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Test two (weeks 2 + 3) Flashcards

1
Q

hydrastis canadensis common name

A

Goldenseal

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2
Q

hydrastis canadensis Part used

A

Root and rhizome

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3
Q

hydrastis canadensis family

A

Ranunculacea

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4
Q

hydrastis canadensis Actions

A

Antimicrobial

Astringent, mild stimulant, anti inflammatory

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5
Q

hydrastis canadensis Indications

A

Tonic for boggy, ulcerated, cracked mucous membranes with mucopurulent discharge

Topically for conjunctivitis, otitis media, otitis externa, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis

Topical bacterial infections (nasal lavage), mouth swish for ulcers, pharyngitis

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6
Q

hydrastis canadensis CI/cautions

A

CI in pregnancy due to berberine content and potential to stimulate the uterus

Threatened in wild buy only farmed
Not reliable as systemic; needs to come in contact with infected tissue

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7
Q

Echinacea family

A

Asteraceae

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8
Q

Echinacea Part used

A

Root and rhizome, whole plant

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9
Q

Echinacea Energetics

A

Cooling
Drying
Stimulating

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10
Q

Echinacea Actions

A

Lymphagogue
Antimicrobial
Immunostimulant
Anti inflammatory
Stim leukocytes
Enhances phagocytosis
Inhibits hyaluroniase
Vulnerary

MOVER - tingly movement, stimulation to whole system via lymphatics

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11
Q

Echinacea Indications

A

Infection
Sepsis
Pharyngitis
Prevention of URIs
Ulcers

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12
Q

Echinacea Cautions/CI

A

Avoid prolonged use in inflammatory autoimmune diseases (may push them towards a flare); only use short term for these patients

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13
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum common name

A

Bone set

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14
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum Part used

A

Aerial part in flower or bud

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15
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum Actions

A

Diaphoretic
Immunostimulant (4x more phagocytosis than echinacea)
Mucus membrane tonic
Anti inflammatory
Cytotoxic
Peripheral circulatory stimulant
Smooth muscle relaxant

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16
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum Indications

A

Influenza and similar illnesses that set into bones with aching, fever, chills

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17
Q

Eupatorium perfoliatum Caution/CI

A

Low dose herb

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18
Q

Usnea family

A

Parmeliaceae

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19
Q

Usnea Part used

A

Root and rhizome, whole plant

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20
Q

Usnea Energetics

A

Drying

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21
Q

Usnea Actions

A

Immunostimulant
Anti inflammatory
Systemic antimicrobial

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22
Q

Usnea Indications

A

Respiratory infections
Cutaneous infections
UTIs

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23
Q

Usnea Cautions/CI

A

Low dose herb; liver toxicity in large doses; avoid in those with liver compromise

Remediates airborne pollutants; gather in clean areas

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24
Q

Baptista tinctora Common name

A

Wild indigo

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25
Baptista tinctora Family
Fabaceae
26
Baptista tinctora Part used
Root
27
Baptista tinctora Energetics
Cooling
28
Baptista tinctora Actions
Immunostimulant Antimicrobial
29
Baptista tinctora Cautions/CI
Pregnancy Low dose herb; large doses toxic due to phenolic glycosides and alkaloids - 30g induces signs of toxicity
30
Baptista tinctora Indications
Infections Protracted fever with severely depressed vital force Ulceration of tissue
31
Verbascum thapsus common name
Mullein
32
Verbascum thapsus Part used
Flowers
33
Verbascum thapsus Actions
Anodyne, antimicrobial
34
Verbascum thapsus Indications
Soothing agent in otitis media and other irritations of TM and EAC
35
Verbascum thapsus Cautions/CI
Ruptured TM
36
Ginkgo part used
Leaf
37
Ginkgo energetics
Moving
38
Ginkgo actions
Increases blood flow to brain and periphery Antioxidant Anti inflammatory Antithrombotic (antagonizes PAF) Benefits cogntition
39
Ginkgo indications
Migraines Tinnitus Vertigo Diabetic retinopathy Macular degeneration Glaucoma Cataracts Intermittent Claudia t ion Raynauds Diabetic ulcers ED Varicose veins Cerebrovascular insufficiency and impaired mental performance
40
Ginkgo Cautions/CI
Pregnancy, hemophilia, use of blood thinning meds
41
Herbs for outer ear - otitis externa
Topical Antimicrobials - usnea, hydrastis, echinacea, verbascum flower, allium Emollient - olive oil Vulnerary - calendula, echinacea, hypericum Antiinflammatory - hydrastis, echinacea, curcuma Anodyne - verbascum, hypericum
42
Dr Barrett’s ear drop formula for otitis externa
Equal parts infused oils - hydrastis, calendula, verbascum, hypericum 4-6 drops every 2 hours
43
Herbs for middle ear - otitis media
Circulatory stimulant - allium, calendula Anodyne - verbascum, hypericum Emollient - olive oil Antiinflammatory - hydrastis, hypericum, calendula
44
Herbs for AOM with severe pain
Antiinflammatory - hydrastis, hypericum Emollient - olive oil Anodyne - verbascum flower, hypericum, aconite (LOW DOSE!!!!!)
45
Herbs for inner ear goals
Inflammation modulation - curcuma, Tanacetum, ginkgo, vaccine management, crataegus Nervine trophorestoratives - hypericum, arena, centella Circulatory tonics - ginkgo, centella, vaccinia, crataegus, capsicum, zingiber
46
Goals for systemic treatment in otitis media
Immune modulation - Decongest tissue Lymphatic drainage Modulate inflammation Astringe mucous membranes
47
What is an osteoma?
Benign outgrowth of bone found mainly on bones of skull
48
When should referred pain be considered? What are some red flags?
Ear pain with normal otoscopic exam and no loss of hearing Red flags - alcohol, smokers, > 50, diabetes - higher risk of serious causes of ear pain
49
What does tympanometry measure? How are linden/jerger patterns graphed?
Reflected pressure in TM Graphed as compliance vs pressure
50
Types of linden/jerger graphs
Type A - normal Type B - fluid, early AOM, OME Type C - Eustachian tube dysfunction
51
Hx differences between AOM and OME
Hx AOM: Secondary to URI Children <10 Unilateral otalgia, blockage sensation, hearing loss > fever; worse at night/lying down Insomnia, irritability, anorexia (best clues in infant) Hx OME: Painless Popping or gurgling sounds Plugged feeling Aural fullness Allergies or VRI common causes
52
TM appearance in AOM vs OME
AOM: red, inflamed, cloudy, fullness/bulging OME: yellow, amber
53
Are fever/cervical lymphadema signs of AOM or OME?
AOM
54
What condition may show bubbles or fluid level retraction and tenting over the short handle of the malleus?
OME
55
Light reflex is affected how in AOM?
Smaller and distorted
56
What finding may be found on pneumatic otoscopy in AOM?
Middle ear fluid or pus
57
Otitis externa RF
Change in pH acidic>alkaline Increased temp and humidity Mild trauma, frequent cleaning, alterations in ear canal microbiome Swimming Dermatitis
58
Sx otitis externa
Tender, swollen ear canal Pain IN ear canal Auricle and tragic very tender to manipulation Pruruitis to severe pain Aural fullness and conductive hearing loss due to blockage of auditory canal Fever Insomnia from pain
59
Malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa RF
Immunocompromised: DM, alcoholic, malnourished Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staph aureus, fungi
60
What is malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa?
Progressive otitis externa that invades underlying cartilage/bone; rare but dangerous
61
Malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa sx
Sever otalgia and otorrhea with pain that appears out of proportion to PE findings Bell’s palsy, facial nerve paralysis and death, osteomyelitis, hearing loss
62
What is Otis barotrauma?
Inflammation of middle ear caused by the pressure difference between air in middle ear and external atmosphere
63
RF otic barotrauma
Eustachian tube dysfunction (allergies, colds, serous otitis media)
64
Otic barotrauma sx
Otalgia with severe ear fullness (aural fullness) < yawning Hearing loss Dizziness Severe cases - TM perforation or round window membrane rupture
65
RF impacted cerumen
Elderly Pts with cognitive impairment
66
Sx impacted cerumen
Vague discomfort > severe pain Impaired hearing Dizziness Ear fullness Reflex cough Hx of Q tip abuse Increased cerumen production
67
Tx impacted cerumen
Manual removal with curette/alligator forceps Softening with olive/calendula oil and carbamide peroxide Irrigation with elephant ear syringe
68
CI to drops/irrigation with impacted cerumen
Non-intact TM AOM Otorrhea
69
Why should you never irrigat hygroscopic bodies?
Beans and other hygroscopic bodies can swell and become more difficult to remove
70
Where do foreign bodies often get lodged?
The point at which the external auditory canal narrows at the cartilaginous junction
71
What is an osteoma of the ear canal?
Exostoses of the external auditory meatus; present at gradual narrowing of the bony canal by mounds of bone that arise from canal walls from temporal bone
72
RF osteoma of canal
Hx cold water exposure (surfers or swimmers)
73
Sx osteoma of canal
Asx Conductive hearing loss if canal becomes occluded
74
RF serous otitis media/OME
Allergies VRI
75
serous otitis media/OME Sx
Usually painless Popping or gurgling sounds Plugged feeling; aural fullness Conductive hearing loss
76
serous otitis media/OME PE findings
Yellow, amber TM Bubbles or fluid level retraction, tenting over short handle malleus Type B tympanogram Insufflation shows little or no movement Abnormal whispered voice test
77
What is EOM/eosinophils otitis media
Intractable otitis media with viscous yellow effusion containing eosinophils
78
RF EOM
Pts with bronchial asthma Pts resistant to conventional treatments for otitis media
79
Infectious myringitis def
Inflammation of TM; usually viral, sometimes bacterial
80
Infectious myringitis Sx
Red painful ear No middle ear involvement May be hearing loss If caused by strep, vesicles on TM
81
Herpes zoster oticus def
Reactivating of VZV along distribution of sensory nerves inner acting the ear
82
Herpes zoster oticus sx
Hearing loss Vertigo Otalgia Facial palsy Pathognomic vesicular rash of pinna, external auditory canal, and occasionally TM
83
What is Ramsay hunt syndrome?
Herpes zoster oticus Associated with facial paralysis; worse prognosis than bells palsy
84
Mastoiditis def
AOM spread to mastoid air cells
85
Mastoiditis sx
Similar to AOM but pain is also behind ear High fever (102-105F) complication of untreated or poorly treated AOM
86
Mastoiditis PE findings
Tender, red mastoid Spasm of ipsilateral SCM Bulging in canal, protrusion of auricle
87
mastoiditis complications
Abscess into brain Meningitis Death

EENT (6 decks)

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