Chapter 5

Question 1

species problem

Answer 1

problem of the orgins of species

Question 2

argument for design

Answer 2

explained the great complexity in nature by arguing that it required a superior being (God) to produce it

Question 3

chain of being

Answer 3

belieft that all species on earth could be placed on a linear scale with reference to their level of complexity

Question 4

inheritance of acquired charateristics

Answer 4

theory that characteristics developed as a result of experience during ones lifetime could be passed to offspring

Question 5

catastrophism

Answer 5

theory that geological change occured infrequently and as a consequence of such catastropic events as the biblical flood

Question 6

uniformitarianism

Answer 6

theory that geological change occured gradually, over a long period of time, and as a consequence of such regular phenomena as erosion

Question 7

natural selection

Answer 7

in the struggle for existence those organisms with adaptive variations would be most likley to survive and pass there attributes to the next generation

Question 8

sexual selection

Answer 8

mate selction is influenced by factors , not necessarily relevant for natural selection

Question 9

functionalism

Answer 9

focused on the study of human conscious experience from evolutionary perspective

Question 10

evolutionary psychology

Answer 10

propses that virutally all human behavior, especially social behavior must be understood in an evolutionary context

Question 11

serviceable associated habits

Answer 11

some emotional expressions were initially useful

Question 12

direct action of the nervous system

Answer 12

emotional expression, stating that some expressions (blushing) are the side effects of the physiological arousal accompanying strongly felt emotions

Question 13

ethology

Answer 13

the study of animal behavior in its natural surrondings

Question 14

instinct

Answer 14

some perceptual abilities ( at least in animals) did not result from practice but from instinct

Question 15

imprinting

Answer 15

instinctive tendency for newly hatched ducklings to follow the first moving object the encounter

Question 16

critical period

Answer 16

certain instinctive behaviors (imprinting) must develop within a certain time frame

Question 17

survey method

Answer 17

originated with darwins questionnaires on emotion and Galtons questionnaires on a variety of topics

Question 18

twin studies

Answer 18

demonstrating the heritablility of intelligance

Question 19

correlation

Answer 19

statistical tool that asses the degree of relationship between two variables

Question 20

eugenics

Answer 20

refers to the a variety of methods (selective breeding) for enhancing the quality of a species

Question 21

anecdotal evidence

Answer 21

research method in which evidence takes the form of an accumilation of examples supporting a principle or theory

Question 22

anthrophmorphism

Answer 22

tendency to attribute human behaviors to a nonhuman entities

Question 23

lloyd morgans canon

Answer 23

explanations for animal behavior should be no more complex than observational evidence allowed

Question 24

word association test

Answer 24

to investigate the nature of associations in the mind, involves responding to a stimuli word and then saying the first thing that comes to mind