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Test Twoooooo Flashcards

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1
Q

What led up to having 3 popes?

A
  • 1302; Pope Boniface VIII struggling against Philip IV for power
  • He issued Papal Bull saying that the pope has power to issue salvation
  • French King Philip IV moves the pope to Avignon (Sth. France) till 1377.
  • Now there’s a pope in Rome AND France AND another (somewhere..) each claiming to be Peter’s successor.
  • Result: Their power declined
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2
Q

Prior to three popes, what were the people dissatisfied with?

A

1) Too much emphasis on ritual
2) Increasing secularization
3) Wealth, corruption, abuse

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3
Q

What was the result of having 3 popes?

A

Their power declined

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4
Q

What happened to the states during the 3 pope saga?

A
  • France, England, Spain were gaining power

- They limited Rome’s power

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5
Q

What was the name of the plague?

A

Black Death (1348-1351)

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6
Q

How many people did the plague kill?

A

1/3 of population

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7
Q

What did people do in response to the plague? (to try and make it go away)

A

penitential flagellation

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8
Q

Who did they blame for the plague?

A

Jews

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9
Q

Who was Wycliffe?

A
  • major critic of institutional church

- civil employee of British Gov.

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10
Q

What was happening at the time of Wycliffe?

A

-Revival of Learning

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11
Q

What did Wycliffe believe?

A
  • church was spiritual power, not about money and power.
  • Scripture was ultimate authority
  • Papacy was human invented (by Constantine)
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12
Q

What did Wycliffe do/accomplish?

A
  • Preached in English!! (primary element in worship [not Eucharist anymore])
  • Advocated abolition of papal system
  • Influences Czech’s
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13
Q

What happened to cause a crisis in the church before the reformation actually got off the ground?

A
  • Personal and Spiritual crisis
    • Rejection of formal ritual and doctrine
    • Emphasis on personal salvation
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14
Q

What did John Huss do/say?

A
  • Emphasized authority of Scripture
  • Rejected canon law
  • Affirmed authority of ancient fathers
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15
Q

What happened to John Huss?

A
  • Invited to Council of Constantine (to resolve issue of multiple popes)
  • Promised safety…
  • Burned at the stake for being a “dangerous heretic”
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16
Q

When did the indulgences start?

A

12th - 13th Century with the crusades

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17
Q

When was the height of the indulgences?

A

16th Century

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18
Q

What is an indulgence?

A

-“Payment to church that purchased an exemption from punishment (Penance)”

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19
Q

What sin does an indulgence not cover?

A

Murder

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20
Q

Why did people “buy into” indulgences?

A
  • People were scared that they accidentally sinned or forgot to repent
    • Didn’t want extra time in purgatory or go to hell
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21
Q

How did Indulgences start with crusades?

A

-Crusaders were promised salvation for fighting in war

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22
Q

Arguments the church gave for indulgences

A
  • Argument 1: good works earn salvation
    • Paying money for good works is just as good as good works
  • Argument 2: Church had inherited unlimited good works from Jesus that could be sold
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23
Q

Modern illustration of indulgences

A

confession insurance

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24
Q

Who was the worst seller of indulgences and why?

A

John Tetzel

  • added selling indulgences for people already dead.
  • scared/shamed/guilted people into buying them
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25
Q

Where was Luther declared a Heretic?

A

at Diet of Worms, Germany

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26
Q

What did Luther stand for?

A

-Justification by faith alone (not works)

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27
Q

Who was Arminius?

A

-Dutch Reformed Theologian/professor

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28
Q

What was Arminius known for?

A
  • Known for departing from Reformed theology of Belgic Confession
  • Founder of Arminianism
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29
Q

What was the result of Arminius’ depart from calvinism? And where?

A

-Resulted in Calvinist-Arminian controversy at Synod of Dort

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30
Q

How did Arminius come to birth his theology?

A

-Came to his conclusions while trying to defend Calvinistic predestination

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31
Q

Arminius’ early life:

A

-Orphaned; adopted by priest; studied at Leiden (anti-Calvinist)

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32
Q

What did Copernicus discover?

A

-Earth revolves around the sun

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33
Q

Who is Galileo?

A
  • Devout Catholic
  • Father of modern science and astronomy
  • Called a heretic
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34
Q

What did Galileo discover?

A
  • Pendulum law (gravity) [from this came clocks)
  • Law of constant acceleration
  • Experiments to prove hypothesis
  • Earth not center of world
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35
Q

Who is Sir Isaac Newton?

A
  • Most famous scientist in history
  • Founder of Modern Calculus
  • Parliamentarian
  • Arian (non-trinitarian)
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36
Q

What did Newton discover?

A
  • 3 Laws of motion
  • Earth not the center of the world (built telescopes)
  • Theory of Color (Optics/light)
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37
Q

What was Kant’s focus?

A

-Ethics (philosophical study of moral actions)

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38
Q

What were Kant’s ethics?

A
  • Categorical Imperative (Morals are from rationality, not Bible)
  • Universal law (Act in a way you want everyone to act)
  • Golden Rule (do to others as you would have them do to you)
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39
Q

Why were Kant’s ideas readily accepted?

A

-Easy to understand and apply

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40
Q

Who was Voltaire?

A
  • French
  • Lived among Parisian aristocrats
  • Critic of religious intolerance and persecution
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41
Q

Who influenced Voltaire?

A

-Liked John Locke and Isaac Newton

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42
Q

What did Voltaire write?

A

-Wrote book praising English customs (therefore hated by Frenchmen and kicked out)

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43
Q

What was Voltaire a critic of?

A

religious intolerance and persecution

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44
Q

What happened at the end of Voltaire’s life?

A
  • Denied burial in church-grounds
  • Corpse stolen by right-wing religious people and dumped in garbage
  • Heart in a museum
  • Brain auctioned off
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45
Q

What is another word for the Renaissance?

A

The age of reason

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46
Q

Describe the wager.

A

Little/no risk in taking a chance on God. Much risk for not taking a chance on God. Just wager towards God. Even if God isn’t real you don’t lose much (slot machine). If God is real you gain everything.(

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47
Q

Who came up with “the wager”?

A

Blaise Pascal

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48
Q

Who was the founder of the Pietists?

A

Jakob Spener

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49
Q

Why did pietism start?

A

to deal with stress and conflict

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50
Q

What was the reform that Spener proposed? (5 things)

A 
Bible Based: (sad pp)
1) greater use of SCRIPTURE
2)Don’t just be a PEW sitter
3) ACT like a Christian
4) less debate, more Piety
5)PREACH to edify (teach)
(People need to learn the Bible!)
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51
Q

Who was August Hermann Francke?

A

-German Pietist

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52
Q

What did Hermann Franke do?

A
  • School for poor
  • Orphanage
  • Medical Dispensary
  • Publishing House
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53
Q

Who copied Hermann Franke?

A

Prussians

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54
Q

Who was Nicolas Ludwig, count von Zinzendorf? Who was he influenced by?

A
  • nobility
  • Pietist grandmother
  • Influenced by Spener, Francke, Luther
  • Studied Law
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55
Q

What did Nicolas Ludwig, count von Zinzendorf do?

A
  • Remolded Moravian Church
  • Didn’t mean to start a new church; wanted to renew Lutheranism.
  • Started little Communities! –take care of poor, weak, widow
  • He was exiled from Lutheran’s
  • Set up settlements in USA
56
Q

Who was John Wesley?

A
  • Founder of Methodism

- Saved England from bloody revolution

57
Q

What were Wesley’s beliefs?

A
  • Justification by faith

- Holiness/Sanctification

58
Q

How did John Wesley begin?

A

-Started class meetings and societies

59
Q

What are the main Characteristics of Pietism?

A
  1. Personal Relationship w/ God
  2. Perfect Relationship
  3. Bible impacts daily living
  4. Go to church to worship God, not for social standing
60
Q

Who was Blaise Pascal?

A

-Math theory of probability
-Famous Wager
“In faith there is enough light for those who want to believe and enough shadows to blind those who don’t”

61
Q

Know the “imperishable principals.”

A
  1. Bible is only rule of faith and practice
  2. Justified by faith alone without works
  3. Priesthood of all believers
  4. Religious liberty
  5. State over Rome (strengthening state, delivered from Rome)
  6. Ethics of life and Daily Labor
  7. Sanctity of all vocation
  8. Thrift and Industry
62
Q

Know a Tyndale’s claim to fame

A

-1st Mass produced English Bible! (Translated and Produced)

63
Q

Bad things that happened to Tyndale

A

-Burned as a heretic
-Plagiarized his work and put it in KJV
(well, at least his work was used I suppose….)

64
Q

What was Wesley’s faith journey?

A
  • Moravians on ship led to his spiritual awakening
  • Joined society (bible study/”holy club”) at school
  • Failed as pastor in Georgia (USA)
  • Saved at Aldersgate (felt assurance of salvation)
65
Q

Who does Wesley join to become an outdoor preacher?

A

Whitefield

66
Q

After becoming leader of the movement, what did Wesley do?

A
  • started societies and classes (didn’t try to start a church)
    - women could become class leaders (of women)
  • Started “Connections” (hierarchies)
67
Q

Wesley’s Slogan (and the slogan of Methodist Missionaries)

A

-“the world is my parish”

68
Q

What denomination did Wesley move away from?

A

Church of England (Anglicans)

69
Q

What did Calvin try to do?

A

standardize the theories of Protestantism

70
Q

What did calvin emphasize?

A

Sovereignty of Scriptures

Divine Predestination

71
Q

Where did Calvin have absolute supremacy?

A

Geneva

72
Q

What was the result of Calvin in Geneva?

A
  • Punished impiety and dissent with execution

- -Didn’t allow art, instruments, or music

73
Q

Calvin’s TULIP

A
  • Total Depravity
  • Unconditional Election
  • Limited Atonement
  • Irresistible Grace
  • Perseverance of the saints
74
Q

What was Calvin’s approach to faith?

A

Intellectual, unemotional approach

75
Q

What denominations did Calvin found?

A

Founded Presbyterianism, Puritans, Reformed Church

76
Q

What did the Industrial Revolution do?

A
  • People left farms for the city to work in factories
  • Merchant class becomes politically powerful
  • Science effects religion
77
Q

What were the indulgences that ticked off Luther?

A

-1517 – Pope Leo X started new indulgences to build St. Peter’s Basilica

78
Q

What did Luther say about the indulgences?

A

-He said they corrupted people’s faith

79
Q

Who did Luther write to, Re: Indulgences?

A

-Martin wrote to Archbishop Albert Albrecht of Mainz, calling him to end indulgence sales.

80
Q

Bonus Wesley Quote:

A 
"Do all the GOOD you can, 
by all the MEANS you can, 
in all the WAYS you can, 
in all the PLACES you can, 
at all the TIMES you can, 
to all the PEOPLE you can, 
as LONG AS EVER you can.”
81
Q

Political climate about the church before the reformation

A

Centralized nation-state: pope is the boss

82
Q

Economic climate about the church before the reformation

A

Want to keep money: not give money to Rome

83
Q

Intellectual climate about the church before the reformation

A

Learn language and realized Church’s interpretations was inaccurate

84
Q

Moral climate about the church before the reformation

A

· Too much emphasis on ritual
· Increasing secularization
· Wealth, corruption, abuse

85
Q

Social climate about the church before the reformation

A

Middle class was developing

86
Q

Theological climate about the church before the reformation

A

· Inaccessibility of Scripture

· Works over faith

87
Q

Luther’s city

A

Saxony/Wittenberg, Germany

88
Q

Zwingli city

A

– Glarus, Switzerland

89
Q

Calvin city

A

– Geneva, Switzerland

90
Q

Tyndale city

A

– Nibley/Oxford, England

91
Q

Spener city

A

– Frankfort, Germany

92
Q

Francke city

A

– Germany

93
Q

Zinzendorf city

A

– Germany

94
Q

Wesley city

A

– Oxford, England

95
Q

Pascal city

A
  • France
96
Q

Denominations to come out of the Protestant reformation?

A

Lutheranism
Anabaptist’s
Calvinist’s
Arminianism

97
Q

Denominations to come from Luheranism

A

Moravian

98
Q

Denominations to come from Anabaptists

A

Amish/Mennonites

99
Q

Denominations to come from Calvinists

A

o Puritans/Pilgrims
o Separatists
o Presbyterian
o Reformed Church

100
Q

Denominations to come from Arminianism

A

o Methodists (John Wesley)
o Anglican
o Salvation Army (William Booth)
o Nazarene

101
Q

Founder of Anabaptists

A

Zwingli

102
Q

Arminian’s primary objection to Calvinism and the result

A

Predestination
God both tyrant and executioner?!: “God makes us do bad things, then punishes us for it”
- Began to doubt predestination and changes his view

103
Q

Who brings calvinism to heights of divine determination?

A

Beza the Bozo

104
Q

What does Beza a Bozo do?

A

brings calvinism to heights of divine

105
Q

What did King Henry VIII do?

Why?

A

separated the English Church from Rome because he wanted an annulment.

106
Q

How did Henry XIII ensure his what he wanted?

A

Took the position of Supreme head of the Church of English to ensure the annulment of his marriage.

107
Q

Who excommunicated King Henry XIII

A

Pope Paul

108
Q

What was King Henry XIII’s response to being excommunicated?

A

King took all Catholic properties with stroke of a pen.
o Dissolution of the monasteries
o Catholic church no longer had power over King and empires

109
Q

What was King Henry’s worship preference?

A

traditional Catholic practices

110
Q

What were protestant reformers not allowed to do during King Henry XIII’s reign?

A

unable to make many changes to the practices of the Church of England

111
Q

What did Henry XIII do to Protestant’s and Catholics?

A

Tried them for heresy

112
Q

What was the result of Henry XIII’s reign on the church?

A

Church under Henry VIII was like pope-led Catholic Church, thus the Puritans wanted to simplify and purify

113
Q

Who was Bloody Mary?

A

Queen Mary of Scotts

114
Q

What was the state’s church under queen Mary?

A

Roman Catholicism

115
Q

What happened to Protestants under Mary’s reign?

A

Exiles went Geneva:
Saw John Calvin’s church provided a working model of a disciplined church.
Puritan’s wanted that model

-She killed them as heretics

116
Q

How was the reformation incomplete?

A

did not extinguish Catholic Church (convert, not kill)

117
Q

Who did Puritains gain control over?

A

New Model Army

118
Q

Who did Puritain’s put in charge of new parliament?

A

Oliver Cromwell

119
Q

Cromwell’s adviser?

A

John Owen (the driving force behind Calvinism)

120
Q

What did Cromwell’s religious settlement allow for?

A

limited pluralism that favored the Puritans

121
Q

What did Puritan’s want?

A

People who wanted to simplify and purify the church of England
o Rid of immorality

-Religious Reform

122
Q

Difference between pilgrims and Puritan’s

A

Pilgrims are puritans, but went to extremes
o Didn’t think Anglican church was salvageable
o Physical separation from the church of England
§ Puritan strain in America went off the rails

123
Q

What did Puritan’s believe was necessary to relationship with God?

A

Covenant

124
Q

What does Puritan religious covenant state

A

o Redeem one from one’s sinful condition
o God had chosen to reveal salvation through preaching
o Holy Spirit was energizing instrument of salvation.

125
Q

Major influences on Puritanism

A

Calvinist theology and polity

126
Q

What did Puritan’s reject

A

“popish idolatry”

127
Q

What did Puritan’s emphasize?

A

preaching (wanted ministers to be educated)

128
Q

What did Puritan’s believe about predestination?

A

o Elect: selected by God to live this way

129
Q

Basic Puritan Beliefs:

A

· Calvinistic
· Saw God in all things, including commonplace
· Valued all vocations
· Work glorified God and bettered society (idleness is bad)
· Success or wealth is a blessing, not earned
· Were sexually progressive
· Church should be separate from government control
· Simple worship and way of life
· Church policy is based on the Bible alone
· Sundays are for worship only revelry in the church
· Bible accessible to all
· Well-educated
· Social activists: people take care of each other, not government

130
Q

When were Puritan’s persecuted again?

A

After Cromwell’s death

131
Q

What was the 1689 Toleration Act?

A

established church as Episcopal but also tolerated dissenting groups
-Tolerate, but can’t gain control

132
Q

What was the Half-Way covenant in New England?

A

Catholic Church said Puritan’s can vote is they are baptized, moral, and orthodox persons and can share the privileges of church membership

133
Q

Who started Puritanism in Rhode Island?

A

Roger Williams

134
Q

Who started Puritanism in PA?

A

William Penn

135
Q

What is the 2nd most sold book in the world?

A

Pilgrim’s Progress

136
Q

In what was Arminius’s theology is finally written out?

A

5 Articles of Remonstrance

=expression of opposition or protest

137
Q

What did Calvin outlaw in worship?

A

Music, instruments

Church History (2 decks)

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