test two Flashcards
what did people believe in before islam?
- the majority were idol worshipers
- changeable god
- Christians, Jews, and monotheists (Abrahamic faiths)
Arabia before islam/ politics
- Total absence of political organization (except Yemen)
- No written law
- Authority in the lands of the tribal chief
- More moral than political
- They were locked up in ceaseless warfare
Power is the law: no pity for the loser - The only protection was tribe and customs
Arabia before islam/ economy
- Trade
- Farming
- Slavery: which was an economic institution of the Arabs
- Pilgrimage
- Warfare
arabs before Islam : women
- No rights for women
- Except for some very powerful women
- Prostitution
- A pregnant prostitute ( would pick who the father is and he can not deny it)
- Pologyamy
- Inheritance of women (men inherit women from fathers or brothers/ can have them as wives or free them/ they become his property)
- Infanticide (wa’d)
how did Islam challenge Arabs?
- Unifying people
- Challenge idol worship (only one vs numerous gods)
- Social justice (all people are equal)
Called for the rights of women and slaves - inheritance: regulate
- called for freeing slaves
- Stopped power/ authority abuse
- Promise of Paradise
Hard to accept
One god
Resurrection
Equality
How was Islam perceived by people outside Arabia?
Unity
Social justice: all people are equal
- Social Justice: all people are equal
- Peace:
- Dealing with natives vs old unjust regimes that people were
sick of - Laws of war: Only fighters bearing arms should be fought
- Religious and personal freedom: allowed Christians & Jews to be bound by their own rules
- Social services: Funds to be distributed to all
- No clergy: that people suffered from
Basic facts about Islam
- Islam means submission to
God. A Muslim is one who
submits to God. - Not named after a person or
tribe - Islam existed since the
beginning of time - The second-largest religion
and the fastest growing.
How is islam compared/contrasted to (Christianity)
- Muslims believe Islam is a complete way of life
- No separation between religion and politics
All people are equal - Innocence of humans at birth and until puberty
Jesus in Islam
- A prophet and a messenger
- Jesus is believed to have been born miraculously
- Spoke in the cradle, healed the sick, brought the dead back to life
- Jesus was not crucified or killed, but God raised him to the heavens. Jesus will return to the end times
Pillars of faith & Pillars of Practice (Islam)
- shahada
- Five daily prayers
- Fasting in the month of ramadan
- Zaka
- Hajj
what is salah and how does it affect daily lives?
- Prayer involves ablution, standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting posture
- Face Kaaba, prayers in Arabic as taught by the prophet
- A sign of unity: one movement, one focus, one chanting, one direction
- Regulate a Muslim day
- Controls meals, business hours, naps, visits
what is zakat?
- with a certain percentage of savings, farming, trading
- In Ramadan set amount per person
what is fasting?
- Daily; fasting from dawn to sunset for 29/30 days
- No food drinking, sex, fighting, cursing, backbiting
- 2 morals: self-control and feeding the needy
- Lifestyles and routine change significantly in the arab world
what is hajj?
- Pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime for able Muslims
- Rituals circulate around Ibrahim and his family not Mohammad
Two sources of rulings in Islam: Quran & Sunnah
- The Sunni is what the prophet did, instructed, or said
- The Sunnah is the second source of the law and guidance for Muslims after the Quran
Preservation of the Sunnah
How is the miracle of Mohammed and how is it different then the other miracles
- 23 years of revelations (610-632 C.E)
- The Quran kept the Qurayshi Arabic alive
- Meccan vs medinian chapters
- Memorized by Arabs and non-Arabs
what are the stages of arab immigration?
- early immigration
- second immigartion
- last wave
When did the early immigration start and what happened during it?
- Began in 1880s
- Mainly from Lebanon and syria
- 80% Christian faith/ 20% muslim faith
- Educated and entrepreneurs and followed by unskilled labor
- Most of them did not retain their cultural and religious traditions
When did the second immigration start and what happened during it?
- started 1946-1980
- came from Syria, Egypt, Palestine, and Lebanon
- came for Education, political reasons, economy
- Most were educated and professional
- Majority was Muslim faith
- retained their culture and religion
- Petitioned ( applied for papers) their family members
- Contributed to their back home families and hence their native countries’ economic improvements
- People who put the infrastructure for the community facilities
- They built Churches and mosques arab ones
- Organizations and schools all these for the arab identity in the United States
When did the last immigration start and what happened during it?
- 1990
- Increases of iraq, Egyptian and somali decadent
- After 2000 significant number of Mexicans immigrated to the US
- Due to political and economic unrest arab immigrants grew by 72% between 2000 and 2010
- many immigrants came from lebanon syria, palestine, and egypt
where do arab americans mainly live?
Arab Americans live mainly in Los angeles, Detroit, new york, Chicago, and Washington D.C
what state has the second largest population of arabs in
New jersey had the second largest after Michigan
Arab American education
- 85% with at least a high school diploma
- More than 4 out of 10 arab americans have a bachelor’s degree or higher ( higher than average americans)
- 17% have a post grad degree
what are some concerns of Arabs and why?
- discrimination in the U.S ( terrorism)
- Arab- Israeli conflict
The way the American society, politicians, media and/or law enforcement agencies view Arabs
- View them as dangerous
- extremists
- violent
- targeted at airports
how are Arabs portrayed in Hollywood?
- violent
- blood thirsty
- abusive
- terrorists
Why / what made movie industry target Arabs
- 9/11
- Iraqi war
Why/ What do they want to achieve
- villainize arabs
Current changes , what triggers those changes
Dr. Shaheen idea about the future
- believes that the narrative will change slowly over time
- Arabs will be humanized
what arguments do Muslims argue to support that Palestine is their land?
- promised to all Muslims
- place god chose for the prophet Mohammad to ascend to heaven
what argument do Jews make to prove that Palestine is their land?
jews argue that it is their promies land
what are the changes of control over the land of Palestine?
- British
- zionist jews
what are the important dates for Palestine?
- 1948 war
- 1967 war
- 1960 (settlements started)
who are the important leaders in Palestine?
- yaser arrafat
- PLO
when did the idea of a Jewish state come to be?
- 18th century Europe
who presented the idea of a Jewish state?
- zionist jews
how did the idea of a Jewish state come to be?
- zionists movement helped British government win World One and two
- zionists pressured Jews to move to Palestine to establish a “Jewish state”
How did the political situation in the world in general and in Europe contributed to the creation of Israel?
- Zionist helping British
- The British waited till the zionist movement was strong and withdrew from the state of Palestine
- west supported Zionism
Which countries played a role in the creation of the state of Israel in Palestine?
- Britain
- the west
what is the peace process?
- UN partition
- Oslo peace plan
what settlements were created?
- only Jews could live in the settlements
- Jews had one set of laws mad Palestinians had another set
what political arguments does Israel make?
- a land with no people to people with no land
what political argument does Palestine make?
- people were always there
- an independent nation that all religions lived in together
what is the UN partition?
- 55 percent of the land was given to the Jews and 45 was given to Palestinians
what was the Oslo peace plan?
- Palestinians get self-rule overcrowded cities
- negotiations for permit solutions to begin in 5 years (1993)
- PLO accepted about 22 percent of the historical section of Palestine to build their state on
what were the two stages of the Olso peace plan?
- Interim phase
- permanent phase
what is the major Christian sect in Palestine?
- orthodox and catholic
what is the major Christian sect in syria?
Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic
what is the major Christian sect in lebanon?
Maronites, Syrian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholic
what is the major Christian sect in jordan?
-Catholic, Oriental Orthodox, Greek Orthodox
what is the major Christian sect in egypt?
Coptic Orthodox
what is the major Christian sect in iraq?
christian
what do Druze believe in ?
- religion is more of a philosophy
- people learn nothing about their religion until they reach the age of 40
what is the book of the druze?
Kitab Al-Hikmah
what do Al-yazaydiya believe in?
It’s believed they are worshipers of Satan/the peacock of the angels.
what do Baha’is believe in?
there is no end to life
