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test sinus rhythm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rate of a normal sinus rhythm?

A

60-100 bpm

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2
Q

Identify a rhythm using these criteria: regular rhythm, ventricular and atrial rates are 74 beats/minute, P wave precedes each QRS, PR interval and QRS duration within normal limits.

Multiple Choice

A

normal sinus rhythm

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3
Q

Which sinus rhythm has a rate of less than 60 beats per minute?

A

sinus braycardia

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4
Q

Which of the following are common symptoms of low cardiac output?

A

Shortness of breath, hypotension

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5
Q

A patient with sinus bradycardia may require what type of treatment?

A

Medication or a pacemaker

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6
Q

Which sinus rhythm has a rate of more than 100 beats per minute?

A

sinus trachycardia

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7
Q

Which of the following serves as the pacemaker in a normal heart?

Multiple Choice

A

SA node

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8
Q

Sinus tachycardia may be a normal finding in people as a result of:

A

exercise

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9
Q

Sinus tachycardia is considered serious or life-threatening in patients who have had a recent:

A

myocardial infraction

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10
Q

What symptom do patients with sinus tachycardia often complain of?

A

palpitations

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11
Q

Which rhythm shows an irregularity during inspiration and expiration?

A

sinus dysrhythmia

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12
Q

The condition in which stimulation of the vagus nerve causes changes in heart rate is known as:

A

vagal tone

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13
Q

In which dysrhythmia do the P-P and R-R intervals progressively widen, and then narrow, following the patient’s breathing pattern?

A

sinus dysrhythmia

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14
Q

In sinus dysrhythmia, if the heart rate decreases to 40 to 50 beats per minute, the patient may complain of:

A

palpitations, dizziness.

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15
Q

Which dysrhythmia occurs when the SA node stops firing, causing a pause in electrical activity?

A

sinus arrest

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16
Q

What must occur if sinus arrest exceeds 6 seconds?

A

Medical emergency procedures must be initiated.

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17
Q

Lack of blood supply to an area of tissue due to a blockage in the circulation to that area is known as:

A

ischemia

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18
Q

A condition in which the patient loses consciousness or faints is known as:

A

syncope

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19
Q

A condition in which no rhythm or electrical current travels through the cardiac conduction system is known as:

A

asystole

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20
Q

On the ECG tracing, what precedes and follows the sinus arrest period?

A

Complete cardiac complexes

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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of adequate cardiac output include:

A

an alert and oriented patient.

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22
Q

Which of the following is not characteristic of sinus tachycardia?

A

The QRS duration is between 0.10 and 0.16 second.

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23
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of sinus bradycardia?

Multiple Choice

A

The heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

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24
Q

Which of the following statements about sinus dysrhythmia is true?

A

The intervals between the P-P and R-R waves vary.

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25
Which of the following is a characteristic of sinus arrest?
The cardiac complexes before and after the sinus pause are usually regular.
26
In which rhythm does the SA node initiate an electrical impulse, but the impulse is not conducted to the atria?
Sinus exit block
27
Sinus exit block and sinus arrest result in similar ECG tracings. The distinguishing factor is that in sinus exit block, the:
pause duration is a multiple of the R-R or P-P interval.
28
Which of the following conditions may result in sinus exit block?
Acute myocardial infarction
29
What must you always check prior to performing any procedure on a patient?
The patient’s name and identification number
30
Why are lead II or a modified chest lead the preferred leads for continuous cardiac monitoring?
These leads provide the best ability to view the P wave.
31
Which one of these is not a commonly used method to calculate heart rates?
1-minute method
32
When the paper speed is 25 mm/sec, how many boxes are present in a 1-minute recording?
300 boxes per minute
33
When estimating the heart rate with the 6-second method, you locate 6 seconds on a rhythm strip, count the number of complexes, and multiply by:
10
34
Which heart rate method is the most accurate with regular rhythms?
1500 method
35
The term bradycardia means:
slow heart rate
36
The term tachycardia means:
fast heart rate
37
Unwanted marks on an ECG tracing that are not related to the heart's electrical activity are known as:
artifact
38
What is evaluated and classified when determining dysrhythmias?
Waves, segments, and intervals on the ECG tracing
39
QRS duration measurement is essential to determine the time it takes for:
ventricular depolarization.
40
The shape of the P wave is analyzed to determine whether:
all of the atrial current is moving in the same pathway.
41
The normal PR interval measurement is:
0.12 to 0.20 second.
42
The normal range for the QRS complex duration is:
0.06 to 0.10 second.
43
The QRS complex represents the time it takes for:
the ventricles to depolarize.
44
Measuring the PR interval requires the ECG technician to measure from the:
beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex
45
If you can't identify an R wave on the ECG tracing, which of the following wave(s) can you use to determine the regularity of the ventricles?
Q and S wave junction
46
In determining the type of ECG rhythm the patient has, the ECG technician evaluates the components of the ECG rhythm strip, including all of the following except:
U wave
47
If a QRS complex measures 0.12 second or wider, it most likely indicates:
delayed ventricular conduction.
48
The time from the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ventricular depolarization is shown on the ECG waveform as the:
PR interval
49
Depolarization of the cells causes the heart muscle to:
contract
50
The P wave represents:
atrial depolarization.
51
The T wave represents:
ventricular repolarization.
52
The state in which the inside of each heart cell is negatively charged and the outside is positively charged is:
polarization.
53
The rapid change in polarization that occurs when the electrical charge is reversed across the cell membrane so that the inside of each cell is positively charged is referred to as:
action potential
54
The state of cellular stimulation that precedes cardiac contraction is:
depolarization
55
The straight, horizontal line on an electrocardiogram that occurs when the tracing is at zero and no deflections are occurring is called the:
isoelectric line.
56
A complete ECG waveform is called a(n):
complex
57
The QRS complex on an ECG tracing represents:
ventricular depolarization and contraction.
58
On an ECG tracing, the period of time from the start of ventricular depolarization to the end of ventricular repolarization is the:
QT interval
59
The ST segment represents
the time between ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization.
60
The conduction of the electrical impulse through both ventricles appears on an ECG tracing as the:
s wave
61
A sudden loss of blood supply and oxygen to a region of heart tissue is known as:
ischemia
62
The first positive wave in a normal QRS complex is the R wave, which represents conduction of the electrical impulse: Multiple Choice
to the left ventricle
63
Ventricular repolarization is represented on the ECG tracing by the:
t wave
64
You are working in an outpatient facility that performs ECGs by appointment. You go to the lobby to call your next patient. The patient gets up and comes with you, but you notice that he is out of breath. When you ask, he tells you that he works only two blocks away, but he was held up at the office and had to run in order to make his appointment time. Which of the following is your best course of action?
Explain that you need to wait for his vital signs to return to normal before running the ECG.
65
The J point is the
junction of the QRS interval and the ST interval.
66
Which of the following is not included in the QT interval?
p wave
67
The rapid change in polarization is known as ________blank.
action potential
68
Repolarization of the cells causes the heart muscle to:
return to their resting phase
69
The QRS complex represents:
ventricular depolarization.
70
Which of the following is a sign of ischemia?
ST segment depression.
71
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is expanding and refilling, also known as the relaxation phase, is:
diastole
72
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart is pumping blood out to the body, also known as the contraction phase, is:
systole
73
What is the heart's response to stimulation of the vagus nerve?
it slows down
74
When the sympathetic branch of the ANS (automatic nervous system) is stimulated, the heart responds by:
speeding up
75
All of the following are criteria for classification of sinus tachycardia except
QRS Duration and Configuration: The QRS duration and configuration measurement will be between 0.10 and 0.25 second, which is within normal limits.
76
It is considered a medical emergency when sinus arrest reaches or exceeds:
six seconds.
77
When sinus arrest continues for 6 seconds or more, it is considered:
cardiac arrest
78
The ECG waveform has various components such as waves, segments, and intervals; when these components differ from the expected norm, this indicates:
dysrhythmia.
79
The ECG analysis consists of __________blank steps, which include evaluation of the following components of the ECG rhythm strips:
five; (1) rhythm or regularity, (2) rate, (3) P wave morphology, (4) PR interval, and (5) QRS duration and morphology.
80
What part of the ECG tracing represents the time from the start of the atrial activity to the start of ventricular activity?
PR interval
81
What part of the ECG tracing is measured from the end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave and is normally on the isoelectric line?
ST segment
82
What wave on the ECG tracing is not always seen and sometimes, when seen, can indicate an electrolyte imbalance?
U wave
83

Ekg (6 decks)

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