TEST QUESTIONS REVIEW Flashcards
IQ LEVEL CLASSIFICATIONS FOR IMPAIRMENT
average 90-109
10 point increments from 40 to 160
80-89 low average
70-79 borderline impaired or delayed
55-69 mild impairment of delay
35-55 moderate
20-40 severe
lower than 25 profound
What does criterion or empirical keying approach seeks to do
differences in responses from groups that are already known to be different
must show items that discriminate between groups
What does conventional stage of Kohlberg’s moral development focus on?
following rules to maintain social order or to gain approval from others
What makes visual acuity the highest?
lit conditions-meaning cones would be stimulated to perceive color
How does prozac work
it is a serotonin agonist
What is the standard deviation for IQ scores
about 15 with mean of 100
What an individual with Korshakoffs symptom might engage in?
confabulation
What type of memory test does essay use?
free recall
What type of memory does language test require?
cued or free recall
What type of memory does fill in the blank test require?
cuing specific response with clues from surrounding words in the sentence
What type of memory does multiple choice test require?
recognition
What type of memory does sentence completion test require?
cued recall
Path of received message through a single neuron?
postsynaptic cell, cell body, axon, terminal buttons
What does Schachter-Singer theory of emotion use to interpret emotion
cognition to interpret physiological arousal
physiological reaction-cognition-emotion
aphasia
not being able to create a logical sentence
reaction formation
when an individual reacts in the opposite way of what they think or feel
What did Bartlett find in regards to memory
that it is mostly reconstructive
Tolman’s theory of motivation
performance=expectancy x value
nerve fibers made of axons
white matter
what does sign stimulus trigger
fixed action pattern
what is limbic system responsible for
regulating emotions
what is two point discrimination assessed in the study
cutaneous sensitivity
during which stage does the oedipal conflict resolve
phallic
who defined convergent and divergent thinking
j.p. guilford
What was Mischel’s criticism of trait theories
they placed far too much emphasis on fixed, dispositional traits that did not vary across situations
he adopted a more situational understanding of personality where the environment played a role
which personality disorders are chracterized by accentedc thoughts or behaviors
cluster A
schizoid
difference between availability vs representative heuristic
availability heuristic is something that easily comes to mind as an example for a claim
representative heuristic has to do with prototype or mental image of a person creates, not something that comes to mind because they recently saw it an example
What does central route of persuasion rely on
attentiveness of the listener to the message itself and the validity of the argument, the credentials of the person delivering
what is anxious resistant type of attachement
child is angry, crying, clingy
which part of the brain is associated with procedural memory
cerebellum
What compasses gray matter in the brain
neurophil, synapses, capillaries and glial cells
What was not tested in skinner’s box
shaping
what was tested:
positive and negative reinforcement
fixed ration schedule of reinforcement
variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
What are some monocular cues
interposition
what are some binocular cues
convergence, retinal disparity, shadow stereopsis, color intensity
Which part of the brain is responsible for release of hormones
the part of the brain that controls the equilibrium -hypothalamus
What does Cannon and Bard theory of emotion states
that cognition and physiological stimuli occur simultaneously but separately in the formation of emotion
Vygotsky vs. Piaget
vygotsky posited how languages shapes the environment and the thoughts of the culture as children grow up in the environemnt
piaget focused more on logic and other components of cognitive development
what is the power of statistical test
refers to tits ability to find a difference in distribution when there actually is one
what kind of thinking would require naming a specific fact
convergent thinking
what disorder would be characterized by damage to the basal ganglia
basal ganglia-voluntary muscle movements
parkinsons
What is the wilcoxon signed ranks test
nonparametric test that compares related samples, matched samples or repeated measured on a single sample
who combined learning theory with psychoanalysis
John Dollard and Neal Miller
ecological validity
wether theory can be applied to real world situations
who is known for microagression research
Derlad Wing Sue
What is a derived test score
one that is converted from a raw test score
what is a stanine score
score that has been converted on a scale of 1-9
What is a survey battery test?
designed to measure acquired knowledge, especially academic progress
Theory developed by Broadbent using finding in his dichotic listening task
filter model of selective attention
What does the intensity of the impulse depend on
the number of signals fired
Who did research into gender development and sex difference?
Mccobby and Jacklin
What explains color vision in the retin
trichromatic theory of color, retina is responsible for 3 colors
what is tokenism
hiring or acceptance of one or a very few members of a particular group ignorer to appear that the company or group is not discriminating against that group
What does artificial intelligence use to solve problems?
heuritiscs and algoritms
Examples of human absolute threasholds
-hearign the tick of an old fashioned watch from 20 feet away
-being able to see a candle flame from 30 miles away on a clear dark night
-tasting one teaspoon of sugar dissolved in two gallons of water
-feeling a bee’s wing on your cheek dropped from a height of about one half inch
What is the brain believed to have evolved from first?
hindbrain
retricular formation
What is ethnographic research
anthropological roots and involved studying another culture in general terms, not studying individuals in a subculture
What is grounded theory ?
research in which data are collected and analyzed until a theory is formulated
What is Allport known for?
functional autonomy (doing something past the point of needing to)
What is concurrent validity?
Type of criterion validity in which the criterion measure is obtained at about the same time as the test score
McClelland and Rumelhart
published a two volume book about parallel distributed processing (PDP)
states that human information processing is distributed across the brain and is done in a parallel fashion
What is nondominant hemisphere more adept at
spatial organization
Galton
first person to study individual differences influence on James McKEen Catell
dual code hypothesis
concrete information is encoded into memory both visually and verbally while abstract information is encoded into memory only verbally
Who’s known for method of introspection and the goal of analyzing consciousness into its elements/structualism
Titchener
hypothetic deductive method
scientists first define and formulate their hypotheses
the scientist perform experiments under carefully controlled conditions to test their hypotheses
the scientists interprets the results of their experiments and if necessary change their hypothesis
another name for iconic memory
visual sensory memory
mental chronometry
use of reaction time to study cognitive processing
Which intelligence tests are used for children?
WAISC
stanford binet
Witkin’s theory
drew a relationship between an individuals personality and the way she perceived the world
classified people according to their degree of field dependence
hypothetic deductive system
theory of learning described by Clark Hull in which he believed he could predict human behavior by looking at all of the possible intervening variables that could determine a relationship between an input and an output
igreatation
process of presentation where we try to make ourselves seem very likable
what happens inside the axons when it is in resting potnetial
the fluid inside the neuron has more negatively charged ions than the fluid outside; resulting from selective permeability of the axon membrane
What kind of therapy would focus on brining together the real and ideal self?
humanistic
type i error and ii
type i-false positive
type ii-false negative
what is the mesolimbic dopamine pathway (brain rewards system)
ventral tegmental area connecting to nucleus accumbens
Mischel’s marshmellow experiment
children presented with marshmallow and asked to forfeit to get 2 late on
study focused around heritability
stroke in which area of the brain would result in visual and sensory halucinations
where parietal lobe borders occipital lobe
Rollo May
existential psychologist believed that we are born into human body and we die and everything else involves elements of freedom, choice, and responsibility
which organs are involved in kinesthetic snesing
joint receptors
free nerve endings
muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
what disorder is this: Debra believed she is a demon and must be destroyed, will attempt suicide if hospital staff do not watch her continuously, she cries constantly and refuses to eat or leave her bed
schizotypal
What at Elkman’s 6 basic emotions
sadness
happiness
fear
anger
suprise
disgust
parasomnia
abnormal behavior that occurs during sleep - like somnambulism -sleepwalking
peripheral route of persuasion
relying on peripheral routes such as emotions and celerity reinforcement
temperal summation
rapid stimulation of a specific synapse likely to produce a cumulative effect in the postsynaptic cell
what kind of aggression are adolescent girls known to exhibit
relational
visual pathway that tells us what we’re looking at
ventral stream
What will damaging the suprachisastmic nucleus due in rats?
interfere with the biological clock that is synchronized with light
where is action potential triggered
axon hillock
Damage to which part of the ear will result in less hearing in crowded plces
hair cells
general adaptation syndrome
supplication
eliciting sympathy to creative a positive self image
What is normative influence?
conformity motivated by fear of social rejection
what is long term potentiation associated with
learning
propinquity
proximity between people
