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TEST PREP A-12 Flashcards

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1
Q

The portion of the remnant x-ray beam representing anatomical details having desirable quality is called

  • photoelectric
  • Compton
  • signal
  • noise
A

signal

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2
Q

Which type of error results in grid cutoff at the periphery of the radiographic image?

  • Off-focus
  • Off-center
  • Off-level
  • Off-angle
A

Off-focus

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3
Q

In which of the following projections was the image below made?

  • AP
  • Medial/internal oblique
  • Lateral/external oblique
  • Acute flexion
A

Lateral/external oblique

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4
Q

During measurement of blood pressure, which of the following occurs as the radiographer controls arterial tension with the sphygmomanometer?

  • The brachial vein is collapsed
  • The brachial artery is temporarily collapsed
  • The antecubital vein is monitored
  • Oxygen saturation of arterial blood is monitored
A

The brachial artery is temporarily collapsed

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5
Q

As the CR laser scanner/reader recognizes the phosphostimulated luminescence (PSL) released by the PSP storage plate, it constructs a graphic representation of pixel value distribution, called a/an

  • processing algorithm
  • histogram
  • lookup table
  • exposure index
A

histogram

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6
Q

An accurately positioned oblique projection of the first throughfourth lumbar vertebrae will demonstrate the classic “Scotty dog.” What bony structure does the Scotty dog’s “eye” represent?

  • Superior articular process
  • Pedicle
  • Transverse process
  • Pars interarticularis
A

Pedicle

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7
Q

The term used to describe the gradual decrease in exposure rate as an x-ray beam passes through the matter is

  • attemuation
  • absorption
  • scattered radiation
  • secondary radiation
A

attemuation

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8
Q

Which three of the following elements must be included on an x-ray image ofor it to be considered as legitimate legal evidence?

  1. Name of facility where examination performed
  2. Examination date
  3. Date of birth
  4. Referring physician
  5. Patient identification
  6. Radiographer initials
  • 1, 4, and 5
  • 1, 2, and 5
  • 4, 5, and 6
  • 2, 3, and 4
A

1, 2, and 5

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9
Q

Referring to figure below, the pulmonary veins empty blood into which chamber of the heart?

  • 2
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 8
A

6

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10
Q

Late effects of radiation include late tissue reactions. Examples of late tissue reactions include

  1. organ atrophy
  2. genetic effects
  3. malignant disease
  4. cataract formation
  5. reduced fertility
  • 1, 3, and 4 only
  • 2, 3, and 5 only
  • 1, 4, and 5 only
  • 1, 2, and 3
A

1, 4, and 5 only

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11
Q

Which of the following procedures requires that contrast medium is injected into the ureters?

  • Cystogram
  • Urethrogram
  • Retrograde pyelogram
  • Intravenous urogram
A

Retrograde pyelogram

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12
Q

The unit for kerna is

  • R
  • rad
  • gray
  • coulomb
A

gray

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13
Q

Which of the following combinations would pose the greatest hazard to a particular anode?

  • 0.6-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs
  • 0.6-mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs
  • 1.2-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs
  • 1.2-mm focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs
A

0.6-mm focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs

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14
Q

What is the structure indicated by the letter A in Figure below?

  • Greater tubercle
  • Coronoid process
  • Coracoid process
  • Acromion process
A

Acromion process

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15
Q

Which of the following indicates the glenoid cavity seen in Figure below?

  • B
  • C
  • H
  • M
A

C

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16
Q

The CR should be directed to the center of the part of greatest interest to avoid

  • shape distortion
  • magnification
  • foreshortening
  • elongation
A

shape distortion

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17
Q

Federal regulations regarding infection control in the workplace, as amended by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), make which of the following requirements?

  1. Hepatitis B immunizations must be made available to all hospital employees
  2. Puncture-proof containers must be provided for all used needles
  3. Follow-up care must be provided to any staff accidentally exposed to blood splash/needlestick
  • 1 only
  • 1 and 2 only
  • 2 and 3 only
  • 1, 2, and 3
A

1, 2, and 3

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18
Q

Methods of decreasing patient dose during flouoroscopic examinations include

  1. use of last-image hold
  2. using the lowest practical pulse rate
  3. keeping the patient/part as close to the image intensifier as possible
  • 1 only
  • 1 and 2 only
  • 2 and 3 only
  • 1, 2, and 3
A

1, 2, and 3

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19
Q

Which of the following radiologic examinations requires preparation consisting of a low-residue diet, cathartics, and enemas?

  • Upper GI series
  • Small bowel series
  • Barium enema (BE)
  • Intravenous (IV) cystogram
A

Barium enema (BE)

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20
Q

The exposure timer settings on three-phase radiographic equipment must be tested annually and must be accurate to within

  • +-2%
  • +-5%
  • +-10%
  • +-20%
A

+-5%

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21
Q

Fluoroscopic equipment features designed to eliminate
unnecessary radiation exposure to patients and/or personnel include

  1. protective Pb curtain
  2. primary beam filtration
  3. collimation
  • 1 only
  • 1 and 2 only
  • 1 and 3 only
  • 1, 2, and 3
A

1, 2, and 3

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22
Q

Verbal disclosure of confidential information that is detrimental to the patient is called

  • invasion of provacy
  • slander
  • libel
  • assult
A

slander

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23
Q

If 300 mA has been selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time should be selected to produce 18 mAs?

  • 40 ms
  • 60 ms
  • 400 ms
  • 600 ms
A

60 ms

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24
Q

During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination, contrast medium is injected into the

  • hepatic duct
  • cystic duct
  • pancreatic duct
  • common bile duct
A

common bile duct

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25
Which of the following should be well demonstrated in the oblique position of the cervical vertebrae? 1. Pedicles 2. Disk spaces 3. Zygapophyseal * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 1 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1 only
26
Which of the following is most likely to produce a high-quality image? * Small image matrix * High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) * Large pixel size * Low resolution
High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
27
Select from the following the type(s) of x-ray beam filtration whose function is to decrease patient's skin dose. 1. Inherent 2. Added 3. Compensation 4. Collimation * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 1 and 3 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
28
The image shown in Figure below was made in which of the following recumbent positions? * RAO * Lateral * LPO * PA
LPO
29
Terms tht refer to size distortion include 1. magnification 2. attenuation 3. elongation * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 1 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1 only
30
Advantages of high-frequency generators include 1. small size 2. decreased patient dose 3. nearly constant potential * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
31
The source-to-table distance in fixed/stationary fluoroscopy must * be at least 38 cm (15 inches) * not exceed 38 cm (15 inches) * be at least 30 cm (12 inches) * not exceed 30 cm (12 inches)
be at least 38 cm (15 inches)
32
Which of the following is the *preferred* scheduling sequence? * Lower GI series, abdomen ultrasound, upper GI series * Abdomen ultrasound, lower GI series, upper GI series * Abdomen ultrasound, upper GI series, lower GI series * Upper GI series, lower GI series, abdomen ultrasound
Abdomen ultrasound, lower GI series, upper GI series
33
Which of the following is/are demonstrated in the lateral projectin of the thoracic spine? 1. Intervertebral spaces 2. Zygapophyseal joints 3. Intervertebral foramina * 1 only * 2 only * 1 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3 only
34
As window width increases * contrast scale increases * contrast scale decreases * brightness increases * brightness decreases
brightness increases
35
The AP projection of the chest for pulmonary apices 1. projects the apices above the clavicles 2. requires 15o - 20o of cephalad angulation 3. should demonstrate the medial ends of the clavicles equidistant from the vertebral column * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
36
Rapid onset of severe respiratory or cardiovascular sypmtoms after ingestion or injection of a drug, vaccine, contrast agent, or food or after an insect bite describes * asthma * anaphylaxis * myocardial infarction * rhinitis
anaphylaxis
37
Select the statements from the following that correctly describe lines A and B in Figure below. 1. Line A illustrates wider exposure latitude than line B 2. Line B is typical of digital imaging systems 3. Line A is tpical of PSP response 4. Lines A and B are represientative of analog imaging * 1 and 4 * 1 and 3 * 2 and 3 * 3 and 4
1 and 3
38
Which of the following is/are used to indicate the appropriateness of radiation intensity reaching the IR? 1. Exposure index 2. Sensitivity (S) number 3. Field of view (FOV) * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
39
Which of the following is the *most useful* for bone age evaluation? * Lateral skull * PA chest * AP pelvis * PA hand
PA hand
40
The uppermost/first set of collimator shutters closest to the x-ray tube port window functions * as a variable aperture beam restrictor * to absorb scattered radiation * to reduce off-focus radiation * as positive beam limitation
to reduce off-focus radiation
41
Body substances and fluids that are considered infectious or potentially infectious include 1. sputum 2. synovial fluid 3. crebrospinal fluid * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
42
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NRCP) has recommended what total equivlaent dose limit to the embryo/fetus? * 0.5 mSv * 5.0 mSv * 50 mSv * 500 mSv
5.0 mSv
43
Fluids and medications are administered via the intravenous route for which of the following reason(s)? 1. To achieve a local effect 2. To administer parenteral nutrition 3. To promote rapid response * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
44
Which of the following is/are tested as part of a QC program? 1. Beam alignment 2. Reproducibility 3. Linearity * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 1 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
45
The line-focus principle refers to the fact that * x-rays cannot be focused * x-rays travel in straight lines * the effective focal spot is larger than the actual focal spot * the actual focal spot is larger than the effective focal spot
the actual focal spot is larger than the effective focal spot
46
Which if the images shown in figure below best demonstrates the intercondylar fossa? * Figure 6-6A * Figure 6-6B * Figure 6-6C * Figure 6-6D
Figure 6-6C
47
Which of the following effects does an analgesic have on the body? * Decreases pain * Helps delay clotting * Increases urine output * Combats bacterial growth
Decreases pain
48
Which of the following is/are associated with magnification fluoroscopy? 1. Less noise 2. Improved contrast resolution 3. Improved spatial resolution * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
49
Histogram appearance can be skewed if there is inaccuracy in 1. part centering 2. part positioning 3. processing algorithm selection * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
50
Bone densitometry is often performed to 1. measure degree of bone (de)mineralization 2. evaluate results of osteoporosis treatment/therapy 3. evaluate condition of soft tissue adjacent to bone * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
51
Deficiency of blood to a body tissue describes * necrosis * ischemia * dyspnea * thromus
ischemia
52
If a part received 0.8 Gy during a 4-min fluoroscopic examination, what was the dose rate? * 2 mGy/min * 20 mGu/min * 200 mGy/min * 2000 mGy/min
200 mGy/min
53
The radiation barriers in a controlled area must keep worker exposure to less than * 1 mSv/month * 5 mSv/month * 1 mSv/week * 5 mSv/week
1 mSv/week
54
In the 45o medial oblique projection of the ankle, the 1. talotibial joint is visualized 2. tibiofibular joint is visualized 3. plantar surface is approximately perpendicular to the lower leg/IR * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3only * 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3only
55
Major effect(s) of irradiation of macromolecules include(s) 1. point lesions 2. cross-linking 3. main-chain scission * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 1 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
56
Cells described as somatic include 1. neuron 2. muscle 3. oocytes 4. spermatozoa 5. osteoblasts * 1, 2, and 3 * 2, 3, and 5 * 1, 2, and 5 * 3, 4, and 5
1, 2, and 5
57
An animal host of an infectious organism that transmits the infection via a bite or sting is a * vector * fomite * host * reservoir
vector
58
If the exposure rate at 2.0m from a source of radiation is 18 mGya/min, what will be the exposure rate at 5m from the source? * 2.88 mGya/min * 7.10 mGya/min * 28.8 mGya/min * 71.0 mGya/min
2.88 mGya/min
59
Imperfect expansion of the lung(s), often accompanied by dyspnea, is called * COPD * pneumonia * pneumothorax * atelectasis
atelectasis
60
An axial projection of the clavicle is often helpful in demonstrating a fracture that is not visualized using a perpendicular CR. When examining the clavicle in the PA position, how is the CR directed for the axial projection? * Cephalad * Caudad * Medially * Laterally
Caudad
61
The x-ray tube’s inherent filtration includes: 1. Glass envelope 2. Insulating oil 3. Collimator shutters 4. Collimator mirror 5. Glass window of tube housing * 1, 2, and 3 * 1, 4, and 5 * 2, 3, and 5 * 1, 2, and 5 * 1, 3, and 4
1, 2, and 5
62
All of the following are rules of good body mechanics, *except* * keep the back straight, avoid twisting * keep the load away from the body * push, do not pull, the load * keep a wide base of support
keep the load away from the body
63
Which of the following is/are accurate positioning or evaluation criteria for an AP projection of the normal knee? 1. Femorotibial interspaces equal bilaterally 2. Patella superimposed on distal tibia 3. CR enters 1/2 inch distal to base of patella * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 1 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1 only
64
Biologic material is most sensitive to radiation exposure under which of the following condions? * Deoxygenated * Oxygenated * Hypoxic * Anoxic
Oxygenated
65
Each of the following statements regarding respiratory structures is true, *except* * the left lung has two lobes * the lower portion of the lung is the base * each lung is enclosed in peritoneum * the main stem bronchus enters the lung hilum
each lung is enclosed in peritoneum
66
Ionizing radiation passing through tissure and depositing energy through ionization processes is known as * the characteristic effect * Compton scatter * linear energy transfer * the photoelectric effect
linear energy transfer
67
Images useful in demonstrating postspinal fusion degree of motion include 1. AP flexion and extension 2. lateral flexion and extension 3. AP right and left bending * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
68
A blowout fracture usually occurs in which aspect of the orbital wall? * Superior * Inferior * Medial * Lateral
Inferior
69
What is the name of the structure indicated an number 5 in figure below? * Coracoid fossa * Radial notch * Olecranon fossa * Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
70
Which of the following projections/positions would best demonstrate structure number 8 seen in figure below/ * PA projection * Lateral projection * AP external oblique * AP internal oblique
AP external oblique
71
From the following, select the group identifying the correct blood path through the heart from systemic, to pulmonary, and back to systemic circulation. * Left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, aortic semilunar valve * Right atrium, mitral valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve * Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve * Left atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, right ventricle, mitral valve
Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve
72
Tungsten alloy is the usual choice of target material for radiographic equipment because it 1. has a high atomic number 2. has a high-melting point 3. can readily dissipate heat * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
73
The portion of a hypodermic needle that attaches to the syringe is termed its * hub * gauge * length * bevel
hub
74
X-ray tube life may be extended by 1. using high-mAs with low-kV technical factors 2. avoiding lengthy anode rotation 3. avoiding exposures to a cold anode * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
75
Technical factors of 400 mA, 20 ms, 68 kVp at 40-inch SID were used to produce a satisfactory x-ray image. A change to 4 mAs can be *best* compensated for by which of the following? * Increasing the SID to 60 inches * Decreasing the SID to 20 inches * Decreasing the kilovoltage to 60 kVp * Increasing the kilovoltage to 78 kVp
Increasing the kilovoltage to 78 kVp
76
A parallel-plate ionization chamber receiving a charge from x-ray photons is a/an * photon multiplier tube * induction motor * autotransformer * AEC
AEC
77
The position seen in figure below is used to demonstrate * distal humerus * proximal forearm * proximal humerus * distal forearm
proximal forearm
78
Which of the following statements is/are true with respect to the difference between the male and female bony pelvis? 1. The female pelvic outlet is wider 2. The pubic angle is 90o or less in the male 3. The male pelvis is shallower * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only
79
Which interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves partial transfer of the incident photon energy to the involved atom? * Photoelectric effect * Compton scattering * Coherent scattering * Pair production
Compton scattering
80
Improved visualization of interphalangeal joint spaces, seen in figure below, can be achieved by 1. increasing obliquity of hand 2. using a 45o foam wedge 3. placing fingers parallel to IR * 1 only * 1 and 2 only * 2 and 3 only * 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3 only
81
It is essential to question female, patience of childbearing age regarding the Date of the last menstrual period Possibility of there being pregnant Number of x-ray examination stay have had in the past 12 months 1 only 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2 only 
82
Geometric, uncertain this is influenced by which of the following? Distance from object to image Distance from source to object Distance from source to image 1 only 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3 and a little
83
Alision, with the stock projection from the in Testino Cosa into the lumens, is a/an Fistula Polyp Diverticulum Abscess 
Polyp
84
Which of the following radiologic examinations would deliver the greatest ESE? Chest Skull Abdomen Thoracic spine
Abdomen
85
The medical term used to describe the vomiting of blood is hematemesis hemoptysis Hematuria Epistaxis
Hematemesis
86
Select from the following the three types of motion permitted by saddle/sellar joints. Flexion Gliding Abduction Circumduction Medial/lateral rotation 1, 2, and 4 2, 3, and 5 2, 3, and 4 1, 3, and 4 3, 4, and 5
1, 3, and 4
87
How can OID be reduced for a PA projection of the wrist? Extender fingers Flexed the metacarpophalangeal joints Extend the forearm Oblique the metacarpals 45°
Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints
88
The positive electrode of the x-ray tube is the Capacitor Grid Cathode Anode
Anode
89
What is the most superior structure of the scapula? Apex Acromion process Coracoid process Superior angle
Acromion process
90
Impingement on the wrist’s median nerve causing pain and disability of the affected hand and wrist is known as Carpal boss syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpopedal syndrome Radioulnar syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
91
Select from the following the three correct statements regarding characteristics of x-ray photons/the x-ray beam. Fluorescent effect on certain phosphors Travel at the speed of sound Physiological effect on living tissue Negative electrical charge Collimators focus the x-ray beam Travel in straight lines
Fluorescent effect on certain phosphors Physiological effects on living tissue Travel in straight lines
92
A term that is often used to describe a particular control panel software selection in medical imaging is Hardware Algorithm Histogram Modem
Algorithm
93
The legal doctrine res ipsa loquitur relates to which of the following? Let the master answer The thing speaks for itself A thing or matter settled by justice A matter settled by precedent
The thing speaks for itself
94
Select from the following the two radiation monitoring devices that contain air chambers for radiation measurement. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter Thermoluminescent dosimeter Film badge Direct ion storage dosimeter Pocket dosimeter
Direct ion storage dosimeter Pocket dosimeter
95
In the AP knee projection of an asthenic patient who measures 17 cm from the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) to tabletop, the CR should be directed Perpendicularly 5° medially 5° cephalad 5° caudad
5° caudad
96
Which of the following statement is/are true regarding the figure below? There is inadequate inspiration Good collimation is evident Centering is not exact 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
97
Hypochlorite bleach (Clorox) and Lysol are examples of antiseptics Bacteriostatics Antifungal agents Disinfectants
Disinfectants
98
Which of the following affect(s) all the quantity and quality of the primary been? kV mA Half-value layer (HVL) Distance (SID) 3 and 4 2, 3, and 4 1 and 3 1, 2, and 4
1 and 3
99
Which of the following groups of organs/structures are located in the left upper quadrant? Left kidney, left suprarenal gland, and gastric fundus Left suprarenal gland, pylorus, and duodenal bulb Hepatic flexure, cecum, and pancreas Gastric fundus, liver, and cecum
Left kidney, left suprarenal gland, and gastric fundus 
100
For which of the following can a radiographer be found liable for a negligent tort? Radiographer images, the wrong forearm Patient is injured while being position on the x-ray table Radiographer fails to question patient about possible pregnancy before performing x-ray examination 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2, and 3 
1, 2, and 3

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