TEST PREP B-12 Flashcards
How are LET and biologic response (RBE) related?
- They are inversely related
- They are directly related
- They are related in a reciprocal fashion
- They are unrelated
They are directly related
A graphic representation of signal values representing various absorbing properties within the part being imaged is called a
- processing algorithm
- DICOM
- histogram
- window
histogram
The term dysplasia refers to
- difficulty speaking
- abnormal development of tissue
- malposition
- difficult or painful breathing
abnormal development of tissue
A positive contrast agent
- absorbs x-ray photons
- is composed of elements having high atomic number
- is seen as a dark area on the image
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The quality that is reflective of dose and the volume of tissue exposed is
- R in air
- absorbed dose
- dose area product
- entrance skin exposure
dose area product
Proper body mechanics includes a wide base of support. The base of support is the portion of the body
- in contract with the floor or other horizontal surface
- in the midportion of the pelvis or lower abdomen
- passing through the center of gravity
- none of the above
in contract with the floor or other horizontal surface
The femorotibial articulation shown below could be better demonstrated by
- rotating the patient forward
- rotating the patient backward
- angling the central (CR) about 5o caudad
- angling the CR about 5o cephalad
angling the CR about 5o cephalad
Which of the following types of adult tissue cells are considered radiosensitive?
- Brain cells
- Epithelial tissue
- Nerve cells
- Muscle cells
- Intestinal crypt cells
- Lymphocytes
- 1, 4, and 6
- 2, 5, and 6
- 1, 4, and 5
- 2, 3, and 4
- 3, 5, and 6
2, 5, and 6
Geometric unsharpness will be least obvious
- at long SIDs
- with small focal spots
- at the anode end of the image
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the dose-response curves shown in figure below illustrate(s) a threshold dose?
- Curve number 1
- Curve number 2
- Curve number 3
- 1 only
- 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
The carpal scaphoid can be demonstrated in which of the following projection(s) of the wrist?
- PA oblique
- PA with radial deviation
- PA with elbow elavated 20 deg
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
Dorsal decubitus projectins of the chest are used to evaluate small amounts of
- fluid in the posterior chest
- air in the posterior chest
- fluid in the anterior chest
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
Which of the following is a functional study used to demonstrate the degree of AP motion present in the cervical spine?
- Moving mandible position
- AP open-mouth projection
- Laterals in flexion and extension
- AP right and left bending
Laterals in flexion and extension
Which of the following is/are evaluation criterion/criteria for a PA chest radiograph of the heart and lungs?
- Ten pairs of posterior ribs should be seen above the diaphragm
- The medial ends of the clavicles should be equidistant from the vertebral cloumn
- The scapulae should be seen through the upper lung fields
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Select the correct statements regarding the structure indicated by the number 7 in Figure below.
- It represents the glass envelope
- It absorbs scattered radiation
- It is lead-lined
- It decreases leakage radiation
- It represents the tube housing
- It “hardens” the x-ray beam
- 1, 2, and 3
- 2, 4, and 6
- 3, 4, and 5
- 3, 5, and 6
- 4, 5, and 6
3, 5, and 6
Which of the following is a fast-acting vasodilator used to lower blood pressure and relieve the pain of angina pectoris?
- Digitalis
- Dilantin
- Nitroglycerin
- Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Nitroglycerin
Technical factors of 80 kV and 8 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new milliampere seconds value if an 8:1 grid is added?
- 16 mAs
- 24 mAs
- 32 mAs
- 40 mAs
32 mAs
Which of the following statements is/are true with regard to the two CT images seen in figure below?
- Figure A illustrates more superior structures
- The images are sagittal reconstructions
- The examination was performed without artificial contrast
- 1 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
The structure labeled number 7 in Figure B is the
- IVC
- aorta
- spleen
- left kidney
aorta
An illness of unknown or obscure cause is said to be
- systemic
- epidemic
- idiopathic
- pathogenic
idiopathic
The annual dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for
- alpha, beta, and x-radiations
- x- and gamma radiations only
- beta, x-, and gamma radiations
- all ionizing radiations
beta, x-, and gamma radiations
The sampling frequency in CR is expressed as
- pixel density
- the relationship between focal spot and matrix sizes
- light spread between the IP and the light guide of the scanner
- TFT array size
pixel density
Features of digital fluoroscopy (DF) that contribute to patient dose reduction include
- last-image hold
- pulsed exposure
- longer procedure times
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Which of the following is the approximate skin dose for 5 min of fluoroscopy performed at 1.5 mA?
- 31.5 mGy
- 105 mGy
- 157 mGy
- 210 mGy
157 mGy
To image suspected abdominal free air in an infant, which of the following projections of the abdomen will demonstrate the condition with the lowest patient dose?
- PA erect with grid
- Left lateral decubitus with grid
- Left lateral decubitus without grid
- Recumbent AP without grid
Left lateral decubitus without grid
An AP oblique projection (lateral rotation) of the elbow will demonsrate the
- olecranon process within the olecranon fossa
- capitulum of the humerus
- radial head free of superimposition
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Referring the figure below, which heart chamber pumps oxygenated blood bloodinto the aorta and to all body tissues?
- 2
- 6
- 4
- 5
5
Which of the following contribute to x-ray beam attenuation and receptor exposure?
- Tissue density
- Pathology
- Muscle development
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The risk of inoculation with HIV is considered high for which of the following routes of transmission?
- Contaminated blood
- Perinatal exposure
- Accidental needlestick
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The active matrix array for indirect conversion systems uses
- amorphous silicon
- amorphous selenium
- detector elements
- TFT
amorphous silicon
The position illustrated in figure below can be used successfully to demonstrate the
- PA oblique sternum
- left anterior ribs
- barium-filled gastric fundus
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices requires the CR to be directed
- 15o cephalad
- 15o caudad
- 30o cephalad
- 30o caudad
15o cephalad
When electric signals are sampled for conversion to a digital image, what sampling frequency is required to maintain image resolution?
- At least half the number of pixels required to form the image must be sampled
- At least twice the number of pixels required to form the image must be sampled
- Raw images are sharp and do not require digital processing
- Sampling frequency must be half the frequency of the input signal
At least twice the number of pixels required to form the image must be sampled
Which of the following image intensifier modes will result in the lowest patient dose?
- 25-inch mode
- 17-inch mode
- 12-inch mode
- Diameter does not affect patient dose
25-inch mode
Abdominal viscera located in the retroperitoneum include the
- kidneys
- duodenum
- ascending and descending colon
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The fact that x-ray intensity across the primary beam can vary as much as 45% describes the
- line-focus principle
- transformer law
- anode heel effect
- inverse-square law
anode heel effect
Which of the x-ray circuit devices shown in figure below requires alternating current for effective operation?
- Number 1
- Number 2
- Number 7
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Referring to the simplified x-ray circuit shown in figure below, what is indicated by the number 6?
- Step-up transformer
- Autotransformer
- Filament circuit
- Rectification system
Filament circuit
The infection streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) is caused by a
- virus
- fungus
- protozoon
- bacterium
bacterium
The brightness level of the fluoroscopic image depends on
- milliamperage
- kilovoltage
- patient thickness
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The advantages of high-frequency generators over earlier types of generators include
- smaller size
- nearly constant potential
- lower patient dose
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following combinations would deliver the least amount of heat to the anode of a three-phase, 12-pulse x-ray unit?
- 400 mA, 0.12 s, 90 kV
- 300 mA, 0.5 s, 70 kV
- 500 mA, 0.033 s, 85 kV
- 700 mA, 0.06 s, 120 kV
500 mA, 0.033 s, 85 kV
A signed consent form is neccessary prior to perfoming all the following procedures, except
- myelogram
- cardiac catheterization
- upper GI series
- interventional vascular procedure
upper GI series
The best projection to demonstrate the articular surfaces of the femoropatellar articulation is the
- AP knee
- PA knee
- tangential (surise) projection
- tunnel view
tangential (surise) projection
If the entrance dose for a particular radiograph is 25 mGy, the radiation exposure at 1 m from the patient will be approximately
- 250 mGy
- 2.5 mGy
- 0.25 mGy
- 0.025 mGy
0.025 mGy
In amorphous selenium flat-panel detectors, the term amorphous refers to a
- crystalline material having typical crystalline structure
- crystalline material lacking typical crystalline structure
- toxic crystalline material
- homogeneous crystalline material
crystalline material lacking typical crystalline structure
It is recommended that a thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) or OSL be worn
- under the lead apron at waist level
- outside the lead apron at waist level
- under the lead apron at collar level
- outside the lead apron at collar level
outside the lead apron at collar level
Which of the filament conductors seen in figure below carries high voltage?
- Conductor number 1
- Conductor number 2
- Conductor number 3
- 1 only
- 2 only
- 3 only
- 1 and 2 only
3 only
Which of the following procedures demonstrate renal function?
- IVU
- Excretory urography
- Retrograde urography
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
When the collimated field must extend past the edge of the body, allowing primary radiation to strike the tabletop, as in a lateral lumbar spine radiograph, what may be done to prevent excessive receptor exposure owing to undercutting?
- Reduce the milliampere seconds
- Reduce th kilovoltage
- Use a shorter SID
- Use lead rubber to absorb tabletop primary radiation
Use lead rubber to absorb tabletop primary radiation
The sternoclavicular joints will be best demonstrated in which o the following positions?
- Apical lordotic
- Anterior oblique
- Lateral
- Weight-bearing
Anterior oblique
Typical patient domographic and examination information include(s)
- type of examination
- accession number
- date and time of examination
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is the most frequent site of hospital-acquired infection (HAI)?
- Urinary tract
- Blood
- Respiratory tract
- Digestive tract
Urinary tract
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the control dosimeter that accompanies each shipment of personnel radiation monitors?
- It should be stored away from all radiation sources
- It should be stored in the main work area
- It should be used to replace an employee’s lost monitor
- 1 only
- 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
1 only
Which of the following x-ray circuit devices operate(s) on the principle of mutual induction?
- High-voltage transformer
- Filament transformer
- Autotransformer
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The two types of cells in the body are
- connective and nerve
- genetic and connective
- somatic and nerve
- somatic and genetic
somatic and genetic
If a radiograph were made of an average size knee using automatic exposure control (AEC) and all three photocells were selected, the resulting radiograph would demonstrate
- excessive receptor exposure
- insufficient receptor exposure
- poor detail
- adequate exposure
insufficient receptor exposure
Which of the following involve(s) intentional misconduct?
- Invasion of privacy
- False imprisonment
- Patient sustaining injury from a fall while left unattended
- 1 only
- 3 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
Which of the following terms/units is used to express the resolution of a diagnostic image?
- Line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm)
- Speed
- Latitude
- Kiloelectronvolts (keV)
Line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm)
Pathologic or abnormal conditions that would require an increase in technical factors include all of the folloing, except
- atelectasis
- pneumoperitoneum
- Paget disease
- congestive heart failure
pneumoperitoneum
In 1906, Bergonie’ and Tribondeau theorized that undifferentiated cells are highly radiosensitive. Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of undifferentiated cells?
- Young cells
- Highly mitotic cells
- Precursor cells
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The submentovertical (SMV) oblique axial projection of the zygomatic arches requires that the skull be rotated
- 15o toward the affected side
- 15o away from the affected side
- 45o toward the affected side
- 45o away from the affected side
15o toward the affected side
Which of the folloing statements regarding figure below are corrected?
- The patient is in an erect position
- Duodenal mucosa is visualized
- The image was made in the RAO position
- The patient is in a recumbent position
- The image is par of a lower GI examination
- The image was made in the LPO position
- 1, 3, and 5
- 2, 4, and 6
- 3, 4, and 5
- 2, 5, and 6
- 2, 3, and 4
2, 4, and 6
Image noise is likely to increase with an increase in
- scattered radiation
- quantum mottle
- SNR
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The chest radiograph shown in Figure below demonstrates
- breathing motion
- aliasing artifact
- double exposure
- off-level grid cutoff
aliasing artifact
Which of te following functions to increase the milliamperage?
- Increasing the speed of anode rotation
- Increasing the transformer turns ratio
- Using three-phase rectification
- Increasing the heat of the filament
Increasing the heat of the filament
Which of the following is/are correct regarding care of protective leaded apparel?
- Lead aprons should be fluoroscoped yearly to check for cracks
- Lead gloves should be fluoroscoped yearly to check for cracks
- Lead aprons should be hung on appropriate racks when not in use
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The ethical principle that regers to bringing about good, or benefiting others, is called
- fidelity
- veracity
- nonmaleficence
- beneficence
beneficence
Which of the following is/are considered long-term somatic effect(s) of exposure to ionizing radiation?
- Life span shortening
- Carcinogenesis
- Cataractogenesis
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Advantages of direct digital radiography (DR) over computed radiography (CR) include
- DR is less expensive
- DR has immediate readout
- IPs are not needed for DR
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Desirable conditions for viewing digital images include
- decreased ambient light
- reduced monitor glare
- well-lit area
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
All of the following statements regarding the bony thorax are true, except
- the first sseven pairs of ribs are called vertebrosternal, or true, ribs
- the only articulation between the thorax and the upper extremity is the sternoclavicular joint
- the gladiolus is the upper part of the sternum and is quadrilateral in shape
- the anterior ends of the ribs are about 4 inches below the level of the vertebral ends
the only articulation between the thorax and the upper extremity is the sternoclavicular joint
Structure number 3 in figure below is best demonstrated in which of the following positions?
- LPO
- RAO
- Lateral
- AP
Lateral
The late effects of radiation are considered to
- have no threshold dose
- be directly related to dose
- occur within hours of exposure
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The lesser tubercle of the humerus will be visualized in profile in the
- AP shoulder external rotation radiograph
- AP shoulder internal rotation radiograph
- AP elbow radiograph
- lateral elbow radiograph
AP shoulder internal rotation radiograph
The radiation dose to a part depends on which of the following?
- Type of tissue interaction(s)
- Quantity of radiation
- Biologic differences
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
With the patient in an erect 45° LPO and the CR directed 2 inches medial and 2 inches medial and 2 inches inferior to the upper outer border of the left shoulder, which of the following will be visualized to best advantages?
- Coronoid process free of superimposition
- Coracoid process free of superimposition
- Glenoid cavity in profile
- Greater tubercle in profile
Glenoid cavity in profile
Which of the following groups of technical factors would deliver the lowest patient dose?
- 2.5 mAs, 100 kV
- 5 mAs, 90 kV
- 5 mAs, 70 kV
- 10 mAs, 80 kV
2.5 mAs, 100 kV
While measuring blood pressure, the first pulse that is heard, is recorded as the
- diastolic pressure
- systolic pressure
- venous pressure
- valvular pressure
systolic pressure
Which of the following is/are valid evaluation criterion/criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm?
- The radius and the ulna should be superimposed distally
- The coronoid process and the radial head should be partially superimposed
- The humeral epicondyles should be superimposed
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
At what frequency must a radiography equipment be checked for linearity and REPRO Disability?
- Annually
- Biannually
- Semiannually
- Quarterly
Annually
According to the line focus principal, an anode having a small angle results in
- Improve resolution/sharpness
- Less focal spot blur
- More pronounced heel effect
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Which of the following best describes a position shown in figure below?
- LPO
- RPO
- LAO
- RAO
RAO
Which of the following expressed the gonadal dose that, if received by every member of the population, would be expected to produce the same total genetic effect on that population as the actual doses received by each of the individuals?
- Lethal dose
- Maximum permissible does
- Somatically significant does
- Genetically significant dose
Genetically significant dose 
A patient with an upper respiratory tract infection is transported to the radiology department for a chest examination. Who should be masked?
1.Technologist
2.Transporter
3.Patient
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
3 only
The kilovoltage setting on the radiographic equipment must be tested annually, and must be accurate to within
- +-2 kV
- +-5 kV
- +-8 kV
- +-12 kV
+-5 kV 
The radiographic shown in figure below exhibit Salazar preceptor exposure as a result of
- X-ray to angulation a cross grid lines
- Exceeding the focusing distance
- Incorrect grid placement
- Insufficient SID
Incorrect grid placement
When examining a patient who is elbow is in partial flexion
- The AP projection requires two separate positions and exposures
- The AP projection is made through the partially flex elbow, resting on the olecranon process, CR perpendicular to IR
- The AP projection is made through the partially flexed elbow, resting on the olecranon process, CR parallel to the humerus
- The AP projection is eliminated from the routine 
The AP projection requires two separate positions and exposures
Which of the following functions to protect the x-ray to end a patient from overexposure in the event that the photo timer fails to terminate an exposure?
- Circuit breaker
- Fuse
- Back up timer
- Rheostat
Back up timer
To demonstrate the glenoid fossa in profile, the patient is positioned
- 45° oblique, affected side up
- 45° oblique, affected side down
- 25° oblique, affected side up
- 25° oblique, affected side down
45° oblique, affected side down
Which of the following groups of technical factors will produce the least receptor exposure?
- 200 mA, 0.25 s, 70 kV, 12:1 grid
- 500 mA, 0.10 s, 90 kV, 8:1 grid
- 400 mA, 0.125 s, 80 kV, 12:1 grid
- 300 mA, 0.16 s, 70 kV, 8:1 grid
200 mA, 0.25 s, 70 kV, 12:1 grid
In which of the following procedures is quiet, shallow breathing recommended during the exposure to obliterate prominent pulmonary vascular markings?
- RAO sternum
- Lateral thoracic spine
- AP scapula
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the lateral profection of the lumbar spine?
- The MSP is parallel to the tabletop
- The vertebral foramina are well visualized
- The pedicles are well visualized
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
An increase in the kilovoltage applied to the x-ray tube increases the
- percentage of high-energy photons produced
- exposure rate
- patient absorption
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Which of the following is/are associated with magnification fluoroscopy?
- Higher patient dose than nonmagnification fluoroscopy
- Higher voltage to the focusing lenses
- Image intensifier focal point closer to the input phosphor
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Correct positioning of the AP forearm includes which of the following element(s)?
- Interepicondylar line parallel to the IR
- Forearm extended and supinated
- Epicondyles superimposed
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The structure indicated by the number 6 in figure below is the
cecum
descending colon
vermiform appendix
terminal ileum
cecum
The structure indicated by the number 1 in figure below is the
left colic flexure
right colic flexure
transverse colon
sigmoid colon
left colic flexure
Which of the following exposures would most likely deliver the greatest dose to the thyroid?
- AP skull
- PA skull
- PA esophagus
- PA chest
AP skull
Which of the following conditions require(s) a decrease in technical factors?
- Emphysema
- Osteomalacia
- Atelectasis
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only