Test Two Flashcards
(38 cards)
Who were the Puritans?
A group of people who wanted to purify the Church of England
Why did the Puritans want to purify the church?
- Believed the church had become too Catholic
- Immorality was significant
The Puritans are known for what?
- spirited of morality
- religious earnestness
As far as salvation goes, Puritans believed…
- In order to be saved one had to have a relationship with God
- salvation would be revealed through preaching
Which English monarch was responsible for exiling Protestants?
Bloody Mary
Which monarch reestablished England as a Protestant nation?
Queen Elizabeth
What are some significant events for the Puritans?
- 1534 Act of Supremacy
- 1549- First book of common prayer
- 1555 Queen Mary kills off many protestants
- 1611 King James Bible
- 1649 Puritan supporter Oliver Cromwell takes over England
What beliefs did the Puritans hold?
- God was in all things, including the small ones
- all jobs had a value
- working glorifies God, being lazy does not
- wealth is a blessing and not earned
- church policy was based on Bible alone
- church should be separate from gov’t control
- accessibility of the Bible
- encouragement of education
Who is James Arminius?
- Dutch reformed theologian
- took a Latinized form of his last name when he studied theology
- most known for the Calvist-Arminian controversy
Arminian theology was formed…
- after the death of Jacob Arminius
- formalized in Five Articles of Remonstrance
- theology was condemned by the State church at the Synod of Dort
The Synod of Dort
- Kangaroo court of sorts
- called those following Arminius’ theology heretics
The Five Articles of Remonstrance
- an expression of protest against Calvinist doctrine of predestination
- Christ came to save all, not just the elect
Who was William Tyndale?
- theologian and scholar
- gifted linguist (knew 8 languages!!!)
- translated the Bible into English
- burned at the stake for his views
What was the Protestant Reformation?
- a revelation in religious thought an practice
- caused many years of violent conflict
- changed the map of Europe
- power shift from the church to the secular world
What was the Unam Sanctam?
- papal bull issued by Pope Boniface
- stated that all temporal powers were subject to the Pope
- caused the French to move the papacy to Avignon
- caused popes to pop up all over the place
What was the Bubonic Plague?
- “Black Death”
- 1348-1351
- spread by fleas on rats
- Jews were blamed for the outbreak
- led to penitential flagellation (whipping themselves)
- killed a third of the population in Europe
Who was John Wycliff?
- major critic of the Church
- believed church should be a spiritual body without wealth or temporal power
- advocated for the abolition of the entire papal system
- believed that people should be taught in their native tongue, not Latin (preached in Czech)
Who was John Huss?
- emphasized the Scriptures
- was burned at the stake in 1415
- promised safe passage to a council but this was a pretense
- believed that lower societies should be able to drink from the cup and that bishops should not be the only ones to hold such privilege
- Pope John Paul issued an apology for his death in 2001
What were indulgences?
- essentially “Get out of Hell” cards sold for money
- this was to cover sins
- came out of the crusades
- eventually led to the philosophy that paying for the good work was as good (if not better) than doing the good work
Who was John Tetzel?
- corrupt man who sold indulgences
- claimed he had an indulgence that would cover the sins of of dead people
- was one of the many contributing factors of Martin Luther’s split from the Catholic church
What were the reasons for reformation?
- the nations did not like that the pope was in charge of their affairs
- tax money was going to Rome
- people found that the Biblical interpretation was not always accurate
- corruption of the Church
- the middle class was developing
- the Bible was not accessible
Who were the fathers of the Reformation?
- Martin Luther
- Anabaptists (led by Zwingli)
- John Calvin
- Anglicans
Some facts about Martin Luther…
highlights of his life
- son of a miner
- went to law school
- became a monk after a scary instance with a thunderstorm
- saw that corruption in the church was rampant; sees even more corruption when he goes to the Vactican
- becomes a theology professor at University of Wittenburg
- nailed 95 Theses to the door of the chapel on Halloween in 1517 condemning the sale of indulgences
- claimed Pope had no authority to interpret Scriptures
- excommunicated in 1521 for his “heretical” beliefs
- translated the New Testament into German
- formed Lutheran Church
- married Katherine Von Bora and had six children
Who was John Calvin?
- believed that people were predestined
- forced to leave France by anti-Protestants and went to Geneva
- became the Supreme Leader of Geneva
- led to Geneva becoming the center of Protestantism