Test Questions Flashcards by Donny Williams

Sound waves are…

Longitudinal and mechanical

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The speed of ultrasound in soft tissue is closest to

1,500 m/s

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The frequency closest to the lower limit of Ultrasound is

15,000 hz

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Which is not an acoustic variable?

Density
pressure
distance
intensity

Intensity

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The effects of soft tissue and Ultrasound are called

Acoustic propagational properties

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Two waves with identical frequencies must interfere constructively.
True or False

True

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Put in decreasing order..
Deca
Deci
Micro
Centi

Deca
Deci
Centi
Micro

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________ is the time to complete one cycle.

Period

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Which of the following sound waves is ultrasonic and least useful in diagnostic imaging?
30 khz
8mhz
8,000hz
15hz

30 khz

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What is the frequency of a wave with 1 msec period?
10,000 hz
1,000 hz
1 khz
1 mhz

1 khz

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______ is the distance covered by one cycle

Wavelength

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Which of the following is determined by the source and a medium?
Frequency
Period
Propagation speed
Range resolution

Range resolution

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Propagation speed = ______ x wavelength

Frequency

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As a result of______ the propagation speed increases

Decreasing compressibility and decreasing density

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Put in decreasing order of propagation speed
Gas
Liquid
Solid

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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In the same medium, if the frequency of ultrasound is increased from 0.77 mhz to 1.54 mhz, what happens to the wavelength?

Halved

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A sound waves frequency is 10 mhz. The waves traveling in soft tissue. What is it’s wavelength?
0.15 mm
1.54 mm
15.4 mm
10mhz

0.15 mm

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If the frequency of an ultrasound wave is doubled, what happens to the period?

Halved

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If the frequency of ultrasound is increase from 0.77 mhz to 1.54 mhz, what happens to the propagation speed?

Remains the same

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The units of pulse repetition frequency are

Per minute

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The time from the beginning of a pulse until its end is _______?

Pulse duration

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What happens to the speed of sound in a medium when the bulk modulus of the medium increases?

Faster

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_____ resolution is determined by the spacial pulse length

Radial or axial

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If a wavelength amplitude is doubled, what happens to the power?
Nothing
Halved
Doubled
Quadrupled

Quadrupled

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Power of sound has units of

Watts

If the intensity of a sound beam remains unchanged while the beam area is reduced in half, what has happened to the power? Quadrupled Doubled Halved Unchanged

Halved

Which of these intensities is smallest SATP SPTP SATA

SATA

The duty factor for continuous wave ultrasound is 10.0 1% 1.0 0.0%.

1.0

What is the minimum value of the duty factor? 10.0 1 % 1.0. 0.0%.

0.0%.

What are the units of intensity? Watts DB Watts/cm squared DB

Watts/ cm squared

What happens to the speed of sound in a medium when the bulk modulus of the median decreases? Faster Slower Unchanged

Slower

The units of attenuation are_____, this is a______ scale

dB, logarithmic

Sound intensity is decreased by 75%. How many decibels of attenuation is this? 6db 9DB 5 DB 10 Db

6DB

The fundamental frequency of a transducer is 2.5 MHz what is the second harmonic frequency? 1.25 MHz. 4.5 MHz. 5 MHz 5 cm

5 MHz

A pulse is emitted by a transducer and is traveling in soft tissue. The go return time, or time of flight, of a sound pulse is 130 µs. What is the reflector depth? 10 cm 10 mm 10 m 130 mm 13 cm

10 cm

If a 5 MHz sound wave is traveling in the tissues, listed below, which will have the shortest wave length? Fat Air Muscle Bone

Air

If a 5 MHz sound wave is traveling in the tissues, listed below, which will have the longest wavelength ? Fat Air Muscle Bone

Bone

What is the approximate attenuation coefficient of 1 MHz ultrasound in soft tissue? 0.5 dB/centimeters. 1 cm 3 dB/centimeters 1 dB

0.5 dB/centimeters.

The rayl is the unit of______ Intensity Reflectance Density Impedance

Impedance

Impedance is the ______ of______ and_________.

Product, propagation, speed, density

What are attenuations three components

Scattering, reflection, absorption

For soft tissue, the approximate attenuation coefficient in dB/centimeters is equal to 1/2_______ in ______. Wave length, MM Frequency, HZ Frequency, MHZ Impedance, rayls

Frequency, MHZ

As the impedances of two media become vastly different, the_________ increases. Reflection Transmission Refraction Absorption

Reflection increases

The angle between an ultrasound pulse and the boundary between two media is 90°. What is this called? Direct incidence Oblique incidence Indirect incidence Orthogonal incidence

Orthogonal incidence

The angle between an ultrasound pulse and the boundary between two media is 56°. This is called ________ Direct incidence Oblique incidence Indirect incidence Orthogonal incidence

Oblique incidence

Refraction only occurs if there are___________.

Oblique incidence, and different propagation speeds

With normal incidence, what factors affect refraction of ultrasound? Propagation speed Frequencies Attenuation coefficients None of the above

None of the above

With right angle, incidence, reflections are always generated at a boundary if the propagation speeds of the media are different. True or false

False

_________ as a redirection of Ultrasound in many directions as a result of a rough boundaries between two media. refraction. Rayleigh scattering Scattering Reflection

Scattering

Which of the following tissues is most likely to create Rayleigh scattering? Red blood cells Muscle Fat Bone

Red blood cells

With normal incidents, the angle is 180° True or false

False

Under which of the following conditions is axial resolution improved? Decreased special pulse length Decreased pulse amplitude Decreased Imaging depth Decreased pixel size Decreased beam diameter

Decreased spacial pulse length

Snells law describes physics of______ Ultrasound Reflection Refraction Transmission

Refraction

Most likely amount of reflection at a boundary between soft tissue is______ 1% 22% 34% 99%

The most typical amount of transmission at a boundary in biologic media is: 1 % 22% 34% 99%

99%

Sound is traveling from medium 1 to medium 2 . Propagation speeds of M1 and M2 are 1,600 m/s 1,500 m/s respectively. Three is normal incidence. Angle of incidence > angle of reflection Angle of incidence = angle of reflection Angle of incidence < angle of reflection

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

Doppler shifts always occur if the sound source and receiver are in motion True or false

False

Which of the following is associated with power mode Doppler? -Poor temporal resolution, and flash artifact -lower sensitivity and good temporal resolution -High sensitivity and high frame rates -Flash artifact and reduce sensitivity -Good temporal resolution and flash artifact

-Poor temporal resolution, and flash artifact

The Doppler shift is a measure of_______ -Ratio of incident frequency, to reflector frequency -sum of incident frequency and reflective frequency -difference between incident and reflect it frequency -Product of incident and reflective frequencies

Difference between incident and reflected frequency

The sonographer cannot change directly or indirectly the duty factor of an ultrasound machine True or false

False

Depth calibration of a machine measures 100 mm spaced wires to be 90 mm apart. Scanning reflectors 50 mm apart, what will the machine calculate the distance to be? 40 mm 45 mm 60 mm 65 mm

45 mm

There have not been biological effects from Ultrasound found in the laboratory True or false

False

Which of the following is most relevant with regard to bioeffects? Mechanical index Overall gain Output intensity Thermal index

Output intensity

How many centimeters are 60 mm? 600 6 0.6. 0.06.

Lateral resolution is also called

Azimuthal

Which has the correct units? Hz mm/s joules db/cm MHz m/sec w/cm2 db

MHz m/sec w/cm2 db

What increases patient exposure? Exam time Frequency Videotaping Wave length

Exam time

Shadowing may result from higher amounts of reflection of ultrasound energy True or false

True

Where are harmonics created? In the receiver In the transducer In the tissues In the beam former

In the tissues

How is range ambiguity Artifact eliminated? Lower the PRF Raise the PRF Increase the gain Use a lower frequency transducer

Lower the PRF

For Doppler, which incident, angle results, and no shift? 180° 90° 0° 45°

90°

Which transducer would be best to image superficial structures? Small diameter, high frequency Small diameter, low frequency Large diameter, high frequency Large diameter, low frequency

Small diameter, high frequency

A transducer with more than one active element is called- Multipurpose Annular Mechanical Array

Array

How many bits are needed to represent 16 shades of gray? 2 3 4 5

What information does Doppler shift provide? Flow Cardiac output Velocity Speed

Velocity

A sound wave is a pressure wave made of compressions and rarefactions. True or false

True

A hydrophone is used to measure Velocity Frequency Intensity Phase

Frequency or intensity

Images on video tape are stored using- Magic Magnetism Paper computer memory

Magnetism

Circumferences may be measured in unit of CM CM squared Cubic CM Cubits

Decimal uses a base of 10, binary uses a base of 1 2 5 10

If the frame rate increases and the lines per frame is unchanged, what else must happen? Ultrasound speed increases Frequency increases Depth increases Depth decreases

Depth decreases

Which of these cannot be performed by a Sonographer? Adjust gain Alter grayscale Clean pixels Adjust time gain compensation

Clean pixels

Which of the following is not a beam steering technique for a mechanical scan head? Rotating wheel Phased beam Oscillating disc Oscillating mirror

Phased beam

Which has the greatest amount of attenuation? Bone Fat Water Muscle

Bone

Which of the following will result in the greatest number of shades of gray in a digital image display? Large pixels with many bits/pixel Small pixels with few bits/pixel Many TV lines per frame High contrast Narrow, dynamic range

Large pixels with many bits/pixel

What is not the responsibility of a sonographer? Clean the filters Adjust the recorder Adjust converter matrix Change paper

Adjust converter matrix

With good images on the display, but not on the printer, one should Increase the gain Check the scan head Check scan converter Adjust the recorder

Adjust the recorder

To measure the ultrasound beam, intensity, use a Calibrated hydrophone Lateral oscilloscope Water filled phantom Tissue equivalent phantom

Calibrated hydrophone

When the ultrasound machine displays only strong, reflecting objects, and nothing else, that sonographer should Adjusted far gain Increase output power Increase lateral resolution Adjust TGC

Increases output power

Dynamic range is used to Decrease the amplitude Altar grayscale Reduce speckle

Altar grayscale

Reject is used to Alter the appearance of highly reflective objects Alter the appearance of Lowly reflective objects Improve axial resolution Improve digital scan converter sensitivity

Alter the appearance of Lowly reflective objects

If a reflector is moved twice as far away from the transducer, how will this affect the time of flight of a sound pulse? Quadruple it Double it No change Halve it

Double it

A single element transducer is focused By the manufacturer Cannot be focused By increasing output power By the sonographer

By the manufacturer

An ultrasound machine has a digital scan converter, but has an analog input signal. The machine needs to have a Hybrid multiplexer Modem Analog to digital converter Digital monitor

Analog to digital converter

Under which of the following conditions is lateral resolution improved? Decreased beam diameter Decreased pulse duration Decreased Imaging depth Decreased pixel size

Decreased beam diameter

In which way is an annular phase array, transducer different than a linear phased array transducer? The linear is steered mechanically The linear can have multiple focal zones The annular can create a rectangular shaped image The linear has higher pulse, repetition frequency The annular is steered mechanically

The annular is steered mechanically

In which of these biologic tissues will sound waves propagate most quickly? Tendon Blood Lung Fat Amniotic fluid

Tendon

Which of the following best describes a sound beam? Electrical impulses A collection of mechanical vibration in the form of compressions and rarefactions A wave that man can hear Electronica variations Ionic vibrations

A collection of mechanical vibrations in the form of compressions and rarefactions

You are performing a quality assurance study on an ultrasound system, using a tissue equivalent phantom. You make an adjustment using a knob on the system Console that changes the appearance of reflector brightness from fully bright to barely visible. What are you evaluating? Resolution Dynamic range System sensitivity Vertical calibration Slice thickness

System sensitivity

Which of the following best describes the features of a sound wave and medium that determine the speed of sound in the medium? Density of the medium and stiffness of the medium Density of the medium and power of the sound beam Elasticity of the medium and frequency of a sound beam Stiffness of the median and elasticity of the medium Pulse repetition. Of the sound wave and density of the medium.

Density of the medium and stiffness of the medium

While scanning, and a water tank, what location in a sound beam has the highest intensity? Focal point Focal zone Fresnel zone Fraunhofer zone Half value depth

Focal point

Which of these factors has the greatest influence on pulse repetition period? Display depth Thickness of the PZT crystal Attenuation of the sound beam Impedance of the medium Displays dynamic range

Displayed depth

Which of the following choices best describes an ideal epidemiologic bioeffects study? Randomized and prospective Benefits outweigh the risks Ideal and non-biased prodent and safe

Randomized and prospective

Which of the following will result in the highest mechanical index? High frequency and low power High intensity and high frequency Low frequency and high signal amplitude Low intensity and low frequency

Low frequency and high signal amplitude

All of the following statements regarding in vitro bioeffects are true, except In vitro bioeffects are clinically relevant In vitro bioeffects are always real In vitro bioeffects are very important In vitro bioeffects may not be applicable to clinical settings

In vitro bioeffects are clinically relevant

Under which circumstance is the mechanical index lowest? High frequency and low power High intensity, and high frequency Low intensity and low frequency Low frequency, and hi signal amplitude

High frequency and low power

Which of the following improves the signal to noise ratio? Dynamic range Frame averaging Grayscale Edge enhancement Gain

Frame averaging

Under which circumstance is cavitation most likely to occur? High frequency and low power High intensity, and high frequency Low intensity and low frequency Low frequency and high signal amplitude

Low frequency and high signal amplitude

Where does coded exultation, originate? In the receiver In the tissues In contrast agents In the matching layer In the pulser

In the pulser

Pre-processing occurs When the patient is scanned When images are transferred to the VCR After the images are on the tape When the image exits the scan converter

When the patient is scanned

Post processing occurs when the image Is played off of the VCR Entered the A/D converter but before display After it leaves, the A/D converter After it leaves the scan converter

Entered the A/D converter but before display

The region from the transducer to the minimum beam cross-sectional area is the Fraunhofer zone Fresnel zone Focus Snells length

Fresnel zone

Biologic affects have not been documented below what intensity (SPTA)? 100 W/CM 100 MW/M squared 100 MW/CM squared 100 MW/CM to the third power

100 MW/CM squared

What is the standard for communication between medical imaging computers? ALARA PACS D to A conversion DICOM A to D conversion

DICOM

The curie temperature has which effect? The backing material delaminates from the active element The glue binding the crystal and matching layer melts The ferroelectric material is depolarized The matching layer changes its impedance

The ferroelectric material is depolarized

What happens to venous return to the heart during expiration? Increased Decreased Unchanged

Decreased

Which of the following has a propagation speed closest to soft tissue? Muscle Fat Bone Air

Muscle

When can a patient revoke consent?

At any time

Which of the following does not change temporal resolution? Frequency compounding Persistence Spatial compounding Temporal resolution

Frequency compounding

Which of the following is not pre-processing? Write magnification 3-D rendering Fill in interpolation Spatial compounding

3-D rendering

Sonographers education ends when they become registered True or false

False

The dynamic range is the ratio of the smallest to the largest_______ that a system can process without distortion. Amplitude Frequency Phase delay Spatial length

Amplitude

When may a patient revoke their consent to be treated?

At any time

If the intensity is increased by 3 dB, it_________ Doubles Triples Halved Quartered

Doubles

What determines the frequency of a sound beam from a post transducer? Voltage applied to the PZT PZT thickness Frequency of the system PRF of the pulser

PZT thickness

While propagating, a sound wave is refracted. Finally it returns to the transducer. The system processes the sound wave as if it has.______ Refracted and returned Traveled in a straight line, reflected, and returned Traveled in a straight line, attenuated, reflected, and returned

Traveled in a straight line, reflected, and returned

What measures the output of a transducer? Receiver Display Hydro meter Hydrophone

Hydrophone

The impedance of tissue is 3x10 to the 5th rayls and for the PZT crystal is 6x10 to the 6th rayls. What is the best impedance for the matching layer? 36×10 to the sixth power 3600 10,000 9.5×10 to the fifth power. 9×10 to the fourth power

9.5×10 to the fifth power.

Put in increasing order of propagation speed Air, bone, water Bone, water, air Air, water, bone Water, air, bone Bone, air, water

Air, water, bone

Which type of artifact appears most commonly with highly reflective objects? Reverberations Mirroring Shadowing Enhancement Defocusing

Shadowing

What can post Doppler measure that continuous wave cannot? Duration Speed Velocity Location Frequency

Location

What is the fraction of time that a transducer is transmitting? Duty factor Pulse duration Period PRF spatial duration

Duty factor

Which of the following clinical modalities has the lowest output intensity? Pulsed Doppler Continuous wave Doppler Power Doppler Duplex scanning Grayscale Imaging

Grayscale Imaging

What is the location of the minimum cross-sectional area of the ultrasound being called? Focus Fraunhofer zone Far zone Near zone

Focus

The dB is defined as the______ of two intensities. Sum Difference Product Ratio

Ratio

An ultrasound system is set at 0 dB and it’s transmitting at full intensity. What is the output power when the system is transmitting at 50% full intensity? -3 dB -50 dB 10 dB 3 dB -10 dB

-3 dB

An ultrasound system is set at 0 dB and it’s transmitting at full intensity. What is the output power when the system is transmitting at 10% a full intensity? -3 dB -50 dB 10 dB 3 dB -10 dB

-10 dB

The Doppler shift is the______ of two frequencies. Sum Difference Product Ratio

Difference

What is propagation speed determined by? Wave length Intensity and density Amplitude Density and elasticity Density and amplitude

Density and elasticity

If 300,000 cycles occur in a second, what is the waves frequency? 3 MHz 30 kHz 300 MHz 3 kHz 0.3 MHz.

0.3 MHz.

What may be a unit of amplitude? CM HZ MSEC WATTS None of the above

A Doppler exam is performed with a 5 MHz probe and a PRF 15 kHz. Which of these Doppler shifts will create aliasing. 2 khz 2.5 kHz. 7.5 kHz. 14 kHz

14 kHz

Which of the following choices determines the signal amplitude in the transducer have an ultrasound system? Reflected intensity of the sound beam Post processing Edge enhancement, filtering Persistence Demodulation

Reflected intensity of a sound beam

In an air, tissue interface, what percentage of the ultrasound is reflected? 0% Near 0% 50% Near 100%

Near 100%

Traveling through the same medium, if the frequency has doubled, the wavelength is Unchanged Doubled Halved Quartered

Halved

Traveling through the same median, if the frequency is doubled, the propagation speed is Unchanged Doubled Halved Quartered

Unchanged

Increasing the frequency increases the penetration depth True or false

False

Axial resolution is affected by focusing True or false

False

If a manufacturer changed the lines per frame and kept the Imaging depth, the same, what else would change? PRF Period Frame rate

Frame rate

Which of the following has the greatest influence on temporal resolution? Propagation speed and the imaging depth Frequency of sound, and the propagation speed Wave length of sound and propagation speed Output power, and frequency

Propagation speed and the imaging depth

In a real time scanner, which of these choices determines the maximum frame rate? Depth of view Pixel size Attenuation coefficient Beam diameter Lateral resolution

Depth of view

Multiple reflections that are equally spaced are called Refractions Reverberations Shadows Commets

Reverberations

What artifact has a grainy appearance, and it’s caused by the interference affects of scattered sound? Spackle Reverberation Slice thickness Speckle Section thickness

Speckle

All of the following will improve, temporal resolution, except Increased line density Single, rather than multi focus Higher frame rate Shallower depth of view Slower speed of sound in a medium

Increased line density

Impedance is the product of_______ and________.

Density and propagation speed

The manufacturer increases the number of lines per frame. As a result, what may have to decrease.

Frame rate, sector angle, Imaging depth

What component of a transducer changes electrical to mechanical and mechanical back to electrical energy?

PZT

Sonographers cannot affect a patient’s exposure to acoustic energy True or false

False

Attenuation of Ultrasound in soft tissue is closest to 3 dB/1 MHz 1 dB/CM/10 MHz 2 dB/CM 0.6 dB/CM/ MHz

0.6 dB/CM/ MHz

How many bits are needed to represent 1024 gray shades? 1024 8 10 3 512

Grayscale can be changed by the Sonographer True or false

True

The distance to a target is doubled. The time of flight for a pulse to travel to the target in back is. 4 times 8 times The same 2 times

2 times

Volume has which of the following units? CM CM squared CM to the third power CM to the fourth power

CM to the third power

Which of the following is proportional to the square of the amplitude? Period Attenuation Power Frequency Speed

Power

What are the typical clinical Doppler frequencies? 1-10,000 Hz 1-10 MHz 2-1000 kHz 40- 45 kHz

1-10,000 Hz

What Doppler angle is most inaccurate? 15 to 30° 30 to 45° 45 to 60° 60 to 75°

60 to 75°

Changing, which of the following would not cause any change in a hard copy image output TGC Gain Output power Display brightness and contrast Death of view

Display brightness and contrast

A quality assurance program Is not needed in small labs Is very time consuming and expensive Is needed by all labs Cannot be performed by sonographers

Is needed by all labs

What is the actual time that an ultrasound machine is creating a pulse? Duty factor Period Pulse period Pulse duration

Pulse duration

The angle of incidence of an ultrasound beam is perpendicular to an interface. The two media have the same propagation speeds what process cannot occur? Refraction Reflection Transmission Attenuation

Refraction

What component of the ultrasound unit contains the memory bank? Transducer Receiver Display Scan converter

Scan converter

An ultrasound wave travels through two media and has attenuation of 3 dB in the first and 5 dB in a second. What is the total attenuation? 15 dB 8 dB 3/5 dB 5/8 dB

8 dB

According to the AIUM statement on bio effects, there have been no confirmed bio effects below intensities of______ watts per square centimeter SPTA 10 0.01. 0.1. 1 100

0.1

Fill in of an anechoic structure, such as a cyst is known as all of the following, except Partial volume artifact Slice thickness artifact Section thickness, artifact Ghosting artifact

Ghosting artifact

What is the range of frequencies created by medical diagnostic Doppler transducers? 4 to 10 Hz 10 to 20 MHz 1 to 10 kHz 2 to 20 Hz 2 to 10 MHz

2 to 10 MHz

Doppler shifts are always created when the source and receiver are in motion relative to each other True or false

False

What is the significance of grayscale variation in the spectrum of a pulsed wave Doppler display? It represents the number of red blood cells creating the reflection It represents the velocity of red blood cells It represents the speed of red blood cells It determines the ensemble length

It represents the number of red blood cells creating the reflection

Which of the following sets of properties of a test phantom is most relevant when assessing depth calibration accuracy? Reflectors spacing, and reflection coefficient Attenuation and speed of ultrasound in the medium Reflector spacing, and ultrasound attenuation in the medium Reflector spacing, and propagation speed

Reflector spacing, and propagation speed

Assuming a constant frequency, what happens if the diameter of an unfocused circular transducer is increased? The distance to the Far field is reduced The beam width in the near field is reduced The beam width in the near field is increased The ultrasound wave length is increased The sensitivity is reduced

The beam width in the near field is increased

From a safety standpoint, which one of the following methods is best? Low output power, and high gain High output power and low gain High near gain and low far gain Low near gain and high far gain High reject and high transmitter output

Low output power, and high gain

The relative output of an ultrasound instrument is collaborated in decibels, and the operator increases the output by 60 dB. The beam intensity is increase by which of the following. 5% Two times 20 times 100 times 1 million times

1 million times

What is the most typical Doppler shift measured clinically?? 3.5 MHz. 3.5 million Hz 2 kHz 1000 kHz 20,000 Hz

2 kHz

Doppler shifts always occur if the source and receiver are in motion relative to each other True or false

False

Doppler shifts always occur if the source and observer are in motion relative to each other and the angle between the motion and the sound beam is 90° True or false

False

Doppler shifts always occur if the source and Observer are in motion relative to each other and the angle between emotion and the sound beam is not 90° True or false

True

When the sound source and the receiver are not moving directly towards or away from each other, the________ of the angle between them, enters into the calculation of Doppler shift Average Slope Sine Cosine

Cosine

The range equation relates distance from the reflector to______ and_______ Time of flight, distance Frequency, wave length Time of flight, propagation, speed Propagation speed, density

Time of flight, propagation, speed

In soft tissue: distance traveled= ______ x round-trip time Propagation speed Wave length Period PRF

Propagation speed

With the presence of_______ we see more boundaries than there are reflecting surfaces Reverberations Shadowing Enhancement Arrays

Reverberations

What is another name for longitudinal resolution? Axial Depth Lateral Transverse

Axial or depth

What are the units of longitudinal resolution? Hertz Rayls M/S Feet

Feet

Which of the following is the best lateral resolution? 15 mm 6 mm 0.06 cm. 2 cm

0.06 cm.

If the special pulse length is 10 mm, what is the axial resolution? 0.5 cm. 5 cm 10 mm 1 cm

0.5 cm.

If the frequency is decreased, the numerical value of the radial resolution is Increased Decreased Unchanged

Increased

A transducer______ one form of _______ to another

Converts, energy

The production of a voltage from the application of a pressure is called Piezoelectricity Impedance Cogeneration Flux

Piezoelectricity

What is the production of deformation from voltage called? Piezoelectricity Impedance Cogeneration Flux

Piezoelectricity

Which is not a part of a transducer? Active crystal Matching layer A/D converter Wire

A/D converter

What is the Fraunhofer? Focus Near zone Far zone Penetration depth

Far zone

If we increase the frequency, the near zone length is Increased Decreased Unchanged

Increased

If the transducer aperture increases, the lateral resolution at its smallest dimension is Increased Decreased Unchanged

Increased

If we increase the transducer diameter, the beam diameter in the far zone is Increased Decreased Unchanged

Decreased

At the focus, the beam diameter is_______ the transducer diameter Equal to Half Double 1/4

Half

Lateral resolution can be improved by Increasing gain Decreasing gain Focusing Smoothing

Focusing

The digital scan converter has a number of pixels assigned to each bit True or false

False

The more bits per pixel The better the resolution The higher the pixel density The more shades of gray Higher reliability

The more shades of gray

The more pixels per inch The better the temporal resolution The better the spatial resolution The more shades of gray The higher the reliability

The better the spatial resolution

Which of the following is the first adjustment made when an entire image is too dark? Output power Decompensation Reject Gain

Gain

What is the elimination of voltages that do not exceed a certain level? Gain Decompensation Reject Demodulation

Reject

What is the name of the receiver function that corrects for attenuation?

Compensation

The process of changing grayscale is called________

Dynamic range

If the lines per frame is increased, while the imaging depth is unchanged then Frame rate increases Number of shades of gray decreases The frame rate decreases This cannot happen

The frame rate decreases

A mirror image artifact can appear along side of the true anatomy True or false

False

Enhancement, multipath and side, lobes result in Image distortion Clearer images Artifact Resolution problems

Artifact

The propagation speed of ultrasound in the AIUM test object is 1 m/s 1.54 m/s 1.54 mm/ us 1km/s

1.54 mm/ us

If wires in an AIUM test object do not appear in the same place as the display, what is amiss? Registration accuracy Dynamic range accuracy Near gain Grayscale dynamic range

Registration accuracy

How many data bits are needed to represent 46 grade shades? 46 5 6 8

The Fresnel is the Focus Far zone Near zone Penetration depth

Near zone

Which of the following is associated with cavitation? Thermal index Snells law Avogadro’s number Mechanical index

Mechanical index

Which of the following best describes the mechanistic approach to the study of bio effects? Cause- effect Exposure – response Risk – benefit Causation – reaction Effect – micro streaming

Cause – effect

Which of the following best describes the empirical approach to the study of bio effects? Exposure – response Cause – effect Risk – benefit Causation – reaction Effect – micro streaming

Exposure – response

The interaction of microscopic bubbles and ultrasound form the basis for cavitation bio effects. Which of the following forms of cavitation are most likely to produce micro streaming, and the intracellular fluid and shear stresses? Stable cavitation Normal cavitation Transient cavitation Inertial cavitation Active cavitation

Stable cavitation

The consolidation of mini images into a single frame, best describes which of the following? Dynamic range Fill in interpolation Phase quadrature Persistence

Persistence

What artifact is created by an object that is located deeper than the image? Range ambiguity Shadowing Speckle Section thickness

Range ambiguity

Which of the following will eliminate range ambiguity, artifact? Increase wall filter Coded excitation Lower frequency, transducer Frequency compounding

Coded excitation

Which of the following will eliminate range ambiguity artifact? Increase wall filter Imaging deeper Lower frequency, transducer Frequency compounding

Imaging deeper

Which of the following will eliminate range ambiguity artifact? Raising the PRF Lowering the PRF Lower frequency, transducer Frequency compounding

Lowering the PRF

Identify one of the advantages of coded excitation Improved contrast resolution Improved lateral resolution Improved temporal resolution Shorter pulse repetition period

Improved contrast resolution

All of the following are true of normal cavitation, except Harmful bio effects are commonly observed It is also known as inertial cavitation Only 10% increase in pressure is needed to convert to this from stable cavitation Temperatures in the thousands of degrees are created It is consistent with shock waves

Harmful bio effects are commonly observed

Where does coded excitation originate? The demodulator The flux capacitor The transducer The pulser

The pulser

Which of the following has the greatest output power? B mode Grayscale Imaging CW Doppler Pulsed Doppler

Pulsed Doppler

Do you enter a hospital room to perform an ultrasound exam. Which of the following should you do first? Check the room number Ask a nurse to confirm the patients name Ask the patient visitors to leave the room Politely check the patient’s wristband for identification

Politely check the patient’s wristband for identification

You encounter a patient that does not speak English. Which of the following is best to obtain informed consent? Call for a hospital interpreter Use sign language Point to the signature line of the consent form and have the patient seen it

Call for a hospital interpreter

The creation of an image by scanning from different angles, best describes__________ Spatial compounding Fill in interpolation. Phase quadrature Persistence

Spatial compounding

What is the meaning of a thermal index = 3? Tissue temperature may rise 3°F Tissue temperature will rise 3°C Tissue temperature may rise 3°C Micro bubbles 3 mm in diameter will burst

Tissue temperature may rise 3°C

Identify one of the advantages of coded excitation Penetration Improved lateral resolution Improved temporal resolution Shorter pulse repetition period

Penetration

Which of these boundaries will create the strongest reflection? Air– lung Air – soft tissue Air – blood Soft tissue – blood

Air – soft tissue

Which of these boundaries will create the weakest reflection? Air – lung Air – soft tissue Air – blood Soft tissue – blood

Soft tissue – blood

An object is located at a depth of 10 cm. The imaging depth is 7 cm. At what depth will a reflection from the object appear on the image? 10 cm 7 cm 17 cm 3 cm

3 cm

Which of the following modalities has the greatest output power? Grayscale Pulsed Doppler Continuous wave Doppler Elastography

Pulsed Doppler

Which of the following modalities has the lowest output power? Grayscale Pulsed Doppler Continuous wave Doppler Elastography

Grayscale

How often should electrical safety checks be performed on an Endo cavity transducer?

Before each exam