Test Review 3 Flashcards
1
Q
A. Philip Randolph
A
Civil Rights Movement: 1940 - 1960
- Leader of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
- Threatened FDR with a march on Washington
- The defense industries refused to hire African Americans and armed forces remained segregated
- Said if FDR stopped the discrimination march would be called off
- In exchange for calling off the march, FDR issued EO-8802 which banned racial and rligious discrimination in defense industries
- Early civil rights victory
2
Q
Double V Campaign
A
Civil Rights Movement: 1940 - 1960
- This was the campaign of black soldier to fight fascism abroad and discrimination at home
- Was the result of black soldiers going off to fight during WWII and coming home with high expectations for the kind of life that they wanted in the US
- One example of protest by black soldiers was to protest segregated soda fountains. Others protested segregated eating establishments
3
Q
Brown v. Board of Education
(????)
A
Civil Rights Movement: 1940 - 1960
Year: 1954
- Ruling brought the end to segregation in public schools
- Stated that “Seperate but equal” schools were unconstitutional
- It violated the 14th Amendment
4
Q
Southern Manifesto
(????)
A
Civil Rights Movement: 1940 - 1960
Year: 1956
- in this, southern leaders demonstrated massive resistance to the Brown v. Board decision
- Southerners were outraged because they believed they had the right to control their own school
- Claimed the ruling sowed the seeds of hatred
5
Q
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
A
Civil Rights Movement: 1940 - 1960
- A nonviolent group dedicated to racial equality
- Had many supporters in the North who paid for operations in the South
- Such as sit-ins, freedom rides, voter registration, and even the March on Washington DC in 63
6
Q
Civil Rights Act
(????)
A
Civil Rights Movement: 1940 - 1960
Year: 1964
- Most far-reaching piece of civil rights legislation passed in the 20th century
- The law prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, and national origin
- Prevented discrimination in public and private jobs
- As well as all public accommodations
7
Q
Voting Rights Act
(????)
A
Civil Rights Movement: 1940 - 1960
Year: 1965
- Did away with all restrictions to voting
- Law put teeth in the 15th Amendment
- This greatly increased voter participation by African Americans in the South
8
Q
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
A
Social Protest Movement of the 1960s
- Student Activist movement that was a main representaion of “the New Left”
- group who sought to implement a broad range of reforms on issues such as gay rights, abortion, gender roles, and drugs
9
Q
Port Huron Statement
A
Social Protest Movement of the 1960s
- Statement that says that children who grew up in that particular generation were told lots of things about the US that were lies
- One thing that these young adults believed was a lie, was that the US govt. was for the people by the people
- Ex: college students critized the way that blacks were treated
- Young adults critized the cold war and growing up in the feat of nuclear war
- College students also protested the theory of “in loco parentis”
- Idea that college official were too overbearing in their discipling of college students
10
Q
Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)
A
Social Protest Movement of the 1960s
- Began in 1960
- Group issued the Sharon Statement
- Group was on the “right” side of politics
- Concerned with communism in the 60s
11
Q
The Free Speech Movement
(????)
A
Social Protest Movement of the 1960s
Year: 1964
- Led by Mario Savio and began on the campus of UC Berkeley
- Started after another student was arrested for passing out literature about the civil rights movement
- Savio promoted respect and ideas of racial equality
- The FSM is considered a form of political protest
12
Q
Betty Friedan
A
Social Protest Movement of the 1960s
- She is associated with feminism
- She was not a radical feminist
- She is part of the movement that wanted positive change for American women
- She wrote The Feminine Mystique which was published in 1963. It was a huge bestseller
- She was the founder of The National Organization of Women
13
Q
The National Organization of Women (NOW)
A
Social Protest Movement of the 1960s
- Founded in 1966
- Used to fight discrimination against women
- particularly in the work place (unequal oppurtunty and pay)
- Huge supporters of the Equal Rights Amendment
14
Q
Ho Chi Minh
A
The Vietnam War
- He was the leader of North Vietnam
- Believed that Vietnam shold have been a united, independent country
- He was a nationalist and anti-colonialist
- He was communist, but did not practice same form of communism as that of the Soviet Union
- US did not make distinction between types of Communism at the time so He was considered an enemy for decades
15
Q
Body Count
A
The Vietnam War
- Total amount of people killed during an event (war)
- Used as the priciple measure of progress in the Vietnam war
- Land is usually used, but becuause the war was to preserve the South’s government. This was not the case
16
Q
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
(????)
A
The Vietnam War
Year: 1964
- Came about after US offcials claimed that a US warship was fired upon in the Gulf of Tonkin
- It was later discovered this never happened
- After the incident the US congress voted on a resolution that gave President Johnson (LBJ) a “blank check” to go to war with Vietnam
17
Q
Operation Rolling Thunder
A
The Vietnam War
- This was a bombign campaign that was suppsed to last for eight weeks
- lasted from 1965 - 1973
- More than 6 million tons of bombs were dropped on Vietnam
18
Q
The Conflict Between LBJ’s Great Society and the Vietnam War
A
The Vietnam War
- The Great Society was the major program of the Johnson administration
- ran from 1964 through 1967
- During the Great Society there were many laws that were pased that improved the lives of American Citizens
- Enviromental, educational, imigration and many other pieces of legislation were passed during this short amount of time
19
Q
The Kent State Shootings
A
The Vietnam War
Year: 1970
- National guards men, shot on protesting students at Kent State University
- Hit protestors, observors, and passerbys
- 4 killed, 9 injured
- Students were protesting the Cambodia Campaign
20
Q
Stagnation
A
The 1970s lead into 1980s Conservative Ascendancy
- Prolonged period of slow economic growth, ususally with high rates of unemployment
- First period of stagnation since the prosperity that had begun in the mid-40s due to WWII
21
Q
OPEC
A
The 1970s lead into 1980s Conservative Ascendancy
- Placed an oil Embargo on the US in 1973
- Led to increased prices and rationing of oil in the US
- This in turn caused a global economic recession
- OPEC nations found their oil could be used as a political as well as economic weapon against other nations
22
Q
Miliken v. Bradley
(????)
A
The 1970s lead into 1980s Conservative Ascendancy
Year: 1974
*
23
Q
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
A
The 1970s lead into 1980s Conservative Ascendancy
- The ERA was introduced in 1972
- worked like 14th amendment but focused on gender, rather than race
- It needed 3/4ths (38 of 50) states to ratify it to become law
- Fell short by 3 states
- The Roe v. Wade ruling and the sonservative activism of Phyllis Schlafly are two things that helped stop the momentum of the ERA
24
Q
Watergate
A
The 1970s lead into 1980s Conservative Ascendancy
- Scandal Involving the political wrong doings under the Nixon administration
- Led to Nixon resigning
- Successor Gerald Ford pardoned Nixon
- Led to a great distrust of the US govt by the US people
25
The Sunbelt
The 1970s lead into 1980s Conservative Ascendancy
* Region from Florida to California
* in the 70s and 80s a lot of political power shifted here
* Starting with the Nixon administration southern whites beame a decisive voting bloc
* A lot of businesses opened in the Sunbelt because of lower taxes and weak union participation in the region
