Test Two

Question 1

What are the types of motivational problems?

Answer 1

Burnout
Denial
Involuntary
Learned helplessness
Ambivalent
Energized but fragile

Question 2

How do you address burnout in clients?

Answer 2

Investigate reasons for previous failures

Question 3

How do you address denial in clients?

Answer 3

Provide educational information

Question 4

How do you address involuntary clients?

Answer 4

Empathy and exploring thoughts and feelings

Question 5

How do you address learned helplessness?

Answer 5

Increase locus of control (Pie graph strategy)

Question 6

How do you address ambivalence?

Answer 6

Explore mixed feelings

Question 7

How do you address an energized but fragile client?

Answer 7

Positive reinforcement and planning ahead for obstacles

Question 8

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 8

Helping clients get unstuck by using empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy.

Question 9

What is empowerment?

Answer 9

The process of helping a client discover personal strengths and capacities to take control of their lives.

Question 10

How do you develop discrepancy with a client?

Answer 10

Explore advantages and disadvantages of status quo vs change
Scaling questions
Elaboration skills
Querying extremes
Looking forward and back
Values vs current behaviour
Understanding ambivalence

Question 11

What are the two types of rolling with resistance?

Answer 11

Radical acceptance and amplified reflection.

Question 12

What is amplified reflection?

Answer 12

Exaggerating the client’s position so they can recognize the ambivalence

Question 13

What is radical acceptance?

Answer 13

Encouraging expression of statements even though you may not agree with it.

Question 14

What are some unhealthy thinking patterns?

Answer 14

Distortion
Selective Attention
Magnification/Minimization
Perfectionism
Self-defeating thoughts

Question 15

What techniques can help with unrealistic thinking?

Answer 15

Reframing
Challenging the thought

Question 16

What are some strength-based techniques?

Answer 16

Identifying prior success (coping questions)
Inquire about past help seeking
Ask directly about strengths
Ask indirectly
Relative influence questions (When you were managing well, what were you doing differently?)
Strength from adversity (validation)
Externalize the problem
Focus on the future

Question 17

How would you support self-efficacy? (self-determination)

Answer 17

Promote confidence
Identify past success
Review strengths and resources
Work on small goals
Affirm efforts

Question 18

What is reframing?

Answer 18

When you attempt to help the client look at things differently. Validation is provided first, then you can reframe their issue.

Question 19

What is challenging the thought?

Answer 19

When you ask evaluation questions to increase flexibility in thinking.

Question 20

What are the principles of effective goals (SMART goals)?

Answer 20

Concrete
Measurable
Challenging but realistic
Under the clients control

Question 21

What are some examples of distortion?

Answer 21

Misinterpretations, faulty assumptions, cultural bias.

Question 22

What is selective attention?

Answer 22

Failure to look at all aspects of the problem.

Question 23

What is magnification/minimization?

Answer 23

Extreme and exaggerated thinking.

Question 24

What is perfectionism?

Answer 24

Unrealistic high standards.

Question 25

What are self-defeating thoughts?

Answer 25

Irrational ideas about one’s weaknesses

Question 26

When should you use brief counselling?

Answer 26

When a client already has a supply of resources or is struggling with anxiety, depression, or a situational problem.

Question 27

What is brief counselling?

Answer 27

An action-oriented approach that is beneficial for clients with specific, concrete problems

Question 28

What are the brief counselling techniques?

Answer 28

Focus on expectations
Use solution talk (What will it take to get you back on track?)
Miracle question
Reframing
Using language to create expectations for change (Talk as though its going to happen)
Praise
The change continuum

Question 29

Why is empathy so important?

Answer 29

Empathy encourages discussion of feelings and many problems are feeling-based.

Question 30

What are the three types of empathy?

Answer 30

Basic empathy
Inferred empathy
Invitational empathy

Question 31

What is basic empathy?

Answer 31

A response to clearly articulated feelings

Question 32

What is invitational empathy?

Answer 32

Used to motivate or encourage clients to talk about their feelings

Question 33

What is inferred empathy?

Answer 33

A response to nonverbal cues and other indicators of feelings.

Question 34

What is sympathy?

Answer 34

A response that includes our own emotional reactions

Question 35

What is empathy?

Answer 35

Understanding the emotional perspective of the client and communicating that understanding.

Question 36

What is appropriate empathy?

Answer 36

Includes validation, normalizing, and mentioning the feelings of the client

Question 37

What is inappropriate empathy?

Answer 37

Subject shift
Sympathy
Failure to identify feelings

Question 38

What is ambivalence?

Answer 38

Mixed or conflicting feelings at the same time about the same issue.

Question 39

When do we use empathy?

Answer 39

When clients share feelings
When we want to create safety

Question 40

What is a natural transition?

Answer 40

The topic change happens naturally since it is prompted by the client.

Question 41

What is a strategic transition?

Answer 41

Counsellors make choices among topic alternatives (when the client shares many problems at once)

Question 42

What is a control transition?

Answer 42

Managing timing and pacing of topics.

Question 43

What is a phase transition?

Answer 43

When you realize enough time has been spent on relationship building and introductions and it is now time to move on to the next phase of counselling.

Question 44

What is a linking transition?

Answer 44

Joining themes together.