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Microbiology Exam 2 > Test Questions > Flashcards

Test Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Treatment for Staphylococcus
-MRSA
-MSSA

A

Resistant
-erythromycin (50s)
-5th gen cephalosporin
-I.V. Vancomycin (inhibit PG’s)

Sensitive
-Pen G
-B-lactamase resistant
-1st gen cephalosporin

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2
Q

Streptococcus Pneumonia vaccine

Mycobacterium TB vaccine

A

-Prevnar
-Pneumovax

-BCG(Bacille Calmette-Guern)
Used in developing countries to protect children against disseminated forms of TB. Does not protect against pulmonary TB

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3
Q

Bacillus Anthracis

A

cutaneous anthrax
-cirpofloxacin

Pulmonary anthrax (Woolsorters disease)
widening of mediastinum
-cirpofloxacin
-Rifampin
-Clindamycin or Vancomycin

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4
Q

Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

A

Erythromycin
Pen G

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5
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  1. Pen G
  2. Metronidazole
  3. Doxycycline (30s)
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6
Q

What neurotransmitter gets interfered w/ C.tetanus vs. C.botulism

A

Clostridium Tetani
-Blocks postsynaptic inhibition thus enhancing muscular contraction.
Tetanolysin and tetanospasmin are the toxins released blocking the release of GLYCINE & GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID

Clostridium Botulism
-blockage of synaptic Acetylcholine release and causing paralysis. (Flaccid paralysis)

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7
Q

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
-Anti-TB agent
-MDR-TB
-XDR-TB

A

Multiple antibiotics for extended period. Combo of antibiotics + duration of antibiotics depends on TB form and stain susceptibility.

Anti-TB agents. From left to right: isoniazid, rifampin (red pill), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol

MDR-TB: resistant to isoniazid and rifampin

XDR-TB: resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, fluoroquinolones and at least 1 of the 4 injectable anti-TB drugs (streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin)

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8
Q

TQ: Nocardia

A

Folic acid metabolism (BAPA - DHF - THF)
Trimethoprim (TMP)
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)

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9
Q

Which bacterias causes pulmonary infections and what are the differences?

A

Streptococcus Pneumonia (G+): one lobe
Legionella (G-): multi-lobar
Nocardia (G+): Bronchopneumonia—>brain abscess: nodule cavity
Mycobacterium TB (G+): cavity lesion
Mycoplasma (fried eg): walking or atypical pneumonia
C. pneumoniae: :Acute acquired pneumonia (community)
C. psittaci: Respiratory psittacosis - mild illness or
pneumonia Transmitted by birds
Bacillus anthracis: pulmonary anthrax: widening of mediastinum

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10
Q

Legionella

A

Levofloxacin and azithromycin

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11
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin in combo with a B-lactamase inhibitor B/c Anti-pseudomonal are sensitive to B-lactamases therefore you must add a B-lactamase inhibitor.

Anti-pseudomonal penicillin = Piperacillin
B-lactamase inhibitor that you can only add to piperacillin = Tazobactam

When you add Piperacillin + Tazobactam = Zosyn

aminoglycosides(30S)
Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone—DNA gyrase)

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12
Q

Chlamydia

A

Azithromycin (50S)
Doxycycline (30S) (under Tetracyclines)

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13
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Azithromycin (50s)
Doxycycline (30S)
Fluroquinolones

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14
Q

Only gram (+), catalase (-) bacteria that grows in salt

A

Enterococcus

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15
Q

Two most common streptococcal species in the mouth

A

Streptococcus Mitis group which includes S.mitis, S.oralis

Streptococcus Mutans group which include S.mutans, S.sobrinus are dental caries that produce polysaccharides from sucrose

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16
Q

Which one is found in dental Hand piece?

A

Legionella

17
Q

TQ: Chlamydia replicative cycle
Biphasic Life Cycle

A

Biphasic life cycle
-EB (elementary body): infective form; dormant; resistant to environmental conditions; can survive outside host cell
E = ENTERING
Photo shows
1. EB (elementary body) attaching to receptor on host cell (0hrs)
2. EB triggers its own endocytosis by host cell
3.EB converts into RB (reticulate body) w/n vesicle (10hrs)

-**RB(reticulate body) reproductive form; obligate intracellular form
R = REPLICATION
4.RB divides rapidly = multiple RB = which now called inclusion bodies
5.Most RBs convert back into EB (21 hrs)

6.EBs are released from host cell (40 hrs)

18
Q

TQ: what are the antibiotics for intracellular organisms? And provide an example of a bacteria

A

INTRACELLULAR ORGANISM

Azithromycin (50s - Macrolides)
Doxycycline (30s - Tetracycline)

Chlamydia is an intracellular pathogen

19
Q

TQ: Use of highly absorbent tampons

A

Toxic shock syndrome by S.aureus

20
Q

TQ. Which bacteria separates the early colonizers of the oral cavity b/w the late colonizers?

-name the late colonizers
-name the early colonizers

What is the bacterial mechanism for carcinogenic in the oral cavity?
What is the bacterial mechanism for cavity prevention?

A

Fusobacterium nucleaton

Late:
-P.gingivalis
-tanner forsythia
-privatella intermedia
-lactobacillus
-strep.mutans group (s.mutans, s.sobrinus)

Early:
-strep.mitis group (s.mitis, s.oralis, s.sanguis, s.gordinii)
-actinomyces (a.israelii, a.naeslondii)
-propiobacterium (p.acne)

Ethanol — acet-aldehyde via alcohol dehydrogenase

SCN-thiocyanate — hypocyanate OSCN
NO3 —- NO2
O2 —- H2O2 —- OSCN or H2O

21
Q

TQ: explain the different bacterial conjugation gene transfer

A

extrachromosomal
F+ + F- = F+ + F+

integrated
Hfr cell (high frequency recombination cell which means that the plasmid has incorporated itself into the chromosomal DNA) + F- (recipient) = Hfr + recombinant F- cell

22
Q

Which pathogens are intracellular and provide treatment

A

Mycobacteria TB Invades and survives in macrophages by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion.
-Anti-TB antigen = 4 of them (left to right)
-MRTB = idk
-XRTB= literally can’t take anything. You dyinggggg

chlamydia Obligate intracellular pathogen that replicates inside a specialized vacuole known as inclusion bodies (EB-RB-40hrs)
-Azithromycin (quick/1 day Macrolide-50S)
-Doxycycline (30S)

Mycoplasma (M.pneumonia = atypical/walking pneumonia)
-Azithromycin (Macrolide-50S)
-Doxycycline

Legionella this bacteria is facultative intracellular; lysosomal fusion is blocked; feeding off cells organelles; macrophage burst
-Azithromycin (quick/1day)
-Levofloxacin (DNA gyrase)

23
Q

Acid-Fast stain used for what pathogens?

A

-Mycobacteria (M.TB, M.leprae, M.avium complex (MAC) includes M.intracellulare)
-Nocardia

Microbiology Exam 2 (12 decks)

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