TEST PREP A-12 Flashcards
The portion of the remnant x-ray beam representing anatomical details having desirable quality is called
- photoelectric
- Compton
- signal
- noise
signal
Which type of error results in grid cutoff at the periphery of the radiographic image?
- Off-focus
- Off-center
- Off-level
- Off-angle
Off-focus
In which of the following projections was the image below made?
- AP
- Medial/internal oblique
- Lateral/external oblique
- Acute flexion
Lateral/external oblique
During measurement of blood pressure, which of the following occurs as the radiographer controls arterial tension with the sphygmomanometer?
- The brachial vein is collapsed
- The brachial artery is temporarily collapsed
- The antecubital vein is monitored
- Oxygen saturation of arterial blood is monitored
The brachial artery is temporarily collapsed
As the CR laser scanner/reader recognizes the phosphostimulated luminescence (PSL) released by the PSP storage plate, it constructs a graphic representation of pixel value distribution, called a/an
- processing algorithm
- histogram
- lookup table
- exposure index
histogram
An accurately positioned oblique projection of the first throughfourth lumbar vertebrae will demonstrate the classic “Scotty dog.” What bony structure does the Scotty dog’s “eye” represent?
- Superior articular process
- Pedicle
- Transverse process
- Pars interarticularis
Pedicle
The term used to describe the gradual decrease in exposure rate as an x-ray beam passes through the matter is
- attemuation
- absorption
- scattered radiation
- secondary radiation
attemuation
Which three of the following elements must be included on an x-ray image ofor it to be considered as legitimate legal evidence?
- Name of facility where examination performed
- Examination date
- Date of birth
- Referring physician
- Patient identification
- Radiographer initials
- 1, 4, and 5
- 1, 2, and 5
- 4, 5, and 6
- 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 5
Referring to figure below, the pulmonary veins empty blood into which chamber of the heart?
- 2
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 8
6
Late effects of radiation include late tissue reactions. Examples of late tissue reactions include
- organ atrophy
- genetic effects
- malignant disease
- cataract formation
- reduced fertility
- 1, 3, and 4 only
- 2, 3, and 5 only
- 1, 4, and 5 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 4, and 5 only
Which of the following procedures requires that contrast medium is injected into the ureters?
- Cystogram
- Urethrogram
- Retrograde pyelogram
- Intravenous urogram
Retrograde pyelogram
The unit for kerna is
- R
- rad
- gray
- coulomb
gray
Which of the following combinations would pose the greatest hazard to a particular anode?
- 0.6-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs
- 0.6-mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs
- 1.2-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs
- 1.2-mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs
0.6-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs
What is the structure indicated by the letter A in Figure below?
- Greater tubercle
- Coronoid process
- Coracoid process
- Acromion process
Acromion process
Which of the following indicates the glenoid cavity seen in Figure below?
- B
- C
- H
- M
C
The CR should be directed to the center of the part of greatest interest to avoid
- shape distortion
- magnification
- foreshortening
- elongation
shape distortion
Federal regulations regarding infection control in the workplace, as amended by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), make which of the following requirements?
- Hepatitis B immunizations must be made available to all hospital employees
- Puncture-proof containers must be provided for all used needles
- Follow-up care must be provided to any staff accidentally exposed to blood splash/needlestick
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Methods of decreasing patient dose during flouoroscopic examinations include
- use of last-image hold
- using the lowest practical pulse rate
- keeping the patient/part as close to the image intensifier as possible
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following radiologic examinations requires preparation consisting of a low-residue diet, cathartics, and enemas?
- Upper GI series
- Small bowel series
- Barium enema (BE)
- Intravenous (IV) cystogram
Barium enema (BE)
The exposure timer settings on three-phase radiographic equipment must be tested annually and must be accurate to within
- +-2%
- +-5%
- +-10%
- +-20%
+-5%
Fluoroscopic equipment features designed to eliminate
unnecessary radiation exposure to patients and/or personnel include
- protective Pb curtain
- primary beam filtration
- collimation
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Verbal disclosure of confidential information that is detrimental to the patient is called
- invasion of provacy
- slander
- libel
- assult
slander
If 300 mA has been selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time should be selected to produce 18 mAs?
- 40 ms
- 60 ms
- 400 ms
- 600 ms
60 ms
During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination, contrast medium is injected into the
- hepatic duct
- cystic duct
- pancreatic duct
- common bile duct
common bile duct
Which of the following should be well demonstrated in the oblique position of the cervical vertebrae?
- Pedicles
- Disk spaces
- Zygapophyseal
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
Which of the following is most likely to produce a high-quality image?
- Small image matrix
- High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
- Large pixel size
- Low resolution
High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Select from the following the type(s) of x-ray beam filtration whose function is to decrease patient’s skin dose.
- Inherent
- Added
- Compensation
- Collimation
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
The image shown in Figure below was made in which of the following recumbent positions?
- RAO
- Lateral
- LPO
- PA
LPO
Terms tht refer to size distortion include
- magnification
- attenuation
- elongation
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
Advantages of high-frequency generators include
- small size
- decreased patient dose
- nearly constant potential
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The source-to-table distance in fixed/stationary fluoroscopy must
- be at least 38 cm (15 inches)
- not exceed 38 cm (15 inches)
- be at least 30 cm (12 inches)
- not exceed 30 cm (12 inches)
be at least 38 cm (15 inches)
Which of the following is the preferred scheduling sequence?
- Lower GI series, abdomen ultrasound, upper GI series
- Abdomen ultrasound, lower GI series, upper GI series
- Abdomen ultrasound, upper GI series, lower GI series
- Upper GI series, lower GI series, abdomen ultrasound
Abdomen ultrasound, lower GI series, upper GI series
Which of the following is/are demonstrated in the lateral projectin of the thoracic spine?
- Intervertebral spaces
- Zygapophyseal joints
- Intervertebral foramina
- 1 only
- 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3 only
As window width increases
- contrast scale increases
- contrast scale decreases
- brightness increases
- brightness decreases
brightness increases
The AP projection of the chest for pulmonary apices
- projects the apices above the clavicles
- requires 15o - 20o of cephalad angulation
- should demonstrate the medial ends of the clavicles equidistant from the vertebral column
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Rapid onset of severe respiratory or cardiovascular sypmtoms after ingestion or injection of a drug, vaccine, contrast agent, or food or after an insect bite describes
- asthma
- anaphylaxis
- myocardial infarction
- rhinitis
anaphylaxis
Select the statements from the following that correctly describe lines A and B in Figure below.
- Line A illustrates wider exposure latitude than line B
- Line B is typical of digital imaging systems
- Line A is tpical of PSP response
- Lines A and B are represientative of analog imaging
- 1 and 4
- 1 and 3
- 2 and 3
- 3 and 4
1 and 3
Which of the following is/are used to indicate the appropriateness of radiation intensity reaching the IR?
- Exposure index
- Sensitivity (S) number
- Field of view (FOV)
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Which of the following is the most useful for bone age evaluation?
- Lateral skull
- PA chest
- AP pelvis
- PA hand
PA hand
The uppermost/first set of collimator shutters closest to the x-ray tube port window functions
- as a variable aperture beam restrictor
- to absorb scattered radiation
- to reduce off-focus radiation
- as positive beam limitation
to reduce off-focus radiation
Body substances and fluids that are considered infectious or potentially infectious include
- sputum
- synovial fluid
- crebrospinal fluid
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NRCP) has recommended what total equivlaent dose limit to the embryo/fetus?
- 0.5 mSv
- 5.0 mSv
- 50 mSv
- 500 mSv
5.0 mSv
Fluids and medications are administered via the intravenous route for which of the following reason(s)?
- To achieve a local effect
- To administer parenteral nutrition
- To promote rapid response
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Which of the following is/are tested as part of a QC program?
- Beam alignment
- Reproducibility
- Linearity
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The line-focus principle refers to the fact that
- x-rays cannot be focused
- x-rays travel in straight lines
- the effective focal spot is larger than the actual focal spot
- the actual focal spot is larger than the effective focal spot
the actual focal spot is larger than the effective focal spot
Which if the images shown in figure below best demonstrates the intercondylar fossa?
- Figure 6-6A
- Figure 6-6B
- Figure 6-6C
- Figure 6-6D
Figure 6-6C
Which of the following effects does an analgesic have on the body?
- Decreases pain
- Helps delay clotting
- Increases urine output
- Combats bacterial growth
Decreases pain
Which of the following is/are associated with magnification fluoroscopy?
- Less noise
- Improved contrast resolution
- Improved spatial resolution
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Histogram appearance can be skewed if there is inaccuracy in
- part centering
- part positioning
- processing algorithm selection
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Bone densitometry is often performed to
- measure degree of bone (de)mineralization
- evaluate results of osteoporosis treatment/therapy
- evaluate condition of soft tissue adjacent to bone
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Deficiency of blood to a body tissue describes
- necrosis
- ischemia
- dyspnea
- thromus
ischemia
If a part received 0.8 Gy during a 4-min fluoroscopic examination, what was the dose rate?
- 2 mGy/min
- 20 mGu/min
- 200 mGy/min
- 2000 mGy/min
200 mGy/min
The radiation barriers in a controlled area must keep worker exposure to less than
- 1 mSv/month
- 5 mSv/month
- 1 mSv/week
- 5 mSv/week
1 mSv/week
In the 45o medial oblique projection of the ankle, the
- talotibial joint is visualized
- tibiofibular joint is visualized
- plantar surface is approximately perpendicular to the lower leg/IR
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3only
Major effect(s) of irradiation of macromolecules include(s)
- point lesions
- cross-linking
- main-chain scission
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
Cells described as somatic include
- neuron
- muscle
- oocytes
- spermatozoa
- osteoblasts
- 1, 2, and 3
- 2, 3, and 5
- 1, 2, and 5
- 3, 4, and 5
1, 2, and 5
An animal host of an infectious organism that transmits the infection via a bite or sting is a
- vector
- fomite
- host
- reservoir
vector
If the exposure rate at 2.0m from a source of radiation is 18 mGya/min, what will be the exposure rate at 5m from the source?
- 2.88 mGya/min
- 7.10 mGya/min
- 28.8 mGya/min
- 71.0 mGya/min
2.88 mGya/min
Imperfect expansion of the lung(s), often accompanied by dyspnea, is called
- COPD
- pneumonia
- pneumothorax
- atelectasis
atelectasis
An axial projection of the clavicle is often helpful in demonstrating a fracture that is not visualized using a perpendicular CR. When examining the clavicle in the PA position, how is the CR directed for the axial projection?
- Cephalad
- Caudad
- Medially
- Laterally
Caudad
The x-ray tube’s inherent filtration includes:
- Glass envelope
- Insulating oil
- Collimator shutters
- Collimator mirror
- Glass window of tube housing
- 1, 2, and 3
- 1, 4, and 5
- 2, 3, and 5
- 1, 2, and 5
- 1, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 5
All of the following are rules of good body mechanics, except
- keep the back straight, avoid twisting
- keep the load away from the body
- push, do not pull, the load
- keep a wide base of support
keep the load away from the body
Which of the following is/are accurate positioning or evaluation criteria for an AP projection of the normal knee?
- Femorotibial interspaces equal bilaterally
- Patella superimposed on distal tibia
- CR enters 1/2 inch distal to base of patella
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 only
Biologic material is most sensitive to radiation exposure under which of the following condions?
- Deoxygenated
- Oxygenated
- Hypoxic
- Anoxic
Oxygenated
Each of the following statements regarding respiratory structures is true, except
- the left lung has two lobes
- the lower portion of the lung is the base
- each lung is enclosed in peritoneum
- the main stem bronchus enters the lung hilum
each lung is enclosed in peritoneum
Ionizing radiation passing through tissure and depositing energy through ionization processes is known as
- the characteristic effect
- Compton scatter
- linear energy transfer
- the photoelectric effect
linear energy transfer
Images useful in demonstrating postspinal fusion degree of motion include
- AP flexion and extension
- lateral flexion and extension
- AP right and left bending
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
A blowout fracture usually occurs in which aspect of the orbital wall?
- Superior
- Inferior
- Medial
- Lateral
Inferior
What is the name of the structure indicated an number 5 in figure below?
- Coracoid fossa
- Radial notch
- Olecranon fossa
- Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
Which of the following projections/positions would best demonstrate structure number 8 seen in figure below/
- PA projection
- Lateral projection
- AP external oblique
- AP internal oblique
AP external oblique
From the following, select the group identifying the correct blood path through the heart from systemic, to pulmonary, and back to systemic circulation.
- Left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
- Right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
- Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
- Left atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, right ventricle, mitral valve
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
Tungsten alloy is the usual choice of target material for radiographic equipment because it
- has a high atomic number
- has a high-melting point
- can readily dissipate heat
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
The portion of a hypodermic needle that attaches to the syringe is termed its
- hub
- gauge
- length
- bevel
hub
X-ray tube life may be extended by
- using high-mAs with low-kV technical factors
- avoiding lengthy anode rotation
- avoiding exposures to a cold anode
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
Technical factors of 400 mA, 20 ms, 68 kVp at 40-inch SID were used to produce a satisfactory x-ray image. A change to 4 mAs can be best compensated for by which of the following?
- Increasing the SID to 60 inches
- Decreasing the SID to 20 inches
- Decreasing the kilovoltage to 60 kVp
- Increasing the kilovoltage to 78 kVp
Increasing the kilovoltage to 78 kVp
A parallel-plate ionization chamber receiving a charge from x-ray photons is a/an
- photon multiplier tube
- induction motor
- autotransformer
- AEC
AEC
The position seen in figure below is used to demonstrate
- distal humerus
- proximal forearm
- proximal humerus
- distal forearm
proximal forearm
Which of the following statements is/are true with respect to the difference between the male and female bony pelvis?
- The female pelvic outlet is wider
- The pubic angle is 90o or less in the male
- The male pelvis is shallower
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves partial transfer of the incident photon energy to the involved atom?
- Photoelectric effect
- Compton scattering
- Coherent scattering
- Pair production
Compton scattering
Improved visualization of interphalangeal joint spaces, seen in figure below, can be achieved by
- increasing obliquity of hand
- using a 45o foam wedge
- placing fingers parallel to IR
- 1 only
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
It is essential to question female, patience of childbearing age regarding the
Date of the last menstrual period
Possibility of there being pregnant
Number of x-ray examination stay have had in the past 12 months
1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only 
Geometric, uncertain this is influenced by which of the following?
Distance from object to image
Distance from source to object
Distance from source to image
1 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3 and a little
Alision, with the stock projection from the in Testino Cosa into the lumens, is a/an
Fistula
Polyp
Diverticulum
Abscess 
Polyp
Which of the following radiologic examinations would deliver the greatest ESE?
Chest
Skull
Abdomen
Thoracic spine
Abdomen
The medical term used to describe the vomiting of blood is
hematemesis
hemoptysis
Hematuria
Epistaxis
Hematemesis
Select from the following the three types of motion permitted by saddle/sellar joints.
Flexion
Gliding
Abduction
Circumduction
Medial/lateral rotation
1, 2, and 4
2, 3, and 5
2, 3, and 4
1, 3, and 4
3, 4, and 5
1, 3, and 4
How can OID be reduced for a PA projection of the wrist?
Extender fingers
Flexed the metacarpophalangeal joints
Extend the forearm
Oblique the metacarpals 45°
Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints
The positive electrode of the x-ray tube is the
Capacitor
Grid
Cathode
Anode
Anode
What is the most superior structure of the scapula?
Apex
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Superior angle
Acromion process
Impingement on the wrist’s median nerve causing pain and disability of the affected hand and wrist is known as
Carpal boss syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Carpopedal syndrome
Radioulnar syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Select from the following the three correct statements regarding characteristics of x-ray photons/the x-ray beam.
Fluorescent effect on certain phosphors
Travel at the speed of sound
Physiological effect on living tissue
Negative electrical charge
Collimators focus the x-ray beam
Travel in straight lines
Fluorescent effect on certain phosphors
Physiological effects on living tissue
Travel in straight lines
A term that is often used to describe a particular control panel software selection in medical imaging is
Hardware
Algorithm
Histogram
Modem
Algorithm
The legal doctrine res ipsa loquitur relates to which of the following?
Let the master answer
The thing speaks for itself
A thing or matter settled by justice
A matter settled by precedent
The thing speaks for itself
Select from the following the two radiation monitoring devices that contain air chambers for radiation measurement.
Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
Thermoluminescent dosimeter
Film badge
Direct ion storage dosimeter
Pocket dosimeter
Direct ion storage dosimeter
Pocket dosimeter
In the AP knee projection of an asthenic patient who measures 17 cm from the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) to tabletop, the CR should be directed
Perpendicularly
5° medially
5° cephalad
5° caudad
5° caudad
Which of the following statement is/are true regarding the figure below?
There is inadequate inspiration
Good collimation is evident
Centering is not exact
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
Hypochlorite bleach (Clorox) and Lysol are examples of
antiseptics
Bacteriostatics
Antifungal agents
Disinfectants
Disinfectants
Which of the following affect(s) all the quantity and quality of the primary been?
kV
mA
Half-value layer (HVL)
Distance (SID)
3 and 4
2, 3, and 4
1 and 3
1, 2, and 4
1 and 3
Which of the following groups of organs/structures are located in the left upper quadrant?
Left kidney, left suprarenal gland, and gastric fundus
Left suprarenal gland, pylorus, and duodenal bulb
Hepatic flexure, cecum, and pancreas
Gastric fundus, liver, and cecum
Left kidney, left suprarenal gland, and gastric fundus 
For which of the following can a radiographer be found liable for a negligent tort?
Radiographer images, the wrong forearm
Patient is injured while being position on the x-ray table
Radiographer fails to question patient about possible pregnancy before performing x-ray examination
1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, and 3 
1, 2, and 3