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Breast and Scrotal > Test Review > Flashcards

Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

The breast is sonographically divided into three

layers. Which one of the following is incorrect?
a. Skin, nipple, subareolar
b. Pectoralis major
c. Subcutaneous region
d. Parenchyma

A

B

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2
Q

The functional portion of the breast consists of _________ lobes.

A

15-20

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3
Q

Which one of the following form(s) a fibrous
“skeleton” that is responsible for maintaining the shape of the breast?
a. Acini
b. Cooper’s ligaments
c. Pectoralis major muscle
d. Glandular layer of the breast

A

B

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4
Q

As a woman ages, the glandular breast tissue is

replaced with?

A

Fat

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5
Q

Cooper’s ligaments are best characterized as
which one of the following?
a. Low reflectivity in the retromammary layer
b. High reflectivity in the retromammary layer
c. Echogenic line interfaces in the subcutaneous layer
d. Homogeneous reflections in the parenchyma

A

C

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6
Q 
The retromammary layer is sonographically
imaged as which one of the following?
a. Hyperechoic
b. Dense
c. Hypoechoic
d. High reflectivity
A

C

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7
Q

The most important signs to look for in determining a cystic lesion of the breast include all of the following except:

a. Well-defined borders
b. Good through transmission
c. Anechoic
d. Disruption of architecture

A

D

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8
Q

Clinical findings of lumpy, painful, tender breasts
that vary with monthly cycles usually represent which one of the following?
a. Carcinoma
b. Fibrocystic disease
c. Cysts
d. Adenomas

A

B

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9
Q

The characteristic findings of a papilloma of the
breast include all of the following except:
a. Well-circumscribed solid mass with microcalcifications
b. Sonolucent cystic lesions with a medium-level encapsulated component
c. Single or multiple
d. No disruption of architecture

A

A

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10
Q 
The most common solid benign tumor of the
breast is which one of the following?
a. Fibrocystic disease
b. Fibroadenoma
c. Papilloma
d. Lipoma
A

B

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11
Q

The most sonographic characteristic of a fibroadenoma is which one of the following?

a. Poorly defined border
b. Uniform, low-level homogeneous echoes
c. Increased through transmission
d. Disruption of architecture

A

B

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12
Q

Lymphatic drainage from all parts of the breast generally flows to the _____ lymph nodes.

a. interpectoral
b. axillary
c. supraclavicular
d. internal mammary

A

B

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13
Q

The most common malignant neoplasm of the breast is which one of the following?

a. Lobular carcinoma in situ
b. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)
c. Invasive lobular carcinoma
d. Ductal carcinoma in situs

A

B

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14
Q

Characteristic findings of breast carcinoma include all of the following except:

a. Attenuation of sound
b. Irregular margins
c. Strong posterior margin
d. Inhomogeneous low-level internal echo pattern with calcifications

A

C

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15
Q

Skin dimpling may be caused by which one of the
following?
a. Old age
b. Retraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration
c. Enlarged ducts
d. Thrombosis of arterial vessels

A

B

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16
Q 
The most common clinical sign of breast
carcinoma is which one of the following?
a. Skin dimpling
b. Skin discoloration
c. Palpable lump
d. Pain
A

C

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17
Q

The primary purpose of breast screening examinations is to:

a. Evaluate the retromammary region.
b. Provide a baseline study for fibrocystic disease.
c. Provide for early detection of breast carcinoma.
d. Evaluate dense breast parenchyma.

A

C

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18
Q

The midportion of the right medial and left lateral
breast would be annotated as which one of the following?
a. 3:00
b. 6:00
c. 9:00
d. 12:00

A

A

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19
Q

A normal extension of breast tissue into the \axillary region is called ______________.

a. Lobar neoplasm
b. Tail of Spence
c. Peau d’orange
d. Terminal ductal lobular unit

A

B

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20
Q

According to the American Cancer Society, all women should begin annual screening mammography and screening breast ultrasound at the age of _____ years.

a. 20
b. 30
c. 40
d. 50

A

C

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21
Q

Which one of the following arteries is responsible
for supplying blood to more than one half of the breast?
a. Intercostal
b. Thoracodorsal
c. Internal mammary
d. Lateral thoracic

A

C

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22
Q

A condition of the male breast in which the ducta
l elements hypertrophy is called ______________.
a. Mastitis
b. Galactocele
c. Gynecomastia
d. Paget’s disease

A

C

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23
Q

Signs of possible breast cancer include all the
following except:
a. Irregular or spiculated mammographic mass, solid on ultrasound
b. Clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications on mammogram, with or without any abnormality on ultrasound
c. Focal distortion on mammogram, and a correlating area of distortion on breast ultrasound
d. A smooth low-density mass, solid lesion that has not changed in over 3 years on ultrasound

A

D

24
Q

Ultrasound is often of benefit in guiding breast
procedures for all of the following except:
a. Cyst aspiration
b. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
c. Drainage procedures
d. Large-core needle biopsy of microcalcifications

A

D

25
Q

Which one of the following statements is false?

a. Breast ultrasound is the imaging tool of choice to evaluate a breast mass in a teenage girl.
b. Ultrasound of the breast is the primary imaging tool of choice in evaluating a breast mass in a pregnant woman.
c. Breast ultrasound is the primary imaging tool of choice in screening a 45-year-old woman for any evidence of possible breast cancer.
d. In the case of a benign fibroadenoma, the sonographic features of a smooth, sharply circumscribed hypoechoic mass with homogeneous echogenicity and a mild posterior acoustic enhancement will usually be seen.

A

C

26
Q

Ultrasound of the breast is often performed as an
adjunctive imaging tool in all of the following situations except:
a. To assess a smooth mammographic mass as cystic or solid
b. To further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with very dense breast tissue and a negative mammogram
c. To further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with breast implants
d. To further evaluate an asymptomatic patient with large fatty replaced breasts and a negative mammogram

A

D

27
Q

In the case of a cancerous mammographic mass,
the correlating sonographic mass will likely show which one of the following features?
a. Irregular margin and taller than wide
b. Anechoic
c. Irregular margin and wider than tall
d. Posterior acoustic enhancement

A

A

28
Q

In the case of a smooth mammographic mass that
is cystic, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show which one of the following features?
a. Irregular margin
b. Anechoic and posterior acoustic enhancement
c. Taller than wide
d. Echogenic and posterior acoustic enhancement

A

B

29
Q

The advantages of breast ultrasound over
mammography in evaluating the breast include all of the following except:
a. Limited radiation exposure to the patient
b. Differentiation of cystic versus solid smooth masses
c. More comfortable examination for the patient
d. Better visualization of juxtathoracic deep tissues

A

A

30
Q

The advantages of breast ultrasound over
mammography in evaluating the breast include which one of the following?
a. Can better visualize those often-obscure signs of breast cancer such as microcalcifications.
b. Can better visualize microcystic adenosis with layering milk of calcium and sclerosing adenosis, as well as variants of benign fibrocystic conditions that contain small calcifications as the principle mammographic finding that can be easily overlooked on routine mammographic images.
c. Can better discriminate Cooper’s ligaments within lumen of the small ducts of the terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs).
d. Can better evaluate those hard-to-reach places, such as parasternal tissues and axilla, not well seen on mammography.

A

D

31
Q

What are the 3 breast layers?

A
  1. Subcutaneous -fat and skin
  2. Mammary-glandular tissues, ducts and connective tissues.
  3. Retromammary- retromammary fat, muscle and deep conective tissue.
32
Q

The diameter of a varicocele measures more than ____ mm.

A

2

33
Q

The testes are covered by a fibrous capsule formed by the:

A

Tunica Albuginea

34
Q

The testes measure:

A

5x3x3

35
Q

Sonographic characteristics of the normal testis include a(n):

A

Homogeneous pattern with medium-level echoes

36
Q

A linear stripe of variable thickness and echogenicity running through the testis in a craniocaudal direction represents the:

A

Mediastinum Testis

37
Q

The epididymis is located ____ to the testis.

A

Superior and posterior

38
Q

Which one of the following facts about an undescended testis is false?

  • orginiate in peritonium and lower level kidney
  • 40-50% associated with cancer
  • increase infertility
  • found in the inguinal canal
A

found in the inguinal canal

39
Q

The most common a cause of acute scrotal pain in the adolescent is:

A

Torsion

40
Q

Common causes of a hydrocele include all of the following except:

A

microlithiasis

41
Q

Which one of the following statements about varicoceles is false:

A

more common on rt side

42
Q

A spermatocele is always located in which portion of the epididymis?

A

Head

43
Q

A common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults is:

A

Epididymal-orchitis

44
Q

Which one of the following almost always transpires secondary to epididymitis?

A

Orchitis

45
Q

Tubular ectasia of the rete testis is associated with a(n):

A

Epididymal Cyst

46
Q

A seminoma of the testicle generally appears on ultrasound as a(n) ____ mass.

A

Hypoechoic

47
Q

Epididymo-orchitis most commonly results from a:

A

Bladder Infection

48
Q

A clinical history of a vasectomy is associated with:

A

Sperm Granulomas

49
Q

The primary source of blood flow to the testicles is via the ____ arteries.

A

Testicular

50
Q

Intratesticular cysts have an association with:

A

Spermatoceles

51
Q

Microlithiasis of the testis is associated with a(n):

A

Malignant Neoplasm

52
Q

Follow-up examination of patients with microlithiasis is recommended:

A

Annually

53
Q

Attached at the superior pole of the testis between the epididymis and the testis is which one of the following?

A

Appendix Testis

54
Q

A hydrocele develops between the:

A

Parietal and visceral layesr of the tunica vaginalis

55
Q

A rete testis is located:

A

at the hilum of the testis

56
Q

Compared with the testis, the epididymis typically appears:

A

Hypoechoic

Breast and Scrotal (5 decks)

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