1. The corruption of beauty 2. Beauty and terror (Julian’s lecture 3. Intellectual persuits 4. The dangers of isolation 5. The superficiality of beauty and appearances 6. The consequences of secrets 7. Reality vs illusion 8. Manipulation vs paranoia 9. Guilt 10. Envy

Answer 9

Introduction: Richard introduces himself Inciting incident: Richard applies to Hampden after he found a brochure Rising action: Richard joins Julian’s class and starts hanging out with the students. He is intrigued by their intellectualism, elitism and mysteriousness Climax: the murder of Bunny Corcoran or the murder of the farmer Falling action: the aftermath of Bunny’s death Resolution: the consequences of the murder catch up to the students. They all move on with their lives. Richard graduates eventually, Francis is married and nearly killed himself, Henry is death, Charles lives in Texas.

Answer 10

No, because Richard constantly interrupts himself in his flashbacks with other longer flashbacks (= non-linear narrative structure)

Answer 11

The title one flew over the cuckoo's nest comes from a children's rhyme in which they sing that one flew west, one flew east and one flew over the cuckoo's nest. To fly over the cuckoo's nest means that you have gone insane. In American slang cuckoo means crazy. In the story most of the patients eventually escape the hospital, so they go their own separate ways suggesting they are the ones that flew west and east. McMurphy ends up being insane, so he is the one that flew over the cuckoo's nest. McMurphy invaded the cuckoo's nest and has become deranged as a result of that. In the novel the hospital represents the cuckoo's nest.

Answer 12

Protagonist: Randle McMurphy Antagonist: Nurse Ratched Narrator: Chief Bromden

Answer 13

Type of narration: first person point of view, told by Chief Bromden. On the one hand Chief Bromden is quite a reliable narrator, because he knows all about the hospitals secrets which are being shared during the staff meetings during which he is the only patient that is allowed to be present in the room, so he knows things that other patients don't know about. By his pretending to be deaf and stupid people usually don't lower their voices when he is near allowing him to eavesdrop and know a lot about the patients and the staff. Which makes him out of all the character in the novel the best narrator, since he knows the most and is quite an observant type. On the other hand suffers Bromden from hallucinations and he has been in the hospital for years, being isolated from society and having received some shock therapy and other brainwashing therapy, which makes him an unreliable narrator. In conclusion, I believe that Chief Bromden is an unreliable narrator due to his hallucinations and can therefore not be fully trusted. Bromden's thoughts might be slightly influenced by the hospitals ideologies and he has conspiratorial theories about a thing called the Combine.

Answer 14

1. Allegorical novel 2. Counterculture novel

Answer 15

The dehumanizing effects of institutionalization and the struggle for individuality

Answer 16

1. Acutes 2. Chronics: - Walking chronics (Chief Bromden) - Wheelers: being wheeled around the hospital - Vegetables: basically brain dead The Chronics and the Acutes are separated in the day room. The Acutes don't want to get near the Chronics, because it reminds them of what they might turn into in the (near) future.

Answer 17

- Half native American - Pretends to be deaf and dumb; from an early age people weren't paying attention to him and thus he decided to just not speak to them anymore and people automatically assumed that he was deaf and dumb - Suffers from hallucinations - Is a tall man, but feels really small due to him being constantly belittled. His father's alcoholism, the way his mother treated him and his father and the way he is being treated in the hospital make him feel weak, small and powerless - Driven by his fear for the combine He has visions in which the machinery of the combine are working beneath the ground at night doing terrible destructive things to human bodies. He also hallucinates about fog.

Answer 18

- Likes to gamble and rebel - Is in the hospital for psychotic although he says he is in the hospital because he wanted to escape the work farm. He pretended to hear strange sounds, so that he could be admitted. -Sexually free man, which is something Nurse Ratched is fiercely against - He realizes that Bromden isn't stupid and deaf

Answer 19

McMurphy learns that he is one of the only patients that was actually sentenced in the hospital. Everybody else was there on a voluntary basis. So they can all leave when ever they want to, McMurphy is the only one that is stuck in the hospital and can only be released when nurse Ratched says so. As long as he keeps on rebelling her regime, he won't ever have any changes of being released. So after this moment he lays down for a while, he has sort of giving up on his rebellion. He also realizes that he always took the blame for the other, while they had nothing to lose and he could and would lose everything. At the end of the novel McMurphy has gone back to his oppressive, rebelling self and even after receiving multiple shock therapies he won't give up by pretending to be tough. However Bromden can see right through it and sees defeat in his eyes.

Answer 20

- Conceals her feminine features - Tyrannical nurse who holds all the power in the hospital. She as a woman controls a hospital full of man by denying their manhood and sexuality. Which is why she covers up her own womanhood and feminine features. She suppresses their individuality - Likes tidiness, precision, efficiency and order Doesn't like: nuisance, chaos and lawlessness. She embodies a figure of authority - Has a squad of carefully selected Black nurses (Washington, Warren and Geever) which she selected on their capability to hate and on how easy they are to control, because without people who stand by her or obey her she has no power, so she needs nurses who she can rely on and who are not afraid of harming the patients. Docter Spivey is selected because he is weak and vulnerable. The black nurses keep order by threatening the patients. - Very subtle in her ways of controlling the patients, the patients believe that it is out of their best interests.

Answer 21

1. The fog machine: it clouds our vision of the world. The fog symbolizes a lack of insight and an escape from reality. Bromden believes that the fog is created by the staff, yet he considers it as his safe space in which he can hide and ignore reality. Bromden's hallucinations about the fog machine call attention to the fact that the power of the patients is usually covert. 2. Electric shock therapy: It serves as an example of what happens to those who rebel against the ruling powers. It symbolizes the dehumanizing and destructive effects of psychiatric treatments. 3. The combine: Represents the oppressive, dehumanizing force of society that seeks control. It symbolizes the institutional power that suppresses individuality and enforces conformity. 4. Chief Bromden's silence: His silence represents the silenced and marginalized voices in society, particularly from the Native American population. As he regains his voice, it reflects a reclaiming of identity and a resistance against oppression

Answer 22

1. Invisibility: Bromden tries to be invisible by pretending to be deaf 2. The Power of laughter: for McMurphy real laughter is a powerful defense against society. By the end of the fishing trip the patients can all laugh again which represents the turn of their psychological and physical state. 3. Real vs imagined size: Nurse Ratched can get as "big as a tractor" whenever she is angry, because she is powerful and unstoppable. Bromden feels despite his length much weaker. His mother was also twice the size his father was, because she belittled him so often. Bromden used to be big, but the hospital made him little. Eventually Bromden regains his original size with the help of McMurphy and thereby his self-esteem, sexuality and individuality.

Answer 23

McMurphy claims that he didn't see the window when he smashed it. This implies that although the patients cannot always see Ratched's or society's manipulation, it doesn't mean it is not influencing them. They are still operating on them even though they are invisible.

Answer 24

1. Society's destruction of natural impulses: The hospital represents society at large and McMurphy represents individuality and free expression. At the end he ends up getting destroyed by society's machines of oppression, because he has been too provocative. 2. Women as castrators/ the fear of women: Harding says: we are the victims of a matriarchy here. Most of the male patients have been damaged by overwhelming relationships with overpowering women. Harding's wife is unfaithful to him and insults him, even at the age of 30 Billy is still controlled by his mother. He even commits suicide after his mother found out he has had sex with a woman. Bromden and his father were manipulated by his mother. His father became an alcoholic due to her emotional abuse. His father even took her last name. She constantly put them down, to built herself up. And then there is nurse Ratched. The hospital is run by women. 3. False diagnoses of insanity 4. The struggle of an individual against a system 5. Social pressure and shame: The men are holding themselves back from living freely, because they are terrified of what society will think of them. They would rather hide from society than be different and feel ashamed.

Answer 25

She holds the power by simply insinuating. She has patients spy on each other and then rewards them for doing so, so the patients are doing all her dirty work and all she has to do is drop hints of it during the meetings to completely embarrass her patients and to make them feel powerless. She also threatens her patients by comparing them to chronics and showing them that if they don't behave they will end up like them. She manipulates, imposes strict rules and dominates the patients to keep her grip. -> fear culture. She changes medicine dosages to keep her patients under control, has them spying on each other and rewards them for doing so and as strict routines she imposes on the patients.

Answer 26

Yes, since they all left the hospital. Harding has said the following about nurse Ratched: "Like Hitler, nurse Ratched is a psychopath who has discovered how to use her insanity to her advantage" And Bromden said "you're making sense, old man, a sense of your own. You're not crazy the way they think".

Answer 27

OFOTCN is set is oregon in American in the 1950s. Every now and then the story gets interrupted by Bromden's flashbacks. These happen in some Indian village where live was still simple and free. These flashbacks underline the contrast between how life used to be and how mechanical and tyrannizing the world is now.

Answer 28

Introduction/exposition: McMurphy arrives in the hospital. The minute after he has arrived he announced that he was going to be the new top dog, this is when the rebelling begins. McMurphy starts a bet that he can break Ratched's system in a week. The monotony of the ward is disrupted. Inciting incident: McMurphy starts challenging Nurse Ratched and encouraging the patients to participate and to gamble and laugh Rising action: The World Series rebellion and the fishing trip to which he invited prostitutes. Climax: McMurphy smashes the window and Chief and McMurphy receive shock therapy after they attacked the black nurses in the shower after standing up for George because he doesn't want to use soap and to be touched by the nurses. Falling action: Nurse Ratched has lost her grip over the patients after her stay in the hospital after the attack. some Japanese nurse took over which enabled the patients to loosen up and loosen her regime. Nurse Ratched new uniform couldn't conceal her breasts/womanhood anymore. Falling action: Everyone has left the hospital and Bromden kills McMurphy to give him a dignified ending, so he won't end up as a vegetable. Bromden manages the panel and escapes the hospital.

Answer 29

Critical and allegorical

Answer 30

She represents tyrannical figures that hold power withing authoritarian societies. She represents political leaders who have physical and mental control over its people by disenfranchising and brainwashing them. Nurse Ratched also represents the fear that the advancement of women's rights (feminism was on the rise when the book was written) leads to the loss of a man's rights.

Answer 31

Women are portrayed as dehumanizing, castrating and tyrannical in OFOTCN. Nurse Ratched gains power by taking the men's masculinity away. Nurse Ratched tries to conceal her signs of femininity, because any sign of femininity shows weakness and she thought it was necessary to keep the male patients under control. Nurse Ratched emotionally castrates the men by denying their masculinity. Nurse Ratched embodies negative stereotypes about powerful women.

Answer 32

Kesey has worked on a psychiatric ward as an orderly. This influenced his perspective on the treatments they used to give to patients. Kesey has his concerns about lobotomies and shock therapy. He believes that most of the patients in such hospitals are not insane, they were just abandoned by society, because they didn't fit into the strict norms of society.

Answer 33

Protagonist: Jay Gatsby Antagonist: Daisy Narrator: Nick Carraway

Answer 34

First person point of view (Nick Carraway's point of view)

Answer 35

Modernism, literary realism

Answer 36

- Yale graduate student from the west who moved east after WW2 to pursue his dreams - Daisy's cousin and Gatsby's neighbor -> so he gets to observe the affair from both sides, which allows us to get the full picture of the story - Both mesmerized and disgusted by Gatsby, he ends up being sort of a friend and loyal to him. - He lives in West Egg - Describes himself as tolerant, open-minded, quiet and a good listener -> makes him the perfect narrator. But he also says he is morally privileged, having a better sense of decencies. - Internal conflict (man vs self); he is attracted to the vivacious, fun-driven lifestyle of New York, but hates it at the same time, because he finds it grotesque and damaging.

Answer 37

Tragedy, realism (real locations are being described in the novel like the Plaza Hotel in NY and Central Park and throughout the novel references are made to WW1 and the Prohibition era), modernism (a genre that concerns itself with the consequences of the rapid industrialization after the Victorian Age)

Answer 38

- Invented his own persona by pretending to be someone he is not to win over Daisy; born to a poor western farmer's family, his actual name is Jay Gatz. - Achieved the American Dream by rising up in social status, from the lower classes to the upper class of society. - His lust for wealth stems for his desire for Daisy. - Quick, charismatic, ambitious. - Know for his extravagant parties on Saturday nights.

Answer 39

Gatsby says he comes from a wealthy family and inherited all the money from his parents after they died. He said he has gone to Oxford (which is true in a sense, he didn't go there to study, but he did go there after the war) and comes from a family full of Oxford graduates. In reality he went to some minor state college for approximately 2 weeks until he realized he was destined for more greatness than what this college could ever offer him. One day he boarded Dan Cody's yacht in Little Girls Bay, on which he stayed for 5 years until Cody passed away. To this day Gatsby still has his portrait in his house. Cody was an alcoholic which is the reason why Gatsby doesn't drink. Cody becomes Gatsby's mentor and employer. In reality he was born in North-Dakota on a farm. His parents had very little money and are still alive. His father even manages to come to his funeral.

Answer 40

One day he boarded Dan Cody's yacht in Little Girls Bay, on which he stayed for 5 years until Cody passed away. To this day Gatsby still has his portrait in his house. Cody was an alcoholic which is the reason why Gatsby doesn't drink. Cody becomes Gatsby's mentor and employer. He changed Gatsby's perception of money and helped him work up his way to his fortune. Cody provided Gatsby a glimpse of what his life could be and he was his first exposure to a wealthy lifestyle.

Answer 41

Nick compares Gatsby to Jesus Christ. Suggesting that Gatsby sprang from his platonic conception of himself. He compares Gatsby to Jesus who brought himself to ruins. Gatsby's mask and longing for wealth got him killed at the end of the novel.

Answer 42

He was a bootlegger and participated in some other illegal activities such as doing business with gangsters.

Answer 43

Gatsby fell in love with Daisy while he was stationed in Louisiana during his time in the military. Not long after they met did Gatsby go off to France. Daisy had several relationships with other men during his absence. At some point she met Tom and married him even though he had had her doubts about marrying him after she received a letter from Gatsby. Tom was wealthy and could over her the stability and luxury that Gatsby could not offer her. Daisy did love Tom at some point, he was quite decent. I think Gatsby and Daisy did like each other before he went off to war, but their connection simply faded away. Gatsby doesn't want to acknowledge this and enters a life of crime and deceit to become wealthy enough to be liked by Daisy. I think he fancies the idea of her. Gatsby refuses to see the woman she has become and still sees her as the girl he met in Louisiana and ignores the fact that she has changed. She got married and has no intention of actually leaving her husband and has become a mother.

Answer 44

Tom and Daisy both have (multiple) affairs throughout the novel instead of talking to each other, they go and see other people. They are bored with their marriage, their marriage is careless and restless, yet they are united. This represents the dominance of the old money class. Despite all their issues, they stay together because their marriage guarantees membership in the exclusive world of the old money rich. Daisy cares more about her luxurious lifestyle, her old money life and about Gatsby. So social class is much more important than love in the novel.

Answer 45

- Arrogant, dishonest and a racist. Usually presented as a brute, unkind and swaggering man

Answer 46

- Is despite her luxurious lifestyle depressed with her current live. - Is content to remain with Tom since they are part of some 'secret society' of the ultra-rich. - Is aware that society doesn't value intelligent women. The older generation values subservience and docility, whereas the younger generation values thoughtlessness, giddiness and pleasure-seeking

Answer 47

- Bends the truth in order to keep the world at a distance and protect herself from its cruelty - Liar -> becoming a famous golfer - From the Midwest as well and also born into a wealthy family. - Is a so-called flapper (New Women of the Roaring Twenties). she doesn't life a conventional lifestyle which consists of getting married, bearing children and being a house wife. She goes to parties and plays sports = definition of a New Woman

Answer 48

- Overestimated George's wealth and is now living above his garage, which makes her unhappy and desperate to leave George, but she can't get a divorce since its the nineteen twenties and divorce was not common yet. If she were to get divorced, she would have nowhere to go and would be condemned to poverty. - She has the power in her marriage, George is subservient to her.

Answer 49

Tom and Daisy are presented as a unity and have their social class to rely on. Myrtle and George who belong to the working class have no such safety net and can't retreat into their money. George wants to move back west, but since they have no money they can't seem to find the opportunity to do so. The inability of Myrtle and George's marriage seems to be related to their financial inability -> criticizes the old-money class and their wealth.

Answer 50

- One of the only characters who belongs to the working class - Owns an unsuccessful car business in the Valley of Ashes - Looked very promising as a young man, which is why Myrtle married him. Now she is defeated by poverty and can't offer her the stability she craved when she met him. - He symbolizes the powerlessness of the working class in American society

Answer 51

An oculist's advertisement to promote his business staring down on the Valley of Ashes even long after his business was abandoned. To Nick they mean the haunting waste of the past, which always remain there, even when it is long gone To George they represent the eyes of God, which are constantly watching you. God is judging American society as a moral wasteland. It also represents the death of the American Dream

Answer 52

Represents the moral and societal decay that result from the inhibited pursuit of wealth. The rich only care about money and their own pleasure and neglect the rest. They simply don't care. The Valley of Ashes is located between West Egg and NY. NY represents the mystery and beauty in the world, West Egg represents the people who have gotten rich as a result of the Roaring Twenties and the Valley represents the ruin of the people caught in between.

Answer 53

Symbolizes Gatsby's hopes and dreams. It represents everything that haunts Gatsby; the physical and emotional distance between him and Daisy, the gap between the past and the present and the promises of the future.

Answer 54

- The green light - Money - George's green face - Michaelis describes Gatsby's unmistakably yellow car as green - Gatsby's lawn is always green - Daisy is her name is a flower and flowers are also associated with green - Green represents the American Dream and nature/ youth

Answer 55

West Egg and East Egg, but also East coast and the Midwest. Nick describes the story as a story of the west. All of the westerns moved back west by the end of the novel, since they are unable to fully adapt to the east. In the Roaring Twenties you had to move east in order to make a fortune, the east coast was were the opportunities lay. West is the past en east is the future. Tom, Daisy, Gatsby, Jordan and him being unable to adapt to the east suggests that they were unable to adapt to the future. West Egg represents the newly rich and East Egg represents aristocracy and old money. East Egg is more conservative and doesn't approve of the newly rich. They have a lot of social connections which the newly rich lack.

Answer 56

Represents the grandness and the emptiness of the Roaring Twenties, since he had this massive house in which he lived on his own.

Answer 57

1. Geography: The east is associated with a fast-paced lifestyle, decadent parties, crumbling moral values, while the Midwest is associated with more traditional values. 2. Weather: Gatsby and Daisy's reunion happens during pouring rain. Later as their love begins to reawakens, the sun comes out. Gatsby's confrontation with Tom happened on the hottest day of the year and when Gatsby was found dead in his pool the air was chilly.

Answer 58

1. Daisy drove Myrtle over, not knowing that she had an affair with her Husband (dramatic irony) 2. Nick asking Gatsby if he knows the owner of the house on his first party at Gatsby's 3. The title: Gatsby's life was far from great, his life was marked by tragedy unable to reconnect with the love of his life. His phoniness lead to his eventual death. His life is far from perfect, even though it might seem flawless from the outside. 4. Gatsby's wealth is meant to win Daisy over, but at the end he died and has never reconnected with Daisy. No matter how much money he has got, he can't buy Daisy's love.

Answer 59

Henry pays for Bunny's funeral

Answer 60

1. Social class: Class influences all aspects of life, especially when it comes to marriages (Myrtle marrying George and Daisy marrying Tom and not Gatsby) 2. The American Dream and the decline of it: In the Great Gatsby the American Dream stand for independence and the ability to make something of one's self through hard work, but it ends up being more about materialism and selfish pursuit of pleasure. The American dream is a symbol of hope for success and a better life, which is blurred into a symbol of getting rich. Gatsby is living the American Dream, he lives in a fancy house and drives a fancy car and built his own persona up from scratch. 3. The Roaring Twenties: The novel focuses on the hypocrisy, shallow recklessness and fatal consequences of the Roaring Twenties (satire) 4. The hollowness of the upper class: The old money rich, like Tom, are portrayed as careless bullies who use their money to ease their minds and never worry about others. Gatsby on the other hand is loyal and caring (him waiting outside all night on Daisy's lawn to make sure Tom won't hurt her) 5. Love and marriage: The novel centers on two loveless marriages, both more of a convenience than actual love 6. Past and future: Gatsby shows that money can recreate the past. Gatsby has dedicated his entire life to recreating the past with Daisy. Nick is scared of turning thirty.

Answer 61

Gatsby's downfall is a way to criticize the recklessness, hypocrisy of the Roaring Twenties in America.

Answer 62

"so we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past". The line suggests that past experiences will always pull us back, highlighting the inevitability of the past. You can't escape, erase or reclaim the past. Gatsby tries to get rid of the past, but fails.

Answer 63

Protagonist: Winston Smith Antagonist: O'Brien/ Big Brother/ The Party/ The Thought Police

Answer 64

Third person limited omniscient

Answer 65

- 39 year old Outer Party member who works in the Record department of the Ministry of Truth who is longing to rebel against the system. He is skeptical about the Party. - Winston has to rewrite the past, so that it is in line with the Party's doctrine at that moment. - Intellectual, lonely and observant. - Is being portrayed as an average guy, so people could relate to him. With Orwell's ultimate goal to raise awareness in Britain for the dangers of totalitarian regimes (cautionary tale) and that it could happen to any one and is not just something that happens far away. - He keeps a secret diary and loves to stroll around the Proles's neighborhoods. - Pessimistic and believes he is doomed and will end up down in the cellars of the Ministry of love (which he will). This makes him do reckless things, which might have caused his downfall. - At first Winston kept on fighting against the Party, but later he gave up and betrayed Julia. He died while loving Big Brother, ending completely brainwashed and having lost his mind.

Answer 66

- Opportunistic, practical, vital and uninterested in politics. Doesn't rebel with the purpose to overthrow the Party, but for her own pleasure. She likes breaking the rules - Believes that the Party is conquerable through organized resistance and that secret disobedience is the only way it is going to happen. She disguises her resistance by actively participating in the Junior Anti-Sex League - Sleeps with Party members to suit her sexual needs.

Answer 67

- Symbolizes dehumanization - His charismatic manners fool Winston into believing he is against the Party too - Even after O'Brien declares himself a member of the Party, Winston still admires him and sees him as his savior

Answer 68

- Free from BB's control - Completely clueless, are more interested in getting by every month and just surviving than politics and overthrowing the Party - They are ignorant and are just poor worker, yet Winston envies them because they seem to be happy - The vast majority of the People in Oceania

Answer 69

The face of the Party, acts as a reassurance. Simultaneously is he also a threat to many people, since he is constantly looking down on you. Oceania is theoretically ruled by BB, even though there is no evidence that he truly exists. BB represents the totalitarian regime in Oceania. The Party is against theism and worship. Only BB should be worshiped.

Answer 70

Based on what O'Brien said to Winston down in cellars of the Ministry of love we could assume that Big Brother doesn't exist and was just created to have more control over the people. When Winston asks O'Brien if Big Brother exist the same way as he does, O'Brien responds with you don't exist. Dodging the question. We also don't know if Goldstein and the Brotherhood exist. They might as well just be a creation of the Party. He is probably just a propaganda tool to spread hate and fear. Goldstein is used as a scapegoat, so every time something goes wrong the Party can blame him and thus don't have to point at themselves when something is wrong. Goldstein serves as a cautionary tale.

Answer 71

Represents Winston's attempts to reconcile with the past and to discover what happened to society. Everything the Party said about the past, clashes with Winston's memories. The Party says that they saved the world from capitalism and that life is so much better now. When the Thought Police arrest Winston and Julia, the glass paperweight falls into the ground and is shattered. By destroying the paperweight Winston's desires to reconnect with the past are destroyed. The tiny fragment of coral represents the fragility of human relationships, especially Julia's and Winston's which is also destroyed by O'Brien. The picture of St. Clement's church is also a representation of the lost past.

Answer 72

Represents constant monitoring of the people in Oceania and symbolizes how the Party abuses technology for its own ends. it stands for constant government surveillance and the manipulation of technology.

Answer 73

Winston trusted O'Brien and thought he was longing to rebel against the Party as well. He once had a dream where O'Brien told him to meet him in the place where there is no darkness (foreshadowing) Instead of some paradise the place of no darkness are the prisons of the Ministry of love. It symbolizes Winston's doomed faith.

Answer 74

A symbol of opposition to the Party

Answer 75

Symbolizes fertility, freedom and reproductive capacity. She is compared to a mare and a fruit. Winston is convinced the proles are immortal and will someday awaken "if there is hope, it lays in the proles"

Answer 76

- The Thought Police - Language and textual evidence - Doublethink - Urban decay

Answer 77

- Totalitarian and the dangers of it: 1984 serves as a cautionary tale. Based on his experiences with communism during the Spanish Civil war and the Cold War/ The USSR/ Stalinism and the Third Reich. Orwell was concerned with the rise of communism and the way technology was developing and how it could enable governments to control and monitor their citizens. - The individual vs. collective identity: Totalitarian regimes seek power by denying individuals their individuality. When Winston enters room 101 he realizes that to die hating BB means freedom. - Reality/ language and psychological control: The Party controls their inhabitants through surveillance, terror and propaganda. You are constantly observed through a telescreen. The Party destroys historical evidence and has people spy on each other. Having kids spy on their parents and turn them into the Thought Police if they suspect them of Thought Crime. New Speak makes it impossible to think oppressive thoughts, because there are no words to do so. The ultimate goal of Newspeak being that no one will ever be capable of questioning or thinking anything bad about the Party. The telescreens do not only monitor the citizens but also feed propaganda. The Party forces people to repress their sexual desires, treating sex as a thing which has to be done in order to make children. - Class struggle: Outer Party (luxurious lifestyles, have their own servants, have access to products of a good quality) , Inner Party (live in small flats, in which the electricity is seldom working, barely have any food and are constantly controlled by the Party. The food is synthetic and rationed out) and the Proles (live in poorly maintained slums) - Technology: The Party can only keep its power through technology - Resistance: Winston builds up his acts of resistance, starting with writing in his dairy and ending up sneaking around and sleeping with Julia and joining the Brotherhood.

Answer 78

- Dystopian future - Oceania: UK, the America's, Oceania and Southern Africa which is divided into Airstrip. War is constant and free spirit no longer exists. - Set in London (Airstrip 1) - 1984 (or so Winston believes) - Two other World powers: Eastasia (China, Japan, countries south to China, Mongolia and Tibet) and Eurasia (Europe and Northern Asia) The environment is being described as cold, dusty, a vile wind, the outside world looked cold. Even though the sun was shining and the sky was blue, there seemed to be no color in anything. Winston describes his flat as a bit of a poor looking flat in which the electricity is seldom working. The environment is described as a dark, mysterious, frightening, unpleasant and cold place

Answer 79

1. The Ministries 2. The place where there is no darkness 3. Newspeak: The Party's attempt to control thought and eliminate oppression

Answer 80

- Pessimistic and gloomy - Warning/cautionary tale

Answer 81

1. Winston and Julia's betrayal of each other: Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me. 2. The rat in the room above the antique shop -> the rats in the ministry of love

Test Week 2 Flashcards

Analyses of The Secret History, One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest, The Great Gatsby and 1984 + literary terms