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History 1302 > Test Review 1 > Flashcards

Test Review 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

The Freedman Bureau Act

A

Emancipation to Reconstruction

Year: 1866

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1
Q

13th Amendment

A

Emancipation to Reconstruction

Year: 1865

  • Made Slavery Illegal
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2
Q

The Freeman’s Bureau

A

Emancipation to Reconstruction

  • Established an agency to help newly freed slaves after the civil war
  • Was undermined by the black codes set in the south
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3
Q

14th Amendment

A

Emancipation to Reconstruction

Year: 1868

  • Ratified July 28, 1868
  • Native born individuals are citizens
  • Defined who could vote: 21yo males
  • Expands meaning of freedom through the “equal protection clause”
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4
Q

15th Amendment

A

Emancipation to Reconstruction

Year: 1870

  • Gave African-American males the right to vote
  • Prohibts states or national government from denying a citizen the right to vote on the basis of “race, color, or previous contition of servitude”
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5
Q

The Compromise of 1877

A

Emancipation to Reconstruction

  • Settled the presidential election of 1876
  • Pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South
  • Ended the Reconstuction Era
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6
Q

The Treaty of Hidalgo

A

Westward Expansion and the Capitalist Transformation of the West

  • Brought an official end to the Mexican-American war 1846-1848
  • Mexico ceded to the United States Upper California and New Mexico
  • Mexico relinquished all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as the southern boundary with the United States
  • The US payed $150,000 for the cession
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7
Q

Promontory Point Utah

A

Westward Expansion and the Capitalist Transformation of the West

  • Location where the first Transcontinental Railway was completed
  • Finished using a golden spike
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8
Q

Homestead Act

A

Westward Expansion and the Capitalist Transformation of the West

Year: 1862

  • Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S. government (including freed slaves and women), was 21 years or older, or the head of a family, could file an application to claim a federal land grant
  • Land was 160 acres and had to be settled for 5 years
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9
Q

Dawes Severalty Act

A

Westward Expansion and the Capitalist Transformation of the West

Year: 1887

  • authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship
  • used to stimulate assimilation of Indians into mainstream American society
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10
Q

Extractive Economy

A

Westward Expansion and the Capitalist Transformation of the West

  • An economy based on extracting resources from the land and selling it somewhere else
  • The resources are sold where manufacturing occurs
  • place where resources are taken from are called colonial economy
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12
Q

Frederick W. Taylor

A

Industrialization and Corporate Reconstruction

  • He changed how people worked and thought about work
  • He is often associtated with Scientific Management (Taylorism)
  • He is associated with the piece-work system which was thought to be more efficient than the hourly system
  • He believed that every human variable in the piece system had to be controlled in orer to be efficient
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13
Q

Scientific Management (Taylorism)

A

Industrialization and Corporate Reconstruction

  • theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering ofprocesses and to management.
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14
Q

Vertical Integration

A

Industrialization and Corporate Reconstruction

  • The supply chain of a company is owned by that company.
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15
Q

Horizontal Combination

A

Industrialization and Corporate Reconstruction

  • When a business gains control of the market for a single product
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16
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

Industrialization and Corporate Reconstruction

  • economy is free from government interference
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17
Q

Slaughter House Case

A

Industrialization and Corporate Reconstruction

Year: 1873

  • ruled that a citizen’s “privileges and immunities,” as protected by the Constitution’s Fourteenth Amendment against the states, were limited to those spelled out in the Constitution and did not include many rights given by the individual states
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18
Q

The Gospel of Wealth

A

Middle-Class Life and the Gospel of Wealth

  • The term refers to the zeal to make money
  • Men who adhered to this were protestants who believed in the protestant work ethic
  • The Gospel of Wealth is also tied to Darwin’s “Survival of the Fittest”
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19
Q

The Bradley-Martin Ball

A

Middle-Class Life and the Gospel of Wealth

Year: 1897

  • Ball held to be the “greatest party in the history of the city”
  • designed to bring an economic stimulus to end the long depression
  • The ball was a social triumph, but created negative publicity
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20
Q

Conspicuous Consumption of the Gilded Age

A

Middle-Class Life and the Gospel of Wealth

  • The era in which the rich made huge displays of their wealth by buying fancy homes, for the sake of keeping status and prestige
21
Q

The Rise of the Department Store

A

Middle-Class Life and the Gospel of Wealth

*

22
Q

John D. Rockefeller, Sr.

A

Middle-Class Life and the Gospel of Wealth

  • “Filthy rich robber baron”
  • He owned 90% of the nation’s oil refining industry
  • Rockefeller and Standard Oil is an example of horizontal combination (Monopoly)
23
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

Middle-Class Life and the Gospel of Wealth

  • Industrialist in the steel industry
  • One of the largest philanthropist in his era
  • Said the rich should use their wealth to improve society
24
Q

Russell Conwell

A

Middle-Class Life and the Gospel of Wealth

  • Baptist minister and Philantropist
  • Founded Temple University
  • Inspirational lecutre *Acres of Diamonds *where he claims one does not need to look outside his own community to find oppurtunity, fortune, and achievement
25
Q

Knights of Labor

A

Challenges to Industrialization and the New Immigration

  • labor organization that promoted social and cultural uplift of the working man.
  • Rejected socialism and radicalism
  • demanded an eight-hour work day
  • In some cases acted as a labor union
26
Q

Terrence V. Powderly

A

Challenges to Industrialization and the New Immigration

  • leader of Knights of Labor
  • he tried to uplift workers and downplay strikes
  • was against immigrants as he believed they took away jobs for american citizens
27
Q

The Great Upheaval of 1886

A

Challenges to Industrialization and the New Immigration

  • began after railroad workers recieved a second pay cut in 8 months
  • The kept trains from leaving the station until their demands were met
  • US National army was required to finally move trains out of station
  • Helped prevent future paycuts for fear of strikes
28
Q

Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives

A

Challenges to Industrialization and the New Immigration

  • Published How the Other Half Lives (1890)
  • It was an expose on how the por and immigrants lived in New York
  • His book included a lot of photographs along with analysis
  • The book was a huge success
29
Q

Jurgis Rudkus

A

Challenges to Industrialization and the New Immigration

  • Main character of the book *The Jungle * by Upton Sinclair
  • He is a low/working class immigrate in the US
  • The book depicts the low safety standards of many workplaces, harsh living quality, and lack of social support of the working class living in poverty
30
Q

Americanization

A

Challenges to Industrialization and the New Immigration

  • the process of an immigrant to the United States of America becoming a person who shares American values, beliefs and customs and is assimilated into American society. This process typically involves learning English and adjusting to American culture, and customs, while keeping the old foods and religion.
31
Q

The Spanish-American War

A

The Culture of Imperialism and Empire Abroad

  • Originated in Cuba’s struggle to gain independence from Spain
  • After Spain’s defeated they gave Cuba its freedom, ceeded Gaum and Peurto Rico, and gave the Phlippines to the US for $20,000,000
  • Marked the end of Spain’s colonialization and made the US a world super power
32
Q

The White Man’s Burden

A

The Culture of Imperialism and Empire Abroad

33
Q

Alfred T. Mahan - The New Navy

A

The Culture of Imperialism and Empire Abroad

  • Author of The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890)
  • Influential book stressed the historical importance of naval power on empire
  • He helped foreign policy imperialists articulate what they wanted to do
34
Q

The Open Door Policy

A

The Culture of Imperialism and Empire Abroad

  • policy proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis; thus, no international power would have total control of the country. The policy called upon foreign powers, within their spheres of influence, to refrain from interfering with any treaty portor any vested interest, to permit Chinese authorities to collect tariffs on an equal basis, and to show no favors to their own nationals in the matter of harbor dues or railroad charges.
35
Q

Settlement House Movement

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

Grassroots:

  • socialist movement to get the poor and rich living closer together in interdependent communities
  • Settlement houses were houses that volunteer middleclass people could work.
    • Helped provide daycare and education services to the poor as well as healthcare to improve their lives
36
Q

Muckraking

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

Grassroots:

  • These are the individual who did the Muckraking
  • Journalists and writers wo wanted to draw attention to the troubles in American society
  • Muckraking magazines sold very well
    • Bought by college educated individual
  • Ex: Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, and Jacob Riis
37
Q

Temperance

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

Grassroots:

  • Social movement advocating stopping the consumption of alcohol
38
Q

President Roosevelt

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level \

National:

  • He set out as a trust buster to dissolve companys who had a stranglehold on the market (monopoly)
  • argued that it wasnt fair for the rich to live so extragagently while the poor suffer
  • believed this would only lead to a rebellion
  • attacked J. P. Morgan and his Northern Securities railroad company and won
39
Q

Presidential Election of 1912

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

National:

  • Rare four way ballot
    • Dem. Wilson; Reb. Taft; Pro: Roosevelt; Soc: Debs
  • Wilson wins with Roosevelt in second
  • first and last time a progressive will place second in the ballot and electoral college
40
Q

Jane Addams

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

National:

  • She was a pionner social worker and leader of women’s suffrage
  • Helped turn America’s attention to the needs of mothers
  • Argued that if women were responsible for cleaning up their communities they needed the right to vote
  • First American woman to win the Noble Peace Prize and is recognized as the founder of social work profession in the US
41
Q

Hull House

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

National:

  • settlement house that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Located in Chicago, Illinois
  • Hull House became the standard bearer for the movement
    • had a summer camp and country club to promote social, education, and artistic programs
42
Q

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

National:

  • Women led movement to stop sale and consumption of alcohol as it brought increased risk of domestic violence and wasted limited resources
  • Took on other issues such as women’s suffrage
  • Helped pave way for the 18th amendment
43
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

Year: 1890

National:

  • Prohibits certain business activities the government deems “anti-competitive”
  • Requires the government to investigate and pursue trusts
  • Widely used on monopolies
44
Q

Northern Securities Commission

A

Progressivism on the Grassroots and National Level

National:

  • Railroad trust held by the likes of J. P. Morgan and John D. Rockefeller
  • One of the first companys hit by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
45
Q

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

A

World War I and Domestic Conflict

  • Government agency used as a propaganda machine
  • Trying to draw interest in World War I to the American people
  • Used facts but spun it to make the war seem upbeat
46
Q

Espionage Act

A

World War I and Domestic Conflict

Year: 1917 (June)

  • Passed shortly after US enters WWI
  • Prohibits to interfere with military operation
  • To prevent military insubordination and support US enemies
47
Q

Sedition Act

A

World War I and Domestic Conflict

Year: 1918 (May)

  • Cast the Espionage Act in a wider arc
  • Could not speak or express the governments war efforts in a negative light or interfered with the sale of government bonds
48
Q

National Origins Act

A

World War I and Domestic Conflict

Year: 1924

  • This legislation was introduced to cut-off immigration to the US from southern and eastern Europe
  • The act said that US could allow a certain percentage of immigrants fro certain countries, but this was based on the census of 1890

History 1302 (3 decks)

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