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Horticulture 111 > Test Two > Flashcards

Test Two Flashcards

1
Q

When did Jack o Lanterns gain popularity?

A

1800s

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2
Q

What pumpkin fungus lives in definitely in the soil which makes reoccurring outbreaks.

A

Sclerotinia

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3
Q

What was the ancient Gaelic festival thats thought to be one of the first Halloweens?

A

Samhain

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4
Q

What was the name of the first Jack o Lantern?

A

Stingy Jack

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5
Q

What are the four types of herbicides?

A

Contact, Systemic, Selective, Non selective

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6
Q

What does IPM stand for?

A

Insect Pest Managment

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7
Q

What are the six steps to an IPM program?

A

Identify, Know, Monitor, Threshold, Decide, Evaluate

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8
Q

What is the IPM Order of Control?

A

Non-Chemical, Biological, Chemicals

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9
Q

What is the biggest prevention matter to prevent pests?

A

Sanitation

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10
Q

What are some natural enemies?

A

Diseases, Predators and Parasites

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11
Q

What is a fungi and bacteria that live in other plants without harming them?

A

Endophytes

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12
Q

What predator can control Ladybugs?

A

Aphids

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13
Q

What does the tomato hornworm control?

A

Braconid wasp

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14
Q

What is the most important thing of releasing a biological control?

A

Timing and knowing each species

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15
Q

Why should someone use biological control?

A

Cost
Less environmental harm
Less insect resistance to chemicals

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16
Q

What can control aphids?

A

Parasitic wasps

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17
Q

What can control the Fungus Gnats?

A

Praying Mantas

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18
Q

The Green Lacewings control which pest?

A

Spider mites

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19
Q

What two plant concerns can be helped with biological conrtols?

A

Pythium and Soil Issues

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20
Q

What is usually needed for Leaf spots to occur?

A

Water for the infection (common on wet humid days)

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21
Q

What pathogens can cause leaf spots

A

Bacteria and Fungal

22
Q

What differs between a leaf spot and blight?

A

Blight will keel the entire leaf

23
Q

When is blight most severe?

A

Wet and stressful times

24
Q

What is the most common Blight?

A

Butrytis (fungal)

25
Q

What pathogens can cause blights?

A

bacteria and fungal

26
Q

If a plant has a gray mold what is most likely the cause?

A

Blight

27
Q

What is the top and bottom of a leaf called?

A

Top is sheath and bottom is blade

28
Q

What is a rust?

A

A fungi that starts as a pale spot

29
Q

What begins as a green palish spot on the leaf and turns into white or gray?

A

Powdery mildew

30
Q

Describe the powdery mildew and its hosts.

A

Appears on the top leaf and looks the same on every host but is also very host specific.

31
Q

Where is Downey mildews seen?

A

Brown or fuzzy white on the underside of the leaf

32
Q

For what disease must you remove infected plants?

A

Downy Mildew

33
Q

What fungi causes Downey Mildew??

A

Oomycetes

34
Q

What are different rot types?

A

Root, stem and crown rots

35
Q

What is a symptom of vascular wilts?

A

Wilting and yellowing of foliage

36
Q

What is the most common Mosaics?

A

Tobacco Mosaic Disease

37
Q

What are some disease prevention methods?

A

Spacing, Depth, Fertilizer, Mulching and watering

38
Q

Name two places that take soil samples?

A

SDSU Soil Testing and Extension Offices

39
Q

What are positive and negatively charged ions called?

A

Cation and Anion

40
Q

What is the CEC?

A

The Cation Exchange Capacity, is total amount of cations that a soil can retain. The higher it is the more nutrients that are available

41
Q

When does soil CEC increase

A

When clay, pH and organic matter increases

42
Q

What cations with one or two positive charges called?

A

Monovalent and divalent (opposites attract)

43
Q

What is a common issue seen in clay in the northern states?

A

Permafrost

44
Q

How do you find the Nitrogen in a bag?

A

size of bags X percent in bag

50 lbs X 0.26 N= 13lbs nitrogen

45
Q

How do you measure Potassium?

A

50 lbs X amount on the bag. Then that total X 0.83

46
Q

What type of containers are used for media?

A

Standard
Azalea Pot
Bulb Pan

47
Q

Describe Soil as an amendment.

A

Its heavy, variable pH, no nutrients and good drainage

48
Q

Describe the Sphagnum Moss.

A

Great buffer, pH is 3.5, little nutrient value

49
Q

Describe Vermiculite

A

Good buffer, pH is 7.0 or more, drains and holds water

50
Q

What are the four vermiculite types?

A

1,2,3,4 (largest to smallest)

51
Q

Describe Perlite

A

No buffer, pH from 6-8. Volcanic origin, contains fluoride

52
Q

Which animal manure has the highest nitrogen levels?

A

Sheep

Horticulture 111 (2 decks)

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