test one Flashcards
what are the three main historic arab groups?
ancient arbs, pure Arabs, and Arabized Arabs
facts about ancient arabs
aka vanished arabs
- tribes such as “Ad and thamud’
- located in the north and east of Arabia
- believed to have antagonized god therefor disappeared
facts about pure arabs
- descendants of Qahtan and Adnan
- believed to be in South Arabia
- migrated from Yemen after the destruction of Ma’rib Dam
what is an arab person?
language is Arabic, living in Arabic speaking country, and has sympathy with the aspirations of the Arabic speaking people
facts about Arabized arabs
- descended from Ismael son of Abraham
- hybrid of pure Arabs and some non arabs
What are the Arab countries?
arab west
gulf
levant
Yemen land
Nile Valley
arab african
arab west- libya
Capital- tripoli
Independence- 1951 form italy
Political system- republican
Facts: gaddafi 1969- 2011
1 of the arab countries that had arab spring
Civil war since then
Oil rich country
Close to half ar berber
Muslims and small number of jews
gulf- saudi arabia
Capital: Riyad
Independence: 1927 from Britain
Political system: monarch/kingdom
Facts:
Home of most sacred places for muslims (makkah and madinah)
Largest oil-producing country
Saudi is the name of the royal family not the country
Original name: Hijaz
levant- palestine
Capital: Jerusalem
Interim capital: Ramallah
Independence: 1988, 2012
Political system: occupied/Palestinian authority
Facts:
Holy land for the 3 Abrahamic faiths
It has the oldest city in the world “Jericho”
Had not had independence for centuries
Believed to have a large influence on the politics in the whole Middle East
The name on the map continuously changes
Because of the occupation, most people live in exile
The biggest number is in Jordan and the largest number outside often the middle east in Chile
yenmen land- oman
Capital: muscat
Independence: the only arab country that was not occupied by either britain or france
Political system: monarch/sultante
Facts:
85 percent muslims, 6.5 christians, and 5.5 hindu
Majority are ibadi
Diverse population: arab
Nile valley - egypt
Capital: cairo
Independence: 1922 (deceleration by british) 1936
Political system: republican/ military government democratic military
Facts:
Had successful arab spring ( removed the arab regim)
Some political unrest
Used to be the unofficial political leader of the ara world
First and most dominant in music, movies, and entertainment
Most formal society, yet funny people
acient civilization “Pharaohs”
arab african- eritrea
Capital: Asmara
Independence: 1991 from Ethiopia
Political system: republican
Facts:
Half are Muslim and half are Christians
what countries had an arab spring?
- tunsia
- iraq
- jordan
- eygpt
- libya
What is the Arab League?
A unification of Arab states banding together to advance Middle Eastern cause
why was the arab league created?
to unite all arab countries politically
what do arabs think about the arab league?
that its a debating platform that achieves nothing
what countries had political unrest?
- Eygpt
- Tunisia
- Bahrain
- Lebanon
- Sudan
what are the three patters of living?
urban, rual, and bedouin
what is urban living?
Mainly residents of large cities
- Depends on business, employment, and trade
what is bedouin living?
- Constantly moving
- Live in mobile tents
- Depend on animals; especially goats, sheep, and camels
- No chickens and cows
what are the social classes?
upper class, middle class, and lower class
who is in the upper class?
- Royalty and/or political leaders’ families
- Large and influential families
- Some wealthy people (depending on tehri family background)
- Foreign residents ( due to their professional standing, education, nad/or income)
who is in the middle class?
- Government employees and military officers
- Teachers ( in some countries)
- Moderately prosperous
merchants and landowners - shops/small business owners
who is the lower class?
- Peasant farmers
- Urban and village poor
- Unskilled labor
when did the arabs become more religious?
1990s because many were becoming too westernized
when did arabs start to become westernized?
1980s
what religious rituals set food etiquette?
Fasting: type and time, apricots, and dates
Hajj: meat, diverse food in mecca
Zakat: fitr, eid, charty, udhiya ect.
Eid: meat, cookies
- Eating with their right hand
- Thanking god at the end of the meal
what are the key arab foods that the west took?
Coffee: arabs -> turks -> europe
Mocha: arabic drink began in yemen, common in egypt
Rice and biscuits: arabs -> Spain -> europe
Christmas cookies from fatimas: all people of all religions join and eat form holidays
Some spies: ziryab
Appetizers: mazzah
Sweet and sour from abbassids
Some western sweets still have some turkish names
what did arabs take from the west?
- tea
- simple recipes
what are the common foods in balad isham?
- hummus
- falafel
- shawarma
- grape leaves
- mansaf
what foods are common in arab west?
- Couscous
- Tajeen
- Seafood
Important and common
what foods are common in the gulf?
- Mainly rice and meat and rarely any vegetables
mainly desert land farm land isnt that good
what food is common in yemen land?
Mandi ( meat cooked underground)
Meat very common
what food is common in African arab countries?
Thieboudiene
- mainly rice
- little meat and vegetables
what is the signiifcance of the abaya for men?
- have leadership and honor position
- have wealth
famous arab women- Christine sfeir
- At the age of 22, she persuaded dunkin donuts to hand it over to the companies Lebanese
what are the periods that arab music went through?
- classical (end of 1970)
- hybrid (1980-1990)
- modern (21st century)
famous arab women - Tawakul karman
- Founder of “women journalists without chains”
- Recipient of Nobel prize for her activism in Yemen
how do arab christian women dress?
no hijab
- modestly
how do arab muslim women dress?
- hijab (depends on country)
- modestly
what is the main goal of the arab leauge?
facilitate maximum integration among their countries through coordination of their activities in the political sphere as well as in the fields of economics, social services, education, communications, development, technology and industrialization
what are some arab instruments?
- oud
- nay
- quanun
- rababah
- ad-def
what was the classical period?
- used arab instruments
- arab rhythm
- mainly poetry
- long songs
- carry a message
- big band
- dressed formally and modestly
what was the hybrid period?
mix of arab and western instruments
- mix of western and arab rythms
- shorter songs
- constructive meaning
- dress less formal but modesty
what is the modern period?
- west everything
- video clips
- dress casually
- short songs
- contradict arab values
- meaningless songs
singer from the classical period- Umm kulthum
(have to know her mentioned in the study guide)
- 1898-1975
- Internationally famous singer, songwriter, and actress
-Her songs were mostly about universal themes of love, longing, and loss
- “STAR OF THE EAST” more than 5 decades later, people still listen to her music
- Her father was an Imam, and she was believed that she memorized the whole quran
- Millions attend her funeral, more than the most popular arab president in the last 100 years president Abd El-Naser
classical period singer - Abdel haleem hafez (have to know him mentioned in study guide)
- 1929-1977
-King of arab music
his songs were to address egyptians daily life
- His album sold more after his death than any other arab artist then
- He never married
-He often helped the poor, built hospitals, and orphanages
-Females committed suicide after he died
classical period singer- Nahed hadaad (Fayrouz)
(have to know her mentioned in the study guide)
- Born 1935
- Lebanese singer
- Most widely respected living singer in the arab world
- refused to sing for any leader but sang for each country
- Most of her songs were associated with folklore dances
what countries wear traditional clothes?
- Comoros
- palestine
- jordan
- egypt
- sudan
- yemen
- morroco
hybrid period singer- Amr siab and kazem essahir
- In the 1980s
- A blend of western and arabic rhythms
- A blend of arab and western instruments
- On top of the arabic world in the 1980s and 90s
modern imitation period- Nancy ajram
- Born in 1983
- The youngest to win in the World Music Award
- Considered to be one of the most influential personalities in the arab countries
famous arab women- Hanan ashrawi
One of the first Palestinian legislative council
- Winner of Sydney peace prize
- From Ramallah
what are two countries in the arab african?
Somalia and Comoros
what is one country in nile valley?
egypt
what is one country in yemen land?
Yemen
what workforce have women participate in?
Bedouin: Preparing products, milking the herd
Rural- farmers; work side by side with men
Urban: teachers and nurses, government employees
what are the countries in the arab west?
Morocco and Libya
what are the two countries in the levant?
Palestine and Syria
what are the two countries in the gulf?
Iraq and Qatar
famous arab women that was not in presentation: Hanan Hroub
- Palestinian teacher
- emphasized how important it is for students to trust and understand their teachers
- received Nobel Prize for Teaching in 2016
famous arab women that was not in presentation: Linda Sarsour
- forefront of major civil rights campaigns
- working to build solidarity amongst American Muslim communities
- member of the Justice League NYC,
arab singer not mentioned: Mohammed Assaf
- 1989
- Palestinian singer
- won the second season of arab idol
- songs mainly about palestine and love
arab instrument not named
tar
what is rural living?
Mainly residents of villages and small towns
Depends on farming
