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Database Management > Test Two Material > Flashcards

Test Two Material Flashcards

1
Q

Normalization

A

a process for evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies, thereby reducing the likelihood
of data anomalies.

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2
Q

a process for evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies, thereby reducing the likelihood
of data anomalies.

A

Normalization

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3
Q

Denormalization

A

the process of attempting to optimize the read performance of a database by adding redundant data or by grouping data

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4
Q

the process of attempting to optimize the read performance of a database by adding redundant data or by grouping data

A

Denormalization

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5
Q

atomic attribute

A

if a value has component parts, the dbms either ignores the existence of those parts, or it provides functions to manipulate them

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6
Q

if a value has component parts, the dbms either ignores the existence of those parts, or it provides functions to manipulate them

A

atomic attribute

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7
Q

a property of database transactions which are guaranteed to either completely occur, or have no effects

A

atomicity

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8
Q

atomicity

A

a property of database transactions which are guaranteed to either completely occur, or have no effects

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9
Q

Boyce Codd Normal Form

A

is a normal form used in database normalization. It is a slightly stronger version of the third normal form (3NF).

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10
Q

is a normal form used in database normalization. It is a slightly stronger version of the third normal form (3NF).

A

Boyce Codd Normal Form

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11
Q

dependency diagram

A

bird’s-eye
view of all the relationships among a table’s attributes, and their use makes it less likely that you will overlook an important dependency.

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12
Q

bird’s-eye
view of all the relationships among a table’s attributes, and their use makes it less likely that you will overlook an important dependency.

A

dependency diagram

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13
Q

determinate

A

any attribute that you can use to determine the values assigned to other attribute(s) in the same row.

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14
Q

any attribute that you can use to determine the values assigned to other attribute(s) in the same row.

A

determinate

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15
Q

first normal form (1NF)

A

if the domain of each attribute contains only atomic values, and the value of each attribute contains only a single value from that domain.

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16
Q

if the domain of each attribute contains only atomic values, and the value of each attribute contains only a single value from that domain.

A

first normal form (1NF)

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17
Q

fourth normal form (4NF)

A

a level of database normalization where there are no non-trivial multivalued dependencies other than a candidate key. It builds on the first three normal forms (1NF, 2NF and 3NF) and the Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF).

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18
Q

a level of database normalization where there are no non-trivial multivalued dependencies other than a candidate key. It builds on the first three normal forms (1NF, 2NF and 3NF) and the Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF).

A

fourth normal form (4NF)

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19
Q

granularity

A

refers to the fineness with which data fields are sub-divided.

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20
Q

refers to the fineness with which data fields are sub-divided.

A

granularity

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21
Q

does not uniquely identify an instance of an entity

A

non key attribute

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22
Q

Non key attribute

A

does not uniquely identify an instance of an entity

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23
Q

a nonprime attribute is functionally dependent on part of a candidate key

A

partial dependency

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24
Q

an attribute that’s not part of any candidate key.

A

non prime attribute

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25
Q

non prime attribute

A

not part of any candidate key.

26
Q

attributes of the candidate key which defines the uniqueness (Eg: SSN number in a employee database)

A

prime attribute

27
Q

prime attribute

A

attributes of the candidate key which defines the uniqueness (Eg: SSN number in a employee database)

28
Q

Any attribute that can have multiple values associated with a single instance of some entity.

A

repeating group

29
Q

repeating group

A

Any attribute that can have multiple values associated with a single instance of some entity.

30
Q

a book might have multiple authors is an example of

A

repeating group

31
Q

second normal form (2NF)

A

It is in first normal form

All non-key attributes are fully functional dependent on the primary key

32
Q

It is in first normal form

All non-key attributes are fully functional dependent on the primary key

A

second normal form (2NF)

33
Q

third normal form (3NF)

A

the entity is in second normal form and
all the attributes in a table are determined only by the candidate keys of that table and not by any non-prime attributes.[1]

34
Q

the entity is in second normal form and
all the attributes in a table are determined only by the candidate keys of that table and not by any non-prime attributes.[1]

A

third normal form (3NF)

35
Q

transitive dependency

A

An indirect relationship between data elements in a database.

36
Q

An indirect relationship between data elements in a database.

A

transitive dependency

37
Q

Social security number is a ————- of date-of-birth (SSN->DOB), because social security number is dependent on employee name (SSN->EMP), and employee name is dependent on date-of-birth (EMP->DOB) but not on social security number (there may be more than one John Smith or Maria Gomez).

A

transitive dependency

38
Q

non key attribute examples

A

first name, last name, birth date

39
Q

Consider a table with the attributes employee_id, first_name, last_name and date_of_birth. In this case, the field employee_id determines the remaining three fields. The name fields do not determine the employee_id because the firm may have more than one employee with the same first and/or last name. this is an example of what?

A

determinants

40
Q

rules for 1FN

A

Eliminate repeating groups in individual tables.
Create a separate table for each set of related data.
Identify each set of related data with a primary key

41
Q

rules for 2NF

A

if it is in 1NF and no non-prime attribute is dependent on any proper subset of any candidate key of the table.

42
Q

update anomoly

A

exists when one or more instances of duplicated data is updated, but not all

43
Q

exists when one or more instances of duplicated data is updated, but not all

A

update anomoly

44
Q

Insertion Anamoly

A

occurs when certain attributes cannot be inserted into the database without the presence of other attributes.

45
Q

occurs when certain attributes cannot be inserted into the database without the presence of other attributes.

A

Insertion Anamoly

46
Q

exists when certain attributes are lost because of the deletion of other attributes.

A

deletion anamoly

47
Q

deletion anamoly

A

exists when certain attributes are lost because of the deletion of other attributes.

48
Q

Contains only atomic values

There are no repeating groups

A

1NF

49
Q

cannot be divided

A

atomic value

50
Q

you remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table, place them in separate tables, and create relationships between these new tables and the original tables through the use of foreign keys.

A

2NF

51
Q

you remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key.

A

3NF

52
Q

you eliminate duplicate columns from the same table,create separate tables for each group of related data, and identify each row with a unique column or set of columns (the primary keys).

A

1NF

53
Q

There are no repeating or duplicate fields
Each cell contains only a single value
Each record is unique (identified by primary key)

A

1NF

54
Q

All non-key fields depend on components of the primary key

A

2NF

55
Q

all non-key fields depend on the primary key

A

3NF

56
Q

”A -> C” is a —– dependency when it is true only because both “A -> B” and “B -> C” are true

A

transitive

57
Q

A——-dependency is an indirect functional dependency, one in which X→Z only by virtue of X→Y and Y→Z.

A

transitive

58
Q

when a record is deleted, other information that is tied to it is also deleted

A

deletion anamoly

59
Q

user is unable to insert a new record of data when it should be possible to do so because not all other information is available.

A

insertion anamoly

60
Q

a record is updated, but other appearances of the same items are not updated

A

update anamoly

61
Q

A change in Address must be made in several places. Updating one fact may require updating multiple tuples.

A

update anamoly

62
Q

Possible primary key that was not chosen as the primary key

A

Candidate key

Database Management (4 decks)

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