Test/ Quiz Questions Flashcards
The written statement of the essential facts of the offense charges against the accused and issues by a grand jury is known as ______
Indictment
Information that would lead a person to believe that another has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime is known as_____
Probable cause
At which stage of the criminal justice process is the accused informed of the charges, his or her rights, & asked to enter a plea to the charges?
The arraignment
The doctrine of ________ binds court of equal or lesser levels within a jurisdiction to the principles established by higher appellate courts within the same jurisdiction
Stare decisis
________ means that after hearing all the evidence in a trial the jurors do not possess an overwhelming belief that the charges against the defendant are true
Reasonable doubt
The US legal system is designed to punish offenders who possess the intent to commit a crime, known as
Mens rea
________ are considered less serious offenses and can be punished by less than one year incarceration in jail
misdemeanors
Who determines if formal charges will be filed with the court
The prosecutor
The code Hammurabi sets out crimes and punishments based on the philosophy of
Lex talionis
_______ establishes the procedures and mechanisms of processing criminal cases
Procedural law
The accused admits shooting his neighbor but says it was self-defense is what kind of a defense
Affirmative
An undercover police officer persuades A reluctant individual to help him steal a car illustrates the concept of
Entrapment
A juvenile is frustrated because he cannot afford to buy the new iPad all the kids have is and example of what
Strain
Lombroso use the term ______ to describe characteristics of offenders, such as a slanting forehead, excessively long arms, recessed eyes, and the presence of tattoos
Atavistic
True or false.
If the grand jury finds sufficient evidence to bind a criminal case over for trial, it will issue an information to the court, a written statement of essential facts of the offense charged against the accused
False
True or false. At the Preliminary hearing, the accused is informed of the charges, advanced for his or her rights, and asked to enter a plea.
False
True Or false. The doctrine of stair decisis states that once the court has established a principle of law, it will apply to all future cases where the facts are substantially the same
True
True or false. The major difference between civil and criminal matters is the penalty
True
True or false. State constitutions may give less protection and rights than the federal Constitution, but they cannot give more
False
True or false. Ones and tight while committing a crime is usually easy to establish
False
True or false. Other than some specific exceptions, the government has only one attempt to obtain a conviction, if the defendant is acquitted, he or she may not be retried
True
True or false. One of the principles of classical criminology is that the criminal justice system should be predictable, where the citizens know the laws and there punishments
true
Sutherland’s research indicated that intelligence was not a predictor of crime
True
True or false. Merton claimed that when social rules are overly structured and strict, people will feel frustration and act out and criminal ways
False
Define crime
- Voluntary
- Defense
- Harm
- State law
- Penilty
According to the biological theories, what causes crime
Born with it or something you put inside of your body
Which theory provides the foundation for ther US justice system
The classical theory
Law that established all of the mechanisms for processing cases through the criminal justice system is known as
Procedural law
The prosecutor must prove what two elements beyond a reasonable doubt?
Mens rea & actus reus
Accidental killing, such as when a patents runs over an unseen toddler in the driveway behind the car is not considered as _________
Criminal in nature
An individual cannot be prosecuted for the same offense more than once is a right guaranteed by which amendment
The fifth amendment
True or false.
Ordinances are laws enacted by the congress while statutes are laws enacted by state legislatures
False
True or false.
The insanity is raised in less than one percent of felony cases and is successful in only a fraction of those
True
Which theorist argued that offenders are rational and weigh the cost and benefits of crime ?
Beccaria
Theorists from the positivist school felt that crime was linked to which of the following factors ?
Biology
How do feminist theorists explain the rising numbers of women involved in white collar crimes?
As women climb the corporate business ladder, they have better access to opportunities to commit white collar crimes
Why is the study of ethics so challenging?
The right and wrong answers are not always readily apparent
The elements of study ethics are ?
Duty, good will, and good intent
This philosophy excuses or makes acceptable illegal or unethical behavior as long as it serves the greater good.. _____
The ends justify the means
When relative ethics and the principle of double effect are used by the police, what is the result ?
Noble cause corruption
When a judge ______ him/herself from a case, they disqualifies themselves from the case and another judge must be assigned ?
Recuses
True or false.
The study of ethics in the criminal justice system is “black and white” are of examination, where the right and wrong answers are clear to all
False
True or false.
Police corruption is generally limited to situations the result in monetary gain.
False
True or false.
Discussions of ethics among police officers includes the concern that police culture often places greater emphasis on loyalty over integrity
True
True or false.
One of the most important tenants in the code of judicial conduct is that judges should avoid the appearance of impropriety
True
When was the Department of Homeland Security established?
2001
Which federal agency is considered the official legal arm of the U.S. Government ?
Department of justice
What is the backbone of policing?
The patrol function
