Test Questions- Flashcards
1
Q
How did the railroads start commercial aviation
A
The rail road industry accused the government of creating a monopoly on carrying mail by air which ultimately created the airmail act
2
Q
What was the significance of the air commerce act
A
Created the caa which is the precursor to the FAA
3
Q
What is the function of the CAB
A
The cab is charged with making the safety rules, conducting aircraft accident investigations and the economic regulations of the airlines
4
Q
How did the deregulation affect the airline industry
A
Created the airline hub and spoke system allowing airlines to fly where they want without federal restrictions
5
Q
What act created the FAA
A
Federal aviation act of 1958
6
Q
What act created the tsa
A
The attacks of 9/11
7
Q
What is the significance of the airport and airway development act of 1970
A
This was created to fill funding gaps in the airport and airway system
8
Q
What are the challenges facing our industry in the future
A
New security measures the implementation of next gen and uav operations and spaceport operations
9
Q
Who are the big dog Tennant’s of a commercial service and general aviation airport
A
Air carriers
10
Q
What is an FBO
A
Fixed base operator provides mostly fuel
11
Q
What is an saso
A
Specialized aviation service operators- flight schools aviation maintenance operators aircraft charters and rentals
Helicopter operators
12
Q
Approximately how many airports are in the us
A
19,636
13
Q
How many commercial service airports are there in the us?
A
14
Q
What is the minimum enplanements to be considered a commercial service airport
A
2500
15
Q
What is a ga reliever airport
A
Relieves airport congestion
16
Q
What is the difference between a joint use and shared use airport
A
A joint use airport is entirely owned by the DOD both military and civilian aircraft make shared use of the airfield
Renting an inlaw apartment
A shared use airport is a US government owned airport that co-located with a civil airport and they share portions of the runway
-Owning a duplex
17
Q
What is a part 91 flight operation
A
A private flight - aka general aviation
18
Q
What is a part 119 flight operation mean
A
Identifies basic requirements when flying for hire
19
Q
What is part 132 flight operation
A
20
Q
What does part 121 flight operation do
A
Scheduled air carrier
21
Q
What is part 135 flight operations
A
Air charter air taxi- commuter and on demand operations
22
Q
What is part 125 flight operations
A
Corporate shuttle-vacations /resorts
23
Q
What is part 380 flight operations
A
Public charters - airline leases a plane to a resort company
24
Q
What is a public charter
A
When an airlines leases a plane to a resort company- part 380
25
What items are pilots required to check before flying
```
Airport facility directory -aka chart supplements
Notice to airmen
Weather-
Weight and balance
Aircraft performance
```
26
Above what altitude are aircraft required to file an instrument flight plan
18000 ft
27
What are the rules for keeping aircraft separated under visual flight rules
1000 ft ceiling and 3 miles of visibility
28
What are the types of charts pilots use for vfr and ifr
Sectional charts
29
What are the 3 types of aircraft approachs
Visual
Non precision
Precision
30
CFR part 77
Obstructions - safe efficient use and preservation of the navigable airspace
31
CFR part 107
UAV's
32
CFR part 150
Airport noise
33
Title 49 CFR 1542
Airport security
34
Title 49 CFR part 1544
Airline security regulations
35
Title 14 CFR part 36
Plane noise
36
Title 14 CFR part 91
Private operation or general aviation
37
Title 14 CFR part 121
Scheduled airlines
38
Title 14 CFR part 135
Air taxi certain charter and commuters
39
How long is the comment period open when notice of proposed rule making happens
30 days
40
What is the tucker act
Waives immunity over claims arising out of contracts with the federal government
41
Tort claims act
Waives immunity if the act of a government employee was negligent or constitutes some other tort- violated some sort of contract
42
What is the difference between an airport sponsor and the airport director
Sponsor owns the airport the executive charged with operating the airport
43
What is a branch of government that operates like a business
Enterprise fund
44
Who does the FAA say is the responsible entity over an airport
Sponsor
45
What are the two predominant forms of airport ownership in the us
Municipality and authority
46
What are some advantages of a municipally owned airport
Easier access to resource's, funding and functional elements plus the power to issue bonds and take land
47
What are the disadvantages of a municipal owned airport
Policy makers have less time for airport issues, fiscal constraints
48
What are the advantages of an authority
Specialized attention, less political influences more business oriented
49
What are the differences of an autority owned airport
More difficult to access municipal resources such as road maintenance when needed and additional funding
50
What are the primary FAA offices that a manager will engage with
ADO,FSDO- flight standards district office, ATO-air traffic organization, AST- office of commercial space transportation
51
What's the difference between a FAA circular and a FAA order
An FAA circular provides guidance and information in a designated subject areas and explains the intent if a federal regulation an FAA order gives directives -"must do's" on specific subjects and programs issued by the FAA and provides guidance and instruction to FAA personnel on compliance, airport safety, operations and other issues
52
What does an ACRP- airport cooperative research program show
Peer reviewed research on airport management topics
53
What does paras- program for applied research in airport security do
Peer reviewed research on airport security topics
54
What are two primary documents issued by the TSA
SD's Security directives - provide direction to change security requirements
Ic's- information circulars - provide best practices and other information
55
What are grant assurances
Promises the airport sponsor makes when it accepts AIP me ney or land from the federal government
56
Why does the FAA use grant assurances
They are the most effective means for extending federal government policy
57
What 3 competing interests do grant assurances balance
They allow the executive to better manage local affairs-
They meet the FAA requirement the federal funds are used for public air transportation
They meet the goal of the federal government to promote social objectives such as dbe and ada requirements
58
How long are assurances in effect
20 years or the life(if property) or life of an asset
59
What if you violate grant assurances
You risk losing federal funds by being placed on a noncompliance list
60
What is grant assurance#24
Fee and rental structure-are we charging enough $ to be self sustainable
61
What is grant assurance #25
Airport revenue- ensures airport revenue is spent on airport expences
62
What is airport law
A phrase used to describe a collection of FAA regulations adjudications various statutes grant assurances advisory circulars and court decisions at the local, state and federal levels
63
What happens when the airport accepts federal money or land
The airport is in a closed fiscal system-revenues generated at the airport must be extended at the airport
64
What is the role of the FAA related to the airport operator
They are the regulator, the gift giver, the permission giver and the operator of the air traffic control tower
65
What is ICAO and what do they do
Icao-international civil aviation organization the secure international cooperation and uniformity in regulations and standards including sarps
66
What does sarps stand for
Standards and recommended practices
67
What are the two types of on airport land
Aeronautical use and non-aeronautical use
68
What are two types of off airport land use
Compatible land use and incompatible land use
69
What is aeronautical use land
Reserved for aeronautical activity - any activity that involves, makes possible or is required for the operation of aircraft or that contributes to or is required for the safety of such operations
70
Airports must get approval from who to reclassify aeronautical land to non aeronautical land
The FAS
71
What is grant assurance 29
Airport layout plan
72
What is compatible land use
Does not interfere with flight operations or is not adversely affected by flight operations (commercial, light industrial)
73
What is incompatible land use
Residential, schools, churches, hospitals or health facilities concert halls
74
What are some options for airport operators to attempt to prevent incompatible land use
```
Airport master plan
Noise compatibility studies
Adopt ordinances
Educate zoning
Develop or allow concurrent land use:ie allowing agricultural use on property that is protecting a runway approach
```
75
What does grant assurance 19 operations and maintenance requires the airport to______?
Be operated at all times in a safe and serviceable condition
76
Why does the FAA encourage airports to have minimum standards
It helps ensure an adequate level of safe and efficient service is available to the public
77
What is an example of just discrimination
A Tennant wanting to do business but there is no room for them at the airport
78
What does the exclusive rights grant assurance #23 require and what are the exceptions
Grant assurance #23 cannot grant an aeronautical Tennant the exclusive right to conduct a particular commercial aeronautical service
Exceptions: unreasonable costly, burdensome or impractical for more than one fbo to provide such services and if allowing more than one fbo to provide such service would require the reduction of space leased to an existing Tennant
79
Can aircraft owners provide certain services to their own plane using their own personal equipment and supplies
Yes
80
Is self fueling a permitted activity
Yes
81
What is a through the fence agreement-
Prevents an airport from taking actions that may deprive it of it's rights and powers to direct and control airport development and comply with grant assurances
82
What is revenue diversion
Revenue diversion is the use of airport revenue for purposes other than airport capital or operating costs.
83
What are the 3 types of airport revenue
Aeronautical
Non-aeronautical
Non-oprrating
84
What are the types of aeronautical revenue
Landing fees, fuel flowage fees, ground leases,and hangar leases
85
Where does non aeronautical revenue come from
Concessions, vehicle parking, ground transportation,, access fees,rental car fees,ad space industrial parks
86
Where does non operating revenue come from
Taxes on personal property possessory interest, grant money, passenger facility charges and customer facility charges
87
What can you use airport revenue for
Airport capitol and operating costs-salaries and utilities
Air travel related promotional expenditures-air service development travels
Cooperative airline-airport marketing expenses-joint marketing agreements with ceattin air carriers
Reimbursements to sponsors for capitol or operating costs - reimbursement for services such as police fire etc
88
What is the most common aeronautical charge at a commercial service airport
Landing fees
89
What is the benefit to the community of having an airport
New money that comes into the community and the creation of jobs
90
What is grant assurance #24
Fee and rental structure- requires the airport sponsor to set fees and lease rates and other charges that are directed at making the airport as self sustaining as possible - no sweetheart deals keeping in mind those that are not using abaition should not have to pay for it.
91
What are airports prohibited from factoring in to the rate base
The cost of airport property improvements or noise mitigation programs that were paid for with federal funds
92
What does self sustainability mean
Those not using aviation should not have to pay for it -maintain the utility of the federal investment in the airport
93
What can be included in the rate base
```
Everything-
Cost of airfield facility
Services provided for aeronautical users (snow removal arff)
Debt service
Cash reserves
Environmental costs
```
94
Airports can make reasonable distinctions between users such as signatory versus non-signatory
True or false
True
95
How do residual agreements work
The airline(s) cover the additional expenses of the airport- the airport pays whatever the airline can not
96
What is a compensatory agreement
Sponsor assumes all liability for airport costs and retains all revenue
97
What is a hybrid agreement
Combination of residual and compensatory- that can result in the airlines sharing in airport revenue
98
What is a public subsidy approach agreement
The local government agency offsets the difference between the revenue and the expenses by subsidizing the airports operation
99
What are the 4 kinds of airport budgets
Line item
Performance based
Zero based
Program budgeting
100
What is a line item budget
Assigns money to each unit- goal is to not have anything left at the end of the year
101
What is a performance based budget
Funds are allocated based on the desires level of service
102
What is program budgeting
Throwing $ at one big project
103
What is zero based budgeting
Every budget starts at zero items at the top of the list get funded first
104
When are federal procurement policies and process required to be used
When Using federal funds
105
What are federal procurement policies designed to do
Promote fair and open completion and to ensure integrity in the public procurement process
106
What kind offunds can be used that does not require you to follow federal procurement policies
Pfcs
107
What are the various types of contracts and their central elements
Fixed fee contract unless an exception is made for time and materials contract
Value engineering promotes the substitution of materials and methods with less expensive alternatives that do not compromise functionality
108
What are the dollar requirements and minimum public posting requirements for construction contracts using federal funding
Contracts over 100,000.00 dollars
| Bid should stay open for at least 30 days
109
What are dbe requirements
Socially and economically disadvantaged individuals who own at least 51% interest of the business and control management and daily business operations. The personal net worth standard used in determining eligibility is 1.32 million
110
Under the ______ _____ ______ contracts for construction and equipment must go to the lowest responsive bidder
The sealed bid method
111
CFR part 26 requires airports to implement a DBE program if they anticipate awarding more the $________ in prime contracts using federal funds during a fiscal year
250,000.000
112
What are the 4 areas airport executives should assess when upgrading a computer system
Compatibility and integration
Security and safety
Sociability
Usability
113
Outsiders are responsible for what ,% of all data breaches
50-60%
114
Identify the types of cyber security attacks and explain how they work
Malware - malicious software activated through clicking a hyperlink
Phishing- steel credit card information/ssn# - come in emails phone calls messages
Spear phishing - is a highly targeted attack where emails are sent to only a few individuals in an organization
Identity theft/data mining - examining large data bases in order to generate new information
Social engineering - the art of human manipulation - attacker pretends to be someone trusted then uses leverage to gain information the attacker desires
115
What is the art of human manipulation - attacker pretends to be someone trusted then uses leverage to gain information the attacker desires
Social engineering
116
What are 3 types of insurance under cgl
Hangar keepers
Premises liability
Product liability
117
What does commercial general liability coverage cover with hangar keepers
Damage to an aircraft
118
What does commercial general liability coverage contain with premises liability
Coverage of injury to persons or property
119
What does commercial general liability coverage contain with product liability
Fuel and oil usage
120
Identify methods to reduce risk on the airport
Comply with part 139
Training and comply with TSA &FAA (1542 & 139)
Risk analysis programs
Daily inspection programs
Screen employees for safety & security issues
Provide accurate information to users: ie NOTAMS
Blanket insurance policy provisions for all stakeholders and riders
Develop environmental policies and follow environmental rules
121
What are the four basic types of leases
Straight lease
Graduated lease
Revaluation lease
Percentage lease
122
What are the critical elements of a leasehold agreement
Recitals -aka terms and conditions
The term- date and duration , rates fees and charges plus rate adjustments, taxes, improvements, repairs and maintenance, indemnity insurance use of property and subletting and expiration of the lease
123
What is a CFC and what is it used for
Customer facility charge-
| Used for capitol improvement projects , landside related operations and maintenance projects
124
What are the types of bonds
```
General obligation bonds
Revenue bonds
Special facility
Hybrid bonds
Industrial development bonds
```
125
Whats a pfc ?
Passenger facility charges-
126
What are the approved pfc uses
```
Approved projects
Allowable costs
AIP matching
Augment AIP projects
Payments of debts
```
127
What is required for a project to be eligible for AIP money
```
Aligned with plans
Money must be available
Project completed without undue delay
Airport is in the NPIAS
Involves more then 25000 in funds
Alp must be current
```
128
What is the federal share of a project depending on the airport size
Large or medium hub -75% or 80%
Small non-hubs and general aviation -90%
129
What are 3 types of AIP money and how are they disbursed
Entitlement-awarded through a formula
Set aside- noise military ga reliever state apportionment
Discretionary- what's left over
130
What is a program guidance letter
Adds or revises guidance on the aip program
131
What are the five steps of airport property development
```
Assess
Conduct a market analysis to determine if there is a demand
Develop a proforma
Construction phase
Operating plan
```
132
What is a mag
Minimum annual guarantee -
133
What is an MII clause
Majority in interest clauses
134
What is a signatory Carrier
Made a major investment or commitment to the airport
135
What are the advantages of concessions before security
Increased exposure
| Cost efficiency
136
What are the disadvantages of concessions before security
Passengers want to get through security
137
What are the advantages of concessions after security
Secure facilities
| Capture connecting traffic
138
What are the disadvantages of concessions after security
Higher cost
139
Part 119 flight operation identifies what
Basic requirements when flying for hire
140
Part 121 flight operation identifies what
Scheduled air carrier
141
An enterprise fund is a branch of government that operates like a what
Bisiness
142
What is the purpose of the ALP
Airport layout plan- grant assurance #29 refers to an individual document that portrays many elements of an airport including runways taxiways terminal layout and other data
143
What are the important elements of the ALP cover sheet
Signature blocks and area maps
144
What are the important elements of the ALP sheet
Existsting and future planned facilities
145
What are the important elements of the ALP data sheet
Wind roses , other information (airport reference code, runway length etc)
146
What are the important elements of the ALP facilities layout plan-terminal area plan
Terminal buildings, heights of buildings , ownership, leasehold
147
What are the important elements of the ALP airspace drawings
Imaginary surfaces used for identify ing obstructions
148
What are the important elements of the ALP inner portion of the approach surface drawing
Focuses on obstructions on the approach paths
149
What are the important elements of the ALP airport land use compatibility plan
Shows land use on and around the airport
150
What documents are required to be in you alp
Cover sheet
Alp sheet
Data sheet
Facilities layout plan/terminal area plan
Airport airspace drawing
Inner portion of the approach surface drawing
Airport land use compatibility plan
151
What does the ALP do
```
Provides FAA funding
Blueprint for airport development
Public information
Plan for improvement
Working tool for airport staff
```
152
What does the ALP not do
Cannot accommodate the forecasted aeronautical needs
153
When should the ALP be updated
At all times but should be reviews every 2-7 years
154
What is the FAA criteria for approving an Alp update
Safe
Useful
efficient
155
What document that provides information to the pilot must be update on an annual basis
Airport facility directory
156
What is the NPIAS
National plan of integrated airport systems
157
What are the FAA principals related to airports
```
Safe and efficient
Affordable
Flexible &expandable
Permanent
Maintain balance
Support national objectives
Extensive
```
158
Why are state/regional plans conducted
To better integrate how the airports within a region or state form a connected system of transportation- intermodal
159
What are the steps of an airport master plan
```
Project scope
Consultant selection
Existing conditions
Forecasting
Facility requirements
Alternative designs
Alp update
Financial feasibility analysis
Implementation plan
Capitol improvement plan
```
160
How do slots work
A block of time allocated to airport users to perform aircraft operation
161
What is the problem with differential pricing
Discriminates against General aviation
162
What are the traffic management initiatives used by the FAA to manage capacity and delay
Slot allocation
Diversion
Balancing
163
What is the airport acceptance rate
An agreed upon number of aircraft that can land at a given airport in a one hour period
164
Delays increase exponentialaly beyond what time frame
4-6 minutes
165
How does practical annual capacity work
Level of operation that results in not more than four minutes average delay per aircraft in a normal peak two hour window
166
How does practical hourly capacity work
Total combined capacity measure of the runway, taxiway and gate areas
Capacity of runway per hour
167
How is throughput capacity measured
Capacity of runway per hour per year /
| Software modeling
168
What are factors involved in capacity analysis
- Airspace(runways)-more airspace more runways
- Airfield (taxiways and ramps )
- Terminal (gates)
- Ground access (roadways)- traffic backups
169
What is the definition of capacity
The ability of a portion of airspace or an airport to handle a given volume of traffic (demand) within a specified time period
170
What element of next gen is replacing radar
Ads-b
171
What is ads-b
Automatic
Dependent
Surveillance
Broadcast
172
What does swim stand for
System wide information management
173
What does data comm do
Replaces two way radio transmissions
174
What is awos-local
A basic awos measures barometric pressure and altimeter
175
What is ASOS - FAA installed
Provide local weather observation
176
What is the level for awos and ASOS
Level "A"stations - which include major hubs or airports with the potential for severe weather
177
What does the flight service station do
```
Provides pilot briefing
Aircraft en route communication
Visual flight rule search and rescue services
Originating and disseminating NOTAMS
Monitors navaids
```
178
What are the components of the ILS System
Localizer-projects a radio frequency
Glideslope- vertical height information
Marker beacons - precise distance location information
Dme (distance measuring equipment)- used on approaches
179
What is WAAS
Wide area augmentation system -allows category 1 instrument landing systems (ILS) approaches
180
What is gbas- ground based augmentation system
Ground based augmentation system
| Allows for category 2 and category 3 instrument landing systems (ILS) approaches
181
What is the difference between the movement and non movement area
Non-movememt- uncontrolled or ramp tower- ramp areas, aircraft parking areas and other areas where aircraft and vehicles operate directed by airport or airline
Movement area- controlled by air traffic
Runways taxiways and other areas as determined through an agreement between airport operator and the control tower
182
What is the air operations area
Non movement area controlled by the atct
183
What is considered substantial use
The largest commercial service aircraft that serves the airport or the largest plane with more then 500 annual itinerant operations or as determined with the FAA and future vision of the airport
184
How is the runway design code determined
The approach speed of the design -aircraft
- The airway approach category
- The wingspan or tail height of the design aircraft whichever is greater
- The aircraft design group
- Visibility requirements for instrument approach runways
185
How is the airport reference code determined
The airport reference code is a designation that signifies the airports highest runway design code minus the visibility component of the runway design code
186
What is the distance between parallel runways that require precision runway guidance monitoring radar
2600-4300'
187
What is a displaced threshold
When an object obstructs the airspace needed for landing aircraft
Noise abatement - an imaginary line above the normal approach line to avoid trees or builds that may have popped up
188
What is a safety area and why does it exist
A rectangular area including the runway or a taxiway and the sourroundung surfaces
Reduces the risk of damage to airplanes in the event of an undershoot overshoot or excursion
189
What is the function of the runway protection zone
Designed to protect the final approach areas
190
What is the function of the obstacle free zone
To protect aircraft and block off airspace
191
What is the object free area
Ground area centered on runway taxiway or taxi line center line
Nothing there except fixed by function and frangible or mobile
192
What are the three types of aprons
Terminal
Remote- Ron's
Hangar
193
What is a stand guidance system
Visual aid located on the side of a terminal building so as to be viewed from the pilots perspective as they approach the aircraft parking location
194
What are heliport design principals
```
Based on design helicopter
Maximum weight/ minimum contact area
Rotor diameter
Final approach and takeoff
Touch down and lift off
```
195
Describe the construction safety meeting process
```
Pre design
Design
Preconstruction
Construction
Inspection phases
```
196
What are the 5 imaginary surfaces- "patch"
```
Approach surfaces
Conical surfaces
Primary surface
Horizontal surfaces
Transitional surfaces
```
197
What is the distance of the imaginary surfaces approach slope
50000'
198
What is the difference between 7460-1 and 7460-2
7460-1 know of an obstruction ahead of time
| 7460-2 - obstruction not known about contact atct
199
What are the three components of the terminal system
Flight interface -gates to aircraft
Passenger processing -
Landside
200
According to the gas guidance approximately how much of the terminal space should be available for rent percentage
55%
201
What percent of terminal space is useable for concessions
15-25%
202
```
What are landside planning assumptions regarding
vehicle lengths for parking
Private
Taxi
limo
Bus
```
Private automobile 25 '
Taxi-20'
Limo-30'
Public bus-50'
203
The FAA says an airport should plan for ____&& parking spaces for every 1million originating passengers
1000-1400
204
What are the 5 types of horizontal distribution models related to terminal design- pless
```
Linear
Simple
Elongating
Pier
Satellite
```
205
What are the 3 types of fis -federal inspection services
Capis- custom accelerated passenger processing service - slowest because it's 2 steps
One stop- combines customs and immigration
Red-green- nothing to declare
206
Elicitation
Information gathering
207
Grant assurance 22
Economic nondiscrimination
208
Grant assurance #23
Exclusive rights
209
Fonsi
Finding of no significant impact
210
Rod
Record of decision
