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Beh Analysis > Test three > Flashcards

Test three Flashcards

1
Q

Punisher

A

a contingent consequence that decreases the future probability of a behavior below its pre-punishment level

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2
Q

Punishment

A

the process or procedure whereby a punisher decreases the future probability of an operant response

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3
Q

Positive Punishment

A

the contingent presentation of a consequence that decreases the future probability of the behavior below its no-punishment level

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4
Q

Negative Punishment

A

the contingent removal, reduction, or prevention of a reinforcer: the effect of which decreases the future probability of the behavior before its no-punishment level

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5
Q

six characteristics of effective punishment

A
  1. focus on reinforcement first
  2. combine punishment with extinction and/or differential reinforcement
  3. deliver punishers immediately
  4. deliver punishment contingently
  5. punish every time
  6. use a punisher in the goldilocks zone
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6
Q

Primary Punisher

A

a contingent consequence that functions as a punisher because, in the evolutionary past of the species, this consequence decreased the chances of survival

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7
Q

Conditioned Punisher

A

a contigent consequence that signals a delay reduction to a backup punisher

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8
Q

Timeout from positive reinforcement

A

a signaled response-contigent suspension of a positive-reinforcement contingency, the effect of which decreases the future likelihood of a problem behavior

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9
Q

Response cost punishers

A

negative punishers that involove the removal or reduction of a reinforcer

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10
Q

Mentalistic expressions of behavior

A

such explanations put the cause of behavior in the individuals vaguely defined “mind”

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11
Q

Motivation Operation (MO)

A

an environmental and or biological event that (1) temporarily alters the value of a specific reinforcer anfd (2) increases/decreases the probabilityu of behaviors yielding that reinforcer

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12
Q

establishing Operation (EO)

A

an environmental and/or biological event that (1) temporarily increases the value of a specific reinforcer and (2) increases operant behaviors that produce the reinforcer

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13
Q

Preference Hierarchy

A

a list of stimuli rank-ordered from most to least preferred

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14
Q

four dimensions of effeective reinforcers a

A

contingency, size, quality, and immediacy

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15
Q

Habits

A

operant behavior that (1) is evoked by antecedent stimuli and (2) persists despite the imposition of an AO

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16
Q

Discriminated operant behavior

A

OB that is systematically influenced by antecedent stimuli

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17
Q

Discriminative Stimulus (S^D)

A

antecedent stimulus that can evoke a specific operant response because the individual has learned that when SD is present, that response will be reinforced

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18
Q

S^∆

A

an antecedent stimulus that decreases a sspecific operant response becauses the individual has learned that when the S^∆ is present, that response will not be reinforced (extinction)

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19
Q

S^DP

A

an antecedent stimulus that decreases a specific operant response because the individual has learned that when the S^DP is present, that response will be punished

20
Q

Three-term Contingency

A

functional relation between antecedent, behavior, and consequence

21
Q

discrimination training

A

procedure in which an operant response is reinforced in the presence of an S^D and extinguished in the presence of an S^∆

22
Q

Generalization

A

novel stimulus resembling the S^D evokes the response, despite that response never having been reinforced in the presence of that novel stimulus

23
Q

Stimulus response chain

A

fixed sequence of operant responses, each evoked by a response-produced S^D

24
Q

task analysis (teaching response chain)

A

precise specification of the sequence of antecedents, responses, and consequences that comprise a stimulus-response chain

25
Q

backwards chaining

A

the final link in the stimulus-response chain is taught first and then added in reverse order

26
Q

Forward chaining

A

teaching links in the order they will need to be emitted

27
Q

prompt

A

an antecedent stimulus that facilitates or guides the desired response when it is not happening under appropriate discriminative-stimulus control

28
Q

Fading

A

gradual removal of a prompt as the response is increasingly emitted under discriminative stimulus control

29
Q

Choice

A

voluntary behavior occuring in a context in which alternative behaviors are possible

30
Q

four variables affecting choice

A
  1. reinforcement vs no consequence
  2. reinforcer size/quality
  3. effort
  4. reinforcer delay
31
Q

substitute reinforcers

A

reinforcer that is increasingly consumed when access to another reinforcer is constrained

32
Q

Positively increase behavior using H law

A

increase R1, decrease R2

33
Q

decrease undesired behavior using H law

A

decreaase R2, increase R1

34
Q

Impulsive choice

A

picking smaller-sooner reward and foregoing the larger-later reward

35
Q

Self-control choice

A

choosing larger-later reward and foregoing the smaller-sooner reward

36
Q

Skinner functional taxonomy

A

Echoic, Mand, tact, and intraverbal

37
Q

Echoic

A

verbal operant in which the response resembles the verbal antecedent stimulus and is maintained with a variety of socially mediated reainforcers (repeat what someone else just said)

38
Q

Mand

A

verbal operant occasioned by an establishing operation and maintianed by the verbally specified reinforcer ( asking for something that will satisfy need)

39
Q

Tact

A

verbal operant occassioned by a nonverbal stimuluss and maintained by a variety of social reinforcers ( said in the presence of object)

40
Q

Intraverbal

A

verbal response occcasioned by verbal discriminative stimulus, but the form of the response does not resemble that stimulus; maintained by a variety of social reinforcers ( how are you; im good)

41
Q

equivalence

A

individual relates all of stimuli in many ways as equivalent to one another

42
Q

Rule governed behavior

A

behavior influenced by a verbal description of the operative three-term contingency

43
Q

Pliance

A

rule-governed behavior occuring because of socially mediated positive or negative reinforcers

44
Q

Tracking

A

rule following occurring because the inssstructions appear to correctly describe operant contingencies that operate in the world

45
Q

Acceptance

A

approaching the thought, so as to examine it flexibility, with a senses of curiousity

Beh Analysis (2 decks)

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