Test Questions- Flashcards

1
Q

How did the railroads start commercial aviation

A

The rail road industry accused the government of creating a monopoly on carrying mail by air which ultimately created the airmail act

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2
Q

What was the significance of the air commerce act

A

Created the caa which is the precursor to the FAA

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3
Q

What is the function of the CAB

A

The cab is charged with making the safety rules, conducting aircraft accident investigations and the economic regulations of the airlines

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4
Q

How did the deregulation affect the airline industry

A

Created the airline hub and spoke system allowing airlines to fly where they want without federal restrictions

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5
Q

What act created the FAA

A

Federal aviation act of 1958

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6
Q

What act created the tsa

A

The attacks of 9/11

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7
Q

What is the significance of the airport and airway development act of 1970

A

This was created to fill funding gaps in the airport and airway system

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8
Q

What are the challenges facing our industry in the future

A

New security measures the implementation of next gen and uav operations and spaceport operations

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9
Q

Who are the big dog Tennant’s of a commercial service and general aviation airport

A

Air carriers

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10
Q

What is an FBO

A

Fixed base operator provides mostly fuel

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11
Q

What is an saso

A

Specialized aviation service operators- flight schools aviation maintenance operators aircraft charters and rentals
Helicopter operators

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12
Q

Approximately how many airports are in the us

A

19,636

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13
Q

How many commercial service airports are there in the us?

A
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14
Q

What is the minimum enplanements to be considered a commercial service airport

A

2500

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15
Q

What is a ga reliever airport

A

Relieves airport congestion

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16
Q

What is the difference between a joint use and shared use airport

A

A joint use airport is entirely owned by the DOD both military and civilian aircraft make shared use of the airfield
Renting an inlaw apartment

A shared use airport is a US government owned airport that co-located with a civil airport and they share portions of the runway
-Owning a duplex

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17
Q

What is a part 91 flight operation

A

A private flight - aka general aviation

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18
Q

What is a part 119 flight operation mean

A

Identifies basic requirements when flying for hire

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19
Q

What is part 132 flight operation

A
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20
Q

What does part 121 flight operation do

A

Scheduled air carrier

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21
Q

What is part 135 flight operations

A

Air charter air taxi- commuter and on demand operations

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22
Q

What is part 125 flight operations

A

Corporate shuttle-vacations /resorts

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23
Q

What is part 380 flight operations

A

Public charters - airline leases a plane to a resort company

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24
Q

What is a public charter

A

When an airlines leases a plane to a resort company- part 380

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25
Q

What items are pilots required to check before flying

A
Airport facility directory -aka chart supplements
Notice to airmen
Weather-
Weight and balance
Aircraft performance
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26
Q

Above what altitude are aircraft required to file an instrument flight plan

A

18000 ft

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27
Q

What are the rules for keeping aircraft separated under visual flight rules

A

1000 ft ceiling and 3 miles of visibility

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28
Q

What are the types of charts pilots use for vfr and ifr

A

Sectional charts

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29
Q

What are the 3 types of aircraft approachs

A

Visual
Non precision
Precision

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30
Q

CFR part 77

A

Obstructions - safe efficient use and preservation of the navigable airspace

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31
Q

CFR part 107

A

UAV’s

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32
Q

CFR part 150

A

Airport noise

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33
Q

Title 49 CFR 1542

A

Airport security

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34
Q

Title 49 CFR part 1544

A

Airline security regulations

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35
Q

Title 14 CFR part 36

A

Plane noise

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36
Q

Title 14 CFR part 91

A

Private operation or general aviation

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37
Q

Title 14 CFR part 121

A

Scheduled airlines

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38
Q

Title 14 CFR part 135

A

Air taxi certain charter and commuters

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39
Q

How long is the comment period open when notice of proposed rule making happens

A

30 days

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40
Q

What is the tucker act

A

Waives immunity over claims arising out of contracts with the federal government

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41
Q

Tort claims act

A

Waives immunity if the act of a government employee was negligent or constitutes some other tort- violated some sort of contract

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42
Q

What is the difference between an airport sponsor and the airport director

A

Sponsor owns the airport the executive charged with operating the airport

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43
Q

What is a branch of government that operates like a business

A

Enterprise fund

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44
Q

Who does the FAA say is the responsible entity over an airport

A

Sponsor

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45
Q

What are the two predominant forms of airport ownership in the us

A

Municipality and authority

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46
Q

What are some advantages of a municipally owned airport

A

Easier access to resource’s, funding and functional elements plus the power to issue bonds and take land

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47
Q

What are the disadvantages of a municipal owned airport

A

Policy makers have less time for airport issues, fiscal constraints

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48
Q

What are the advantages of an authority

A

Specialized attention, less political influences more business oriented

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49
Q

What are the differences of an autority owned airport

A

More difficult to access municipal resources such as road maintenance when needed and additional funding

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50
Q

What are the primary FAA offices that a manager will engage with

A

ADO,FSDO- flight standards district office, ATO-air traffic organization, AST- office of commercial space transportation

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51
Q

What’s the difference between a FAA circular and a FAA order

A

An FAA circular provides guidance and information in a designated subject areas and explains the intent if a federal regulation an FAA order gives directives -“must do’s” on specific subjects and programs issued by the FAA and provides guidance and instruction to FAA personnel on compliance, airport safety, operations and other issues

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52
Q

What does an ACRP- airport cooperative research program show

A

Peer reviewed research on airport management topics

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53
Q

What does paras- program for applied research in airport security do

A

Peer reviewed research on airport security topics

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54
Q

What are two primary documents issued by the TSA

A

SD’s Security directives - provide direction to change security requirements

Ic’s- information circulars - provide best practices and other information

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55
Q

What are grant assurances

A

Promises the airport sponsor makes when it accepts AIP me ney or land from the federal government

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56
Q

Why does the FAA use grant assurances

A

They are the most effective means for extending federal government policy

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57
Q

What 3 competing interests do grant assurances balance

A

They allow the executive to better manage local affairs-

They meet the FAA requirement the federal funds are used for public air transportation

They meet the goal of the federal government to promote social objectives such as dbe and ada requirements

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58
Q

How long are assurances in effect

A

20 years or the life(if property) or life of an asset

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59
Q

What if you violate grant assurances

A

You risk losing federal funds by being placed on a noncompliance list

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60
Q

What is grant assurance#24

A

Fee and rental structure-are we charging enough $ to be self sustainable

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61
Q

What is grant assurance #25

A

Airport revenue- ensures airport revenue is spent on airport expences

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62
Q

What is airport law

A

A phrase used to describe a collection of FAA regulations adjudications various statutes grant assurances advisory circulars and court decisions at the local, state and federal levels

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63
Q

What happens when the airport accepts federal money or land

A

The airport is in a closed fiscal system-revenues generated at the airport must be extended at the airport

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64
Q

What is the role of the FAA related to the airport operator

A

They are the regulator, the gift giver, the permission giver and the operator of the air traffic control tower

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65
Q

What is ICAO and what do they do

A

Icao-international civil aviation organization the secure international cooperation and uniformity in regulations and standards including sarps

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66
Q

What does sarps stand for

A

Standards and recommended practices

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67
Q

What are the two types of on airport land

A

Aeronautical use and non-aeronautical use

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68
Q

What are two types of off airport land use

A

Compatible land use and incompatible land use

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69
Q

What is aeronautical use land

A

Reserved for aeronautical activity - any activity that involves, makes possible or is required for the operation of aircraft or that contributes to or is required for the safety of such operations

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70
Q

Airports must get approval from who to reclassify aeronautical land to non aeronautical land

A

The FAS

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71
Q

What is grant assurance 29

A

Airport layout plan

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72
Q

What is compatible land use

A

Does not interfere with flight operations or is not adversely affected by flight operations (commercial, light industrial)

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73
Q

What is incompatible land use

A

Residential, schools, churches, hospitals or health facilities concert halls

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74
Q

What are some options for airport operators to attempt to prevent incompatible land use

A
Airport master plan
Noise compatibility studies
Adopt ordinances
Educate zoning 
Develop or allow concurrent land use:ie allowing agricultural use on property that is protecting a runway approach
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75
Q

What does grant assurance 19 operations and maintenance requires the airport to______?

A

Be operated at all times in a safe and serviceable condition

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76
Q

Why does the FAA encourage airports to have minimum standards

A

It helps ensure an adequate level of safe and efficient service is available to the public

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77
Q

What is an example of just discrimination

A

A Tennant wanting to do business but there is no room for them at the airport

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78
Q

What does the exclusive rights grant assurance #23 require and what are the exceptions

A

Grant assurance #23 cannot grant an aeronautical Tennant the exclusive right to conduct a particular commercial aeronautical service

Exceptions: unreasonable costly, burdensome or impractical for more than one fbo to provide such services and if allowing more than one fbo to provide such service would require the reduction of space leased to an existing Tennant

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79
Q

Can aircraft owners provide certain services to their own plane using their own personal equipment and supplies

A

Yes

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80
Q

Is self fueling a permitted activity

A

Yes

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81
Q

What is a through the fence agreement-

A

Prevents an airport from taking actions that may deprive it of it’s rights and powers to direct and control airport development and comply with grant assurances

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82
Q

What is revenue diversion

A

Revenue diversion isthe use of airport revenue for purposes other than airport capital or operating costs.

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83
Q

What are the 3 types of airport revenue

A

Aeronautical
Non-aeronautical
Non-oprrating

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84
Q

What are the types of aeronautical revenue

A

Landing fees, fuel flowage fees, ground leases,and hangar leases

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85
Q

Where does non aeronautical revenue come from

A

Concessions, vehicle parking, ground transportation,, access fees,rental car fees,ad space industrial parks

86
Q

Where does non operating revenue come from

A

Taxes on personal property possessory interest, grant money, passenger facility charges and customer facility charges

87
Q

What can you use airport revenue for

A

Airport capitol and operating costs-salaries and utilities

Air travel related promotional expenditures-air service development travels

Cooperative airline-airport marketing expenses-joint marketing agreements with ceattin air carriers

Reimbursements to sponsors for capitol or operating costs - reimbursement for services such as police fire etc

88
Q

What is the most common aeronautical charge at a commercial service airport

A

Landing fees

89
Q

What is the benefit to the community of having an airport

A

New money that comes into the community and the creation of jobs

90
Q

What is grant assurance #24

A

Fee and rental structure- requires the airport sponsor to set fees and lease rates and other charges that are directed at making the airport as self sustaining as possible - no sweetheart deals keeping in mind those that are not using abaition should not have to pay for it.

91
Q

What are airports prohibited from factoring in to the rate base

A

The cost of airport property improvements or noise mitigation programs that were paid for with federal funds

92
Q

What does self sustainability mean

A

Those not using aviation should not have to pay for it -maintain the utility of the federal investment in the airport

93
Q

What can be included in the rate base

A
Everything- 
Cost of airfield facility
Services provided for aeronautical users (snow removal arff) 
Debt service
Cash reserves
Environmental costs
94
Q

Airports can make reasonable distinctions between users such as signatory versus non-signatory
True or false

A

True

95
Q

How do residual agreements work

A

The airline(s) cover the additional expenses of the airport- the airport pays whatever the airline can not

96
Q

What is a compensatory agreement

A

Sponsor assumes all liability for airport costs and retains all revenue

97
Q

What is a hybrid agreement

A

Combination of residual and compensatory- that can result in the airlines sharing in airport revenue

98
Q

What is a public subsidy approach agreement

A

The local government agency offsets the difference between the revenue and the expenses by subsidizing the airports operation

99
Q

What are the 4 kinds of airport budgets

A

Line item
Performance based
Zero based
Program budgeting

100
Q

What is a line item budget

A

Assigns money to each unit- goal is to not have anything left at the end of the year

101
Q

What is a performance based budget

A

Funds are allocated based on the desires level of service

102
Q

What is program budgeting

A

Throwing $ at one big project

103
Q

What is zero based budgeting

A

Every budget starts at zero items at the top of the list get funded first

104
Q

When are federal procurement policies and process required to be used

A

When Using federal funds

105
Q

What are federal procurement policies designed to do

A

Promote fair and open completion and to ensure integrity in the public procurement process

106
Q

What kind offunds can be used that does not require you to follow federal procurement policies

A

Pfcs

107
Q

What are the various types of contracts and their central elements

A

Fixed fee contract unless an exception is made for time and materials contract

Value engineering promotes the substitution of materials and methods with less expensive alternatives that do not compromise functionality

108
Q

What are the dollar requirements and minimum public posting requirements for construction contracts using federal funding

A

Contracts over 100,000.00 dollars

Bid should stay open for at least 30 days

109
Q

What are dbe requirements

A

Socially and economically disadvantaged individuals who own at least 51% interest of the business and control management and daily business operations. The personal net worth standard used in determining eligibility is 1.32 million

110
Q

Under the ______ _____ ______ contracts for construction and equipment must go to the lowest responsive bidder

A

The sealed bid method

111
Q

CFR part 26 requires airports to implement a DBE program if they anticipate awarding more the $________ in prime contracts using federal funds during a fiscal year

A

250,000.000

112
Q

What are the 4 areas airport executives should assess when upgrading a computer system

A

Compatibility and integration
Security and safety
Sociability
Usability

113
Q

Outsiders are responsible for what ,% of all data breaches

A

50-60%

114
Q

Identify the types of cyber security attacks and explain how they work

A

Malware - malicious software activated through clicking a hyperlink

Phishing- steel credit card information/ssn# - come in emails phone calls messages

Spear phishing - is a highly targeted attack where emails are sent to only a few individuals in an organization

Identity theft/data mining - examining large data bases in order to generate new information

Social engineering - the art of human manipulation - attacker pretends to be someone trusted then uses leverage to gain information the attacker desires

115
Q

What is the art of human manipulation - attacker pretends to be someone trusted then uses leverage to gain information the attacker desires

A

Social engineering

116
Q

What are 3 types of insurance under cgl

A

Hangar keepers
Premises liability
Product liability

117
Q

What does commercial general liability coverage cover with hangar keepers

A

Damage to an aircraft

118
Q

What does commercial general liability coverage contain with premises liability

A

Coverage of injury to persons or property

119
Q

What does commercial general liability coverage contain with product liability

A

Fuel and oil usage

120
Q

Identify methods to reduce risk on the airport

A

Comply with part 139
Training and comply with TSA &FAA (1542 & 139)
Risk analysis programs
Daily inspection programs
Screen employees for safety & security issues
Provide accurate information to users: ie NOTAMS
Blanket insurance policy provisions for all stakeholders and riders
Develop environmental policies and follow environmental rules

121
Q

What are the four basic types of leases

A

Straight lease
Graduated lease
Revaluation lease
Percentage lease

122
Q

What are the critical elements of a leasehold agreement

A

Recitals -aka terms and conditions
The term- date and duration , rates fees and charges plus rate adjustments, taxes, improvements, repairs and maintenance, indemnity insurance use of property and subletting and expiration of the lease

123
Q

What is a CFC and what is it used for

A

Customer facility charge-

Used for capitol improvement projects , landside related operations and maintenance projects

124
Q

What are the types of bonds

A
General obligation bonds
Revenue bonds 
Special facility
Hybrid bonds
Industrial development bonds
125
Q

Whats a pfc ?

A

Passenger facility charges-

126
Q

What are the approved pfc uses

A
Approved projects 
Allowable costs 
AIP matching
Augment AIP projects 
Payments of debts
127
Q

What is required for a project to be eligible for AIP money

A
Aligned with plans 
Money must be available
Project completed  without undue delay
Airport is in the NPIAS
Involves more then 25000 in funds
Alp must be current
128
Q

What is the federal share of a project depending on the airport size

A

Large or medium hub -75% or 80%

Small non-hubs and general aviation -90%

129
Q

What are 3 types of AIP money and how are they disbursed

A

Entitlement-awarded through a formula
Set aside- noise military ga reliever state apportionment
Discretionary- what’s left over

130
Q

What is a program guidance letter

A

Adds or revises guidance on the aip program

131
Q

What are the five steps of airport property development

A
Assess
Conduct a market analysis to determine if there is a demand
Develop a proforma 
Construction phase
Operating plan
132
Q

What is a mag

A

Minimum annual guarantee -

133
Q

What is an MII clause

A

Majority in interest clauses

134
Q

What is a signatory Carrier

A

Made a major investment or commitment to the airport

135
Q

What are the advantages of concessions before security

A

Increased exposure

Cost efficiency

136
Q

What are the disadvantages of concessions before security

A

Passengers want to get through security

137
Q

What are the advantages of concessions after security

A

Secure facilities

Capture connecting traffic

138
Q

What are the disadvantages of concessions after security

A

Higher cost

139
Q

Part 119 flight operation identifies what

A

Basic requirements when flying for hire

140
Q

Part 121 flight operation identifies what

A

Scheduled air carrier

141
Q

An enterprise fund is a branch of government that operates like a what

A

Bisiness

142
Q

What is the purpose of the ALP

A

Airport layout plan- grant assurance #29 refers to an individual document that portrays many elements of an airport including runways taxiways terminal layout and other data

143
Q

What are the important elements of the ALP cover sheet

A

Signature blocks and area maps

144
Q

What are the important elements of the ALP sheet

A

Existsting and future planned facilities

145
Q

What are the important elements of the ALP data sheet

A

Wind roses , other information (airport reference code, runway length etc)

146
Q

What are the important elements of the ALP facilities layout plan-terminal area plan

A

Terminal buildings, heights of buildings , ownership, leasehold

147
Q

What are the important elements of the ALP airspace drawings

A

Imaginary surfaces used for identify ing obstructions

148
Q

What are the important elements of the ALP inner portion of the approach surface drawing

A

Focuses on obstructions on the approach paths

149
Q

What are the important elements of the ALP airport land use compatibility plan

A

Shows land use on and around the airport

150
Q

What documents are required to be in you alp

A

Cover sheet
Alp sheet
Data sheet
Facilities layout plan/terminal area plan
Airport airspace drawing
Inner portion of the approach surface drawing
Airport land use compatibility plan

151
Q

What does the ALP do

A
Provides FAA funding 
Blueprint for airport development 
Public information
Plan for improvement
Working tool for airport staff
152
Q

What does the ALP not do

A

Cannot accommodate the forecasted aeronautical needs

153
Q

When should the ALP be updated

A

At all times but should be reviews every 2-7 years

154
Q

What is the FAA criteria for approving an Alp update

A

Safe
Useful
efficient

155
Q

What document that provides information to the pilot must be update on an annual basis

A

Airport facility directory

156
Q

What is the NPIAS

A

National plan of integrated airport systems

157
Q

What are the FAA principals related to airports

A
Safe and efficient
Affordable
Flexible &expandable 
Permanent
Maintain balance 
Support national objectives
Extensive
158
Q

Why are state/regional plans conducted

A

To better integrate how the airports within a region or state form a connected system of transportation- intermodal

159
Q

What are the steps of an airport master plan

A
Project scope
Consultant selection
Existing conditions
Forecasting
Facility requirements
Alternative designs
Alp update
Financial feasibility analysis
Implementation plan
Capitol improvement plan
160
Q

How do slots work

A

A block of time allocated to airport users to perform aircraft operation

161
Q

What is the problem with differential pricing

A

Discriminates against General aviation

162
Q

What are the traffic management initiatives used by the FAA to manage capacity and delay

A

Slot allocation
Diversion
Balancing

163
Q

What is the airport acceptance rate

A

An agreed upon number of aircraft that can land at a given airport in a one hour period

164
Q

Delays increase exponentialaly beyond what time frame

A

4-6 minutes

165
Q

How does practical annual capacity work

A

Level of operation that results in not more than four minutes average delay per aircraft in a normal peak two hour window

166
Q

How does practical hourly capacity work

A

Total combined capacity measure of the runway, taxiway and gate areas
Capacity of runway per hour

167
Q

How is throughput capacity measured

A

Capacity of runway per hour per year /

Software modeling

168
Q

What are factors involved in capacity analysis

A
  • Airspace(runways)-more airspace more runways
  • Airfield (taxiways and ramps )
  • Terminal (gates)
  • Ground access (roadways)- traffic backups
169
Q

What is the definition of capacity

A

The ability of a portion of airspace or an airport to handle a given volume of traffic (demand) within a specified time period

170
Q

What element of next gen is replacing radar

A

Ads-b

171
Q

What is ads-b

A

Automatic
Dependent
Surveillance
Broadcast

172
Q

What does swim stand for

A

System wide information management

173
Q

What does data comm do

A

Replaces two way radio transmissions

174
Q

What is awos-local

A

A basic awos measures barometric pressure and altimeter

175
Q

What is ASOS - FAA installed

A

Provide local weather observation

176
Q

What is the level for awos and ASOS

A

Level “A”stations - which include major hubs or airports with the potential for severe weather

177
Q

What does the flight service station do

A
Provides pilot briefing
Aircraft en route communication
Visual flight rule search and rescue services
Originating and disseminating NOTAMS
Monitors navaids
178
Q

What are the components of the ILS System

A

Localizer-projects a radio frequency
Glideslope- vertical height information
Marker beacons - precise distance location information
Dme (distance measuring equipment)- used on approaches

179
Q

What is WAAS

A

Wide area augmentation system -allows category 1 instrument landing systems (ILS) approaches

180
Q

What is gbas- ground based augmentation system

A

Ground based augmentation system

Allows for category 2 and category 3 instrument landing systems (ILS) approaches

181
Q

What is the difference between the movement and non movement area

A

Non-movememt- uncontrolled or ramp tower- ramp areas, aircraft parking areas and other areas where aircraft and vehicles operate directed by airport or airline

Movement area- controlled by air traffic
Runways taxiways and other areas as determined through an agreement between airport operator and the control tower

182
Q

What is the air operations area

A

Non movement area controlled by the atct

183
Q

What is considered substantial use

A

The largest commercial service aircraft that serves the airport or the largest plane with more then 500 annual itinerant operations or as determined with the FAA and future vision of the airport

184
Q

How is the runway design code determined

A

The approach speed of the design -aircraft

  • The airway approach category
  • The wingspan or tail height of the design aircraft whichever is greater
  • The aircraft design group
  • Visibility requirements for instrument approach runways
185
Q

How is the airport reference code determined

A

The airport reference code is a designation that signifies the airports highest runway design code minus the visibility component of the runway design code

186
Q

What is the distance between parallel runways that require precision runway guidance monitoring radar

A

2600-4300’

187
Q

What is a displaced threshold

A

When an object obstructs the airspace needed for landing aircraft
Noise abatement - an imaginary line above the normal approach line to avoid trees or builds that may have popped up

188
Q

What is a safety area and why does it exist

A

A rectangular area including the runway or a taxiway and the sourroundung surfaces

Reduces the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot overshoot or excursion

189
Q

What is the function of the runway protection zone

A

Designed to protect the final approach areas

190
Q

What is the function of the obstacle free zone

A

To protect aircraft and block off airspace

191
Q

What is the object free area

A

Ground area centered on runway taxiway or taxi line center line
Nothing there except fixed by function and frangible or mobile

192
Q

What are the three types of aprons

A

Terminal
Remote- Ron’s
Hangar

193
Q

What is a stand guidance system

A

Visual aid located on the side of a terminal building so as to be viewed from the pilots perspective as they approach the aircraft parking location

194
Q

What are heliport design principals

A
Based on design helicopter 
Maximum weight/ minimum contact area
Rotor diameter 
Final approach and takeoff
Touch down and lift off
195
Q

Describe the construction safety meeting process

A
Pre design 
Design
Preconstruction
Construction 
Inspection phases
196
Q

What are the 5 imaginary surfaces- “patch”

A
Approach surfaces
Conical surfaces 
Primary surface
Horizontal surfaces 
Transitional surfaces
197
Q

What is the distance of the imaginary surfaces approach slope

A

50000’

198
Q

What is the difference between 7460-1 and 7460-2

A

7460-1 know of an obstruction ahead of time

7460-2 - obstruction not known about contact atct

199
Q

What are the three components of the terminal system

A

Flight interface -gates to aircraft
Passenger processing -
Landside

200
Q

According to the gas guidance approximately how much of the terminal space should be available for rent percentage

A

55%

201
Q

What percent of terminal space is useable for concessions

A

15-25%

202
Q
What are landside planning assumptions regarding 
vehicle lengths for parking
Private
Taxi 
limo 
Bus
A

Private automobile 25 ‘
Taxi-20’
Limo-30’
Public bus-50’

203
Q

The FAA says an airport should plan for ____&& parking spaces for every 1million originating passengers

A

1000-1400

204
Q

What are the 5 types of horizontal distribution models related to terminal design- pless

A
Linear
Simple
Elongating
Pier
Satellite
205
Q

What are the 3 types of fis -federal inspection services

A

Capis- custom accelerated passenger processing service - slowest because it’s 2 steps
One stop- combines customs and immigration
Red-green- nothing to declare

206
Q

Elicitation

A

Information gathering

207
Q

Grant assurance 22

A

Economic nondiscrimination

208
Q

Grant assurance #23

A

Exclusive rights

209
Q

Fonsi

A

Finding of no significant impact

210
Q

Rod

A

Record of decision