Test topics (reviewed)

Question 1

What is the main UNIX shell created?

Answer 1

Bourne Shell

Question 2

Who created the “main” UNIX shell?

Answer 2

The Bourne shell was written by Stephen Bourne

Question 3

There are 3 types of shell. What are they?

Answer 3

1. Login shell
2. Interactive shell
3. 3. Non-interactive shell

Question 4

What is “the kernel”?

Answer 4

This is the software that acts as the brain in Linux. It controls the hardware, which is then able to interact with applications.

Question 5

What is a bootloader?

Answer 5

Is a program that boots the operation system. Examples of boot loader and GRUB and ISOLINUX.

Question 6

What is a command line interface?

Answer 6

Command line is and interface for typing commands on top of O.S.

Question 7

What is a daemon?

Answer 7

is a Linux or UNIX program that runs in the background.

Question 8

What is a systemcall?

Answer 8

Systemcall - the fundamental interface between an application and the Linux kernel (OS).

Question 9

For systemcalls, what number is associated with read?

Question 10

For systemcalls, what number is associated with write?

Question 11

For systemcalls, what is 96?

Question 12

What does 96 do?

Question 13

Is User mode or Kernel mode “more privileged”?

Question 14

Which mode (User / Kernel) provides unrestricted access?

Question 15

Is the “kernel” a process?

Question 16

In Linux, how is a “process” defined?

Question 17

Name the 4 common device drivers.

Answer 17

1. Character
2. Block
3. Network
4. USB Drivers

Question 18

What do device drivers do?

Question 19

What does a systemcall do?

Question 20

What does the strace command do?

Question 21

What does every process have?

(hint: identifier type)

Answer 21

PID

(process ID)

Question 22

In Linux, what assigns the PID to a process?

Answer 22

the Kernel

Question 23

What directory “typically” goes first; ie, if there are files being run, where is the first place those files go?

Question 24

What is an “alias”?

Answer 25

Question 26

Where would a User/Admin go to set or change up aliases?

Question 27

What are environmental variables?

Question 28

How many common environmental variables are there?

Question 29

List the 4 common environmental variables.

Question 30

What does SFTP do?

Question 31

Does SFTP transfer files securely?

Question 32

How does SFTP ensure files are transferred securely.

Question 33

If using FTP, what can be used in order to also transfer files securely?

Answer 33

SSH

Question 34

What does FTP stand for?

Question 35

What are the 3 basic **types** of Linux accounts? (KNOW THESE 3)

Answer 35

1. Administrator 2. Regular 3. Service

Question 36

Out of the 3 Linux account types, which is most privileged?

Answer 36

Administrator

Question 37

Where are passwords stored? (WE WILL KNOW IT IS ONE OF THESE TWO) /etc/shadow /etc/passwd

Answer 37

/etc/shadow OR /etc/passwd