Test Two Flashcards
What are the types of motivational problems?
Burnout
Denial
Involuntary
Learned helplessness
Ambivalent
Energized but fragile
How do you address burnout in clients?
Investigate reasons for previous failures
How do you address denial in clients?
Provide educational information
How do you address involuntary clients?
Empathy and exploring thoughts and feelings
How do you address learned helplessness?
Increase locus of control (Pie graph strategy)
How do you address ambivalence?
Explore mixed feelings
How do you address an energized but fragile client?
Positive reinforcement and planning ahead for obstacles
What is motivational interviewing?
Helping clients get unstuck by using empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy.
What is empowerment?
The process of helping a client discover personal strengths and capacities to take control of their lives.
How do you develop discrepancy with a client?
Explore advantages and disadvantages of status quo vs change
Scaling questions
Elaboration skills
Querying extremes
Looking forward and back
Values vs current behaviour
Understanding ambivalence
What are the two types of rolling with resistance?
Radical acceptance and amplified reflection.
What is amplified reflection?
Exaggerating the client’s position so they can recognize the ambivalence
What is radical acceptance?
Encouraging expression of statements even though you may not agree with it.
What are some unhealthy thinking patterns?
Distortion
Selective Attention
Magnification/Minimization
Perfectionism
Self-defeating thoughts
What techniques can help with unrealistic thinking?
Reframing
Challenging the thought
What are some strength-based techniques?
Identifying prior success (coping questions)
Inquire about past help seeking
Ask directly about strengths
Ask indirectly
Relative influence questions (When you were managing well, what were you doing differently?)
Strength from adversity (validation)
Externalize the problem
Focus on the future
How would you support self-efficacy? (self-determination)
Promote confidence
Identify past success
Review strengths and resources
Work on small goals
Affirm efforts
What is reframing?
When you attempt to help the client look at things differently. Validation is provided first, then you can reframe their issue.
What is challenging the thought?
When you ask evaluation questions to increase flexibility in thinking.
What are the principles of effective goals (SMART goals)?
Concrete
Measurable
Challenging but realistic
Under the clients control
What are some examples of distortion?
Misinterpretations, faulty assumptions, cultural bias.
What is selective attention?
Failure to look at all aspects of the problem.
What is magnification/minimization?
Extreme and exaggerated thinking.
What is perfectionism?
Unrealistic high standards.
What are self-defeating thoughts?
Irrational ideas about one’s weaknesses
When should you use brief counselling?
When a client already has a supply of resources or is struggling with anxiety, depression, or a situational problem.
What is brief counselling?
An action-oriented approach that is beneficial for clients with specific, concrete problems
What are the brief counselling techniques?
Focus on expectations
Use solution talk (What will it take to get you back on track?)
Miracle question
Reframing
Using language to create expectations for change (Talk as though its going to happen)
Praise
The change continuum
Why is empathy so important?
Empathy encourages discussion of feelings and many problems are feeling-based.
What are the three types of empathy?
Basic empathy
Inferred empathy
Invitational empathy
What is basic empathy?
A response to clearly articulated feelings
What is invitational empathy?
Used to motivate or encourage clients to talk about their feelings
What is inferred empathy?
A response to nonverbal cues and other indicators of feelings.
What is sympathy?
A response that includes our own emotional reactions
What is empathy?
Understanding the emotional perspective of the client and communicating that understanding.
What is appropriate empathy?
Includes validation, normalizing, and mentioning the feelings of the client
What is inappropriate empathy?
Subject shift
Sympathy
Failure to identify feelings
What is ambivalence?
Mixed or conflicting feelings at the same time about the same issue.
When do we use empathy?
When clients share feelings
When we want to create safety
What is a natural transition?
The topic change happens naturally since it is prompted by the client.
What is a strategic transition?
Counsellors make choices among topic alternatives (when the client shares many problems at once)
What is a control transition?
Managing timing and pacing of topics.
What is a phase transition?
When you realize enough time has been spent on relationship building and introductions and it is now time to move on to the next phase of counselling.
What is a linking transition?
Joining themes together.
