Test Two Flashcards
Wissenschaft
(‘science’) research based atmosphere, academic freedom and apprenticeship model of study
Ernst Weber
- Two point threshold
- JNDs (just noticeable differences)
- Webers law
Gustav Fechner
- Absolute threshold, difference threshold
* Method of limits, method of constant stimuli, method of adjustment
Wilhelm Wundt’s
- The ‘personal equation’
- The ‘subtractive method’ for mental chronometry reaction times, also called the complication experiment
-Voluntarism (active mind) and apperception
Hermann Ebbinghaus
- Nonsense syllables
- Serial learning (effort to learn to mastery)
- Set size
- The saving method
- The forgetting function
G. E. Muller
- Retroactive inhibition
- Jost’s law: practice strengthens older lists
- The memory drum
Oswald Kulpe
- Systematic experimental introspections
- (‘self observing rather than apperceptive ‘inner perception)
- fractionization
- Mental sets
- The problem of imageless thoughts and conscious attitudes
Darwin’s theory of evolution
- Overproductions – species tend to have a large amount of offspring – the struggle to survive
- Variation of a characteristics – the Finches birds with different beaks – different beaks allow them to eat different foods
- Heredity – these characteristics can be passed along from generation to generation
- Selection (Differential reproductive success)
Douglas Spalding
o Instinct
o Imprinting
o Critical periods
George Romanes
the anecdotal method and animal intelligence
Conwy Lloyd Morgan
the principle of parsimony, animal life and intelligence and an introduction to comparative psychology
Francis Galton
• The survey method
• Twin studies
• Correlation statistics
o Eugenics: selective breeding applied to humans
William James
introspection, brass instrument, comparative
o habits should be formed by:
• 1. Public announcement
• 2. Consistency
• 3. Structure
• life to reinforce habits
• James Lange theory: ‘emotion follows act’
• James philosophy: pragmatism - spiritualism
G. Stanley Hall
Genetic psychology: comparative, abnormal and developmental