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Criminal Justice > Test/ Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Test/ Quiz Questions Flashcards

0
Q

The written statement of the essential facts of the offense charges against the accused and issues by a grand jury is known as ______

A

Indictment

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1
Q

Information that would lead a person to believe that another has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime is known as_____

A

Probable cause

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2
Q

At which stage of the criminal justice process is the accused informed of the charges, his or her rights, & asked to enter a plea to the charges?

A

The arraignment

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3
Q

The doctrine of ________ binds court of equal or lesser levels within a jurisdiction to the principles established by higher appellate courts within the same jurisdiction

A

Stare decisis

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4
Q

________ means that after hearing all the evidence in a trial the jurors do not possess an overwhelming belief that the charges against the defendant are true

A

Reasonable doubt

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5
Q

The US legal system is designed to punish offenders who possess the intent to commit a crime, known as

A

Mens rea

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6
Q

________ are considered less serious offenses and can be punished by less than one year incarceration in jail

A

misdemeanors

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7
Q

Who determines if formal charges will be filed with the court

A

The prosecutor

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8
Q

The code Hammurabi sets out crimes and punishments based on the philosophy of

A

Lex talionis

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9
Q

_______ establishes the procedures and mechanisms of processing criminal cases

A

Procedural law

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10
Q

The accused admits shooting his neighbor but says it was self-defense is what kind of a defense

A

Affirmative

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11
Q

An undercover police officer persuades A reluctant individual to help him steal a car illustrates the concept of

A

Entrapment

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12
Q

A juvenile is frustrated because he cannot afford to buy the new iPad all the kids have is and example of what

A

Strain

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13
Q

Lombroso use the term ______ to describe characteristics of offenders, such as a slanting forehead, excessively long arms, recessed eyes, and the presence of tattoos

A

Atavistic

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14
Q

True or false.
If the grand jury finds sufficient evidence to bind a criminal case over for trial, it will issue an information to the court, a written statement of essential facts of the offense charged against the accused

A

False

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15
Q

True or false. At the Preliminary hearing, the accused is informed of the charges, advanced for his or her rights, and asked to enter a plea.

A

False

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16
Q

True Or false. The doctrine of stair decisis states that once the court has established a principle of law, it will apply to all future cases where the facts are substantially the same

A

True

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17
Q

True or false. The major difference between civil and criminal matters is the penalty

A

True

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18
Q

True or false. State constitutions may give less protection and rights than the federal Constitution, but they cannot give more

A

False

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19
Q

True or false. Ones and tight while committing a crime is usually easy to establish

A

False

20
Q

True or false. Other than some specific exceptions, the government has only one attempt to obtain a conviction, if the defendant is acquitted, he or she may not be retried

A

True

21
Q

True or false. One of the principles of classical criminology is that the criminal justice system should be predictable, where the citizens know the laws and there punishments

A

true

22
Q

Sutherland’s research indicated that intelligence was not a predictor of crime

A

True

23
Q

True or false. Merton claimed that when social rules are overly structured and strict, people will feel frustration and act out and criminal ways

A

False

24
Q

Define crime

A
  1. Voluntary
  2. Defense
  3. Harm
  4. State law
  5. Penilty
25
Q

According to the biological theories, what causes crime

A

Born with it or something you put inside of your body

26
Q

Which theory provides the foundation for ther US justice system

A

The classical theory

27
Q

Law that established all of the mechanisms for processing cases through the criminal justice system is known as

A

Procedural law

28
Q

The prosecutor must prove what two elements beyond a reasonable doubt?

A

Mens rea & actus reus

29
Q

Accidental killing, such as when a patents runs over an unseen toddler in the driveway behind the car is not considered as _________

A

Criminal in nature

30
Q

An individual cannot be prosecuted for the same offense more than once is a right guaranteed by which amendment

A

The fifth amendment

31
Q

True or false.

Ordinances are laws enacted by the congress while statutes are laws enacted by state legislatures

A

False

32
Q

True or false.

The insanity is raised in less than one percent of felony cases and is successful in only a fraction of those

A

True

33
Q

Which theorist argued that offenders are rational and weigh the cost and benefits of crime ?

A

Beccaria

34
Q

Theorists from the positivist school felt that crime was linked to which of the following factors ?

A

Biology

35
Q

How do feminist theorists explain the rising numbers of women involved in white collar crimes?

A

As women climb the corporate business ladder, they have better access to opportunities to commit white collar crimes

36
Q

Why is the study of ethics so challenging?

A

The right and wrong answers are not always readily apparent

37
Q

The elements of study ethics are ?

A

Duty, good will, and good intent

38
Q

This philosophy excuses or makes acceptable illegal or unethical behavior as long as it serves the greater good.. _____

A

The ends justify the means

39
Q

When relative ethics and the principle of double effect are used by the police, what is the result ?

A

Noble cause corruption

40
Q

When a judge ______ him/herself from a case, they disqualifies themselves from the case and another judge must be assigned ?

A

Recuses

41
Q

True or false.
The study of ethics in the criminal justice system is “black and white” are of examination, where the right and wrong answers are clear to all

A

False

42
Q

True or false.

Police corruption is generally limited to situations the result in monetary gain.

A

False

43
Q

True or false.
Discussions of ethics among police officers includes the concern that police culture often places greater emphasis on loyalty over integrity

A

True

44
Q

True or false.
One of the most important tenants in the code of judicial conduct is that judges should avoid the appearance of impropriety

A

True

45
Q

When was the Department of Homeland Security established?

A

2001

46
Q

Which federal agency is considered the official legal arm of the U.S. Government ?

A

Department of justice

47
Q

What is the backbone of policing?

A

The patrol function

Criminal Justice (5 decks)

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