Test Q's Flashcards

1
Q

You find a small lipoma on your pt. You are working at a small aid station. What can you do?

A

You can remove a small lipoma

  • be careful they can be icebergs
  • can be vascular
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2
Q

3-0 vs 2-0?

A

0.001 vs 0.01

3-0 is smaller than 2-0

2 is rope (chest tubes)

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3
Q

High spine injury can lead to

A

PE 2/2 immobilization

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4
Q

Spinal vs epidural anesthesia where does the anesthetic go?

A

Spinal (suparachnoid block) - into the subarachnoid space (CSF)

Epidural - into the epidural space

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5
Q

Spinal vs epidural anesthesia who administers?

A

Spinal - anesthesiology service

Epidural - can be don by others

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6
Q

Spinal vs epidural anesthesia uses?

A

Spinal - lower abd, lower extremity, GU and GYN procedures

Epidural - rib fractures

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7
Q

Spinal vs epidural anesthesia volume of anesthesia?

A

Spinal - small amount of fluid

Epidural - continuous drip

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8
Q

Spinal vs epidural anesthesia each block?

A

Spinal - sympathetic, sensory AND motor

Epidural - sensory BUT NOT motor

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9
Q

Post op pt who is oliguric or anuric (MC complication of central nerve block)

You find >1L of fluid in the bladder, what do they need?

A

Foley catheter

  • they DO NOT need superpubic or a diuretic
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10
Q

Reversal agents

Narcotic:

Benzodiazepine:

A

Narcotic: naloxone

Benzo: flumazenil

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11
Q

Be able to differentiate

  • Pulmonary edema
  • atalectisis
  • ARDS
A

Pulmonary edema
- volume overload (CHF etc)

ARDS

  • interstitial fluid
  • doesnt respond to diuretics
  • must intubate

Atalectisis
- collapsed alveoli from not coughing

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12
Q

Presentation of fat emboli vs pulmonary emboli

A

Fat

  • 6-24hrs pst injury
  • petechiae
  • normal D dimer

Pulmonary embolus

  • time: whenever (prob DVT)
  • pos D dimer
  • verchow’s triad (high spine inj)
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13
Q

Pt was in a car/motorcycle crash not wearing a helmet. Suffered a high spinal injury. What is the concern?

A

They can’t move so they get a PE

- stasis

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14
Q

What are the MC causes of post operative oliguria?

A

BPH

Dehydration

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15
Q

Post operative oliguria with BPH as the cause. What is the tx?

A

1st thing to try is to cannulate the bladder

  • NOT SUPRAPUBIC DRAIN
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16
Q

MC nosocomial infection?

A

Surgical site infections

- 36%

17
Q

Post op pt with small fever , x ray has streaky lines

A

Atalectasis

- not pneumonia (that would have higher fever)

18
Q

“On my exam” Pleural effusion pt will have ___ fluid caused by ____?

A

Exudative fluid

Pneumonia

19
Q

AAA’s are at an increased risk for rupture if?

A

> 6cm in size

Expansion >0.6cm/yr

20
Q

Elective AAA repair?

A

Misnomer, >5.5cm and asymptomatic; you must get it repaired

- elective means its not an emergency and you can get it repaired with a scheduled surgery not an emergent one

21
Q

Not mentioned specifically as a test q but he keeps saying it:

How to avoid the MC 5 causes of death with trauma pts?

A
  1. Talk to the pt
  2. Get them naked
  3. Roll them over and shoot a side CXR
22
Q

Chronic Mesenteric ischemia pts will present w?

A
  • Food fear - post prandial abdominal pain
  • weight loss
  • diarrhea
  • N/V
23
Q

Pt with low(ish) ABI
Smoker
Pain when walking

A

Atherosclerotic peripheral disease

  • stop smoking
  • increase exercise
24
Q

Hard signs for surgery with a vessel injury?

A
Pulsatile bleed
Expanding hematoma
Bruit/thrill
Pulseless/cool extremity
Sensory deficit
25
Q

Penetrating injuries in the extremities can be observed (not surgerized) if?

A

Hemodynamically stable
No fx
No hard signs of arterial injury
ABI >0.9

26
Q

MC hernia?

A

Inguinal

Femoral is most commonly found in women but the MC in women is still inguinal
Men MC = inguinal

27
Q

(Endo lecture)

B blockers treat?
A blockers treat?

A

B-blocker - thyrotoxicosis
- prevent thyroid storm

A-blocker - pheochromocytoma (adrenals)

28
Q

MEN 1

A

Werner’s syndrome

- hyperparathyroidism

29
Q

Men 2

A

Sipples syndrome

  • medullary thyroid ca
  • pheochromocytoma
30
Q

Pheochromocytoma tx?

A

Control HTN w A-blocker then a B-blocker (in this order)

31
Q

Type of surgeon for the following:

  1. Pituitary adenoma
  2. SC lung ca
  3. Carcinoid tumor (gut)
  4. Medullary carcinoid (thyroid)
A
  1. Pituitary adenoma
    - neurosurgeon
  2. SC lung ca
    - thoracic surgeon
  3. Carcinoid tumor (gut)
    - anybody
  4. Medullary carcinoid (thyroid)
    - head/neck
32
Q

Management of hormonally inactive adrenal mass?

A

> 5 cm - adrenalectomy

<5 cm - confirmed benign
- repeat CT in 3-6 mo

33
Q

Differentiate acute mastitis from breast abscess

A

Mastitis:

  • no organization or mass (abscess)
  • continue to breast feed

Abscess (cellulitis)

  • definite mass, organizing infection
  • systemic symptoms
  • stop nursing
34
Q

Risk factor for breast cancer?

A
Female
Age
1st degree relative
Bx w atypia 
High fat diet
BRCA 1 - 50-70% risk
BRCA 2 - 40% risk
35
Q

Not risk factors for breast cancer?

A
Breast feeding
FMHx (not 1st degree)
OCPs
Breast augmentation
Mastitis hx
Fibrocystis
36
Q

Which pathology results have the worst prognosis?

A

Triple negative breast cancer

37
Q

Eczematoid/crusted lesion on the nipple or areola that is refractory to steroids >1 week

A

Paget’s disease (breast cancer)

BAD sign

38
Q

When i sentinel node BX is done and found to have spread what is a treatment that will be done after removing the node?

A

External beam radiation