TEST PREP B-12 Flashcards
How are LET and biologic response (RBE) related?
- They are inversely related
- They are directly related
- They are related in a reciprocal fashion
- They are unrelated
They are directly related
A graphic representation of signal values representing various absorbing properties within the part being imaged is called a
- processing algorithm
- DICOM
- histogram
- window
histogram
The term dysplasia refers to
- difficulty speaking
- abnormal development of tissue
- malposition
- difficult or painful breathing
abnormal development of tissue
A positive contrast agent
- absorbs x-ray photons
- is composed of elements having high atomic number
- is seen as a dark area on the image
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The quality that is reflective of dose and the volume of tissue exposed is
- R in air
- absorbed dose
- dose area product
- entrance skin exposure
dose area product
Proper body mechanics includes a wide base of support. The base of support is the portion of the body
- in contract with the floor or other horizontal surface
- in the midportion of the pelvis or lower abdomen
- passing through the center of gravity
- none of the above
in contract with the floor or other horizontal surface
The femorotibial articulation shown below could be better demonstrated by
- rotating the patient forward
- rotating the patient backward
- angling the central (CR) about 5o caudad
- angling the CR about 5o cephalad
angling the CR about 5o cephalad
Which of the following types of adult tissue cells are considered radiosensitive?
- Brain cells
- Epithelial tissue
- Nerve cells
- Muscle cells
- Intestinal crypt cells
- Lymphocytes
- 1, 4, and 6
- 2, 5, and 6
- 1, 4, and 5
- 2, 3, and 4
- 3, 5, and 6
2, 5, and 6
Geometric unsharpness will be least obvious
- at long SIDs
- with small focal spots
- at the anode end of the image
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the dose-response curves shown in figure below illustrate(s) a threshold dose?
- Curve number 1
- Curve number 2
- Curve number 3
- 1 only
- 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
The carpal scaphoid can be demonstrated in which of the following projection(s) of the wrist?
- PA oblique
- PA with radial deviation
- PA with elbow elavated 20 deg
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
Dorsal decubitus projectins of the chest are used to evaluate small amounts of
- fluid in the posterior chest
- air in the posterior chest
- fluid in the anterior chest
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
Which of the following is a functional study used to demonstrate the degree of AP motion present in the cervical spine?
- Moving mandible position
- AP open-mouth projection
- Laterals in flexion and extension
- AP right and left bending
Laterals in flexion and extension
Which of the following is/are evaluation criterion/criteria for a PA chest radiograph of the heart and lungs?
- Ten pairs of posterior ribs should be seen above the diaphragm
- The medial ends of the clavicles should be equidistant from the vertebral cloumn
- The scapulae should be seen through the upper lung fields
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Select the correct statements regarding the structure indicated by the number 7 in Figure below.
- It represents the glass envelope
- It absorbs scattered radiation
- It is lead-lined
- It decreases leakage radiation
- It represents the tube housing
- It “hardens” the x-ray beam
- 1, 2, and 3
- 2, 4, and 6
- 3, 4, and 5
- 3, 5, and 6
- 4, 5, and 6
3, 5, and 6
Which of the following is a fast-acting vasodilator used to lower blood pressure and relieve the pain of angina pectoris?
- Digitalis
- Dilantin
- Nitroglycerin
- Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Nitroglycerin
Technical factors of 80 kV and 8 mAs are used for a particular nongrid exposure. What should be the new milliampere seconds value if an 8:1 grid is added?
- 16 mAs
- 24 mAs
- 32 mAs
- 40 mAs
32 mAs
Which of the following statements is/are true with regard to the two CT images seen in figure below?
- Figure A illustrates more superior structures
- The images are sagittal reconstructions
- The examination was performed without artificial contrast
- 1 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
The structure labeled number 7 in Figure B is the
- IVC
- aorta
- spleen
- left kidney
aorta
An illness of unknown or obscure cause is said to be
- systemic
- epidemic
- idiopathic
- pathogenic
idiopathic
The annual dose limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for
- alpha, beta, and x-radiations
- x- and gamma radiations only
- beta, x-, and gamma radiations
- all ionizing radiations
beta, x-, and gamma radiations
The sampling frequency in CR is expressed as
- pixel density
- the relationship between focal spot and matrix sizes
- light spread between the IP and the light guide of the scanner
- TFT array size
pixel density
Features of digital fluoroscopy (DF) that contribute to patient dose reduction include
- last-image hold
- pulsed exposure
- longer procedure times
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Which of the following is the approximate skin dose for 5 min of fluoroscopy performed at 1.5 mA?
- 31.5 mGy
- 105 mGy
- 157 mGy
- 210 mGy
157 mGy
To image suspected abdominal free air in an infant, which of the following projections of the abdomen will demonstrate the condition with the lowest patient dose?
- PA erect with grid
- Left lateral decubitus with grid
- Left lateral decubitus without grid
- Recumbent AP without grid
Left lateral decubitus without grid
An AP oblique projection (lateral rotation) of the elbow will demonsrate the
- olecranon process within the olecranon fossa
- capitulum of the humerus
- radial head free of superimposition
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Referring the figure below, which heart chamber pumps oxygenated blood bloodinto the aorta and to all body tissues?
- 2
- 6
- 4
- 5
5
Which of the following contribute to x-ray beam attenuation and receptor exposure?
- Tissue density
- Pathology
- Muscle development
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The risk of inoculation with HIV is considered high for which of the following routes of transmission?
- Contaminated blood
- Perinatal exposure
- Accidental needlestick
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The active matrix array for indirect conversion systems uses
- amorphous silicon
- amorphous selenium
- detector elements
- TFT
amorphous silicon
The position illustrated in figure below can be used successfully to demonstrate the
- PA oblique sternum
- left anterior ribs
- barium-filled gastric fundus
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices requires the CR to be directed
- 15o cephalad
- 15o caudad
- 30o cephalad
- 30o caudad
15o cephalad
When electric signals are sampled for conversion to a digital image, what sampling frequency is required to maintain image resolution?
- At least half the number of pixels required to form the image must be sampled
- At least twice the number of pixels required to form the image must be sampled
- Raw images are sharp and do not require digital processing
- Sampling frequency must be half the frequency of the input signal
At least twice the number of pixels required to form the image must be sampled
Which of the following image intensifier modes will result in the lowest patient dose?
- 25-inch mode
- 17-inch mode
- 12-inch mode
- Diameter does not affect patient dose
25-inch mode
Abdominal viscera located in the retroperitoneum include the
- kidneys
- duodenum
- ascending and descending colon
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The fact that x-ray intensity across the primary beam can vary as much as 45% describes the
- line-focus principle
- transformer law
- anode heel effect
- inverse-square law
anode heel effect
Which of the x-ray circuit devices shown in figure below requires alternating current for effective operation?
- Number 1
- Number 2
- Number 7
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Referring to the simplified x-ray circuit shown in figure below, what is indicated by the number 6?
- Step-up transformer
- Autotransformer
- Filament circuit
- Rectification system
Filament circuit
The infection streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) is caused by a
- virus
- fungus
- protozoon
- bacterium
bacterium
The brightness level of the fluoroscopic image depends on
- milliamperage
- kilovoltage
- patient thickness
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3