Test practice 4 Flashcards
Although critics believed that customers would never agree to pay to pick their own produce on farms, such concerns didn’t ______blank Booker T. Whatley’s efforts to promote the practice. Thanks in part to Whatley’s determined advocacy, farms that allow visitors to pick their own apples, pumpkins, and other produce can be found throughout the United States.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.enhance
B.hinder
C.misrepresent
D.aggravate
Choice B is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of Booker T. Whatley. In this context, “hinder” means hold back or obstruct.
Set in a world where science fiction tropes exist as everyday realities, Charles Yu’s 2010 novel How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional Universe traces a time traveler’s quest to find his father. Because the journey at the novel’s center is so ______blank, with the protagonist ricocheting chaotically across time, the reader often wonders whether the pair will ever be reunited.
Question 3 Answers
Prompt for question3
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.haphazard
B.premeditated
C.inspirational
D.fruitless
Choice A is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of Yu’s novel. In this context, “haphazard” means marked by a lack of plan or order. The text indicates that the quest featured in the novel, which involves the protagonist bouncing across time, is chaotic and causes the reader to often wonder what will happen. This context suggests that the protagonist’s journey seems to be marked by a lack of order.
In a 2019 study, Jeremy Gunawardena and colleagues found that the single-celled protozoan Stentor roeseli not only uses strategies to escape irritating stimuli but also switches strategies when one fails. This evidence of protozoans sophisticatedly “changing their minds” demonstrates that single-celled organisms may not be limited to ______blank behaviors.
Question 4 Answers
Prompt for question4
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.aggressive
B.rudimentary
C.evolving
D.advantageous
Choice B is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of single-celled organism behavior. As used in this context, “rudimentary” means basic or unsophisticated. According to the text, a study of the single-celled protozoan Stentor roeseli showed that the organisms can switch strategies for escaping certain stimuli, “sophisticatedly ‘changing their minds’” and using new strategies should other strategies fail. This context suggests that single-celled organisms may not be limited to behaviors that are basic or rudimentary, since the study showed that single-celled protozoans can respond complexly to irritating stimuli.
Some economic historians ______blank that late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century households in the United States experienced an economy of scale when it came to food purchases—they assumed that large households spent less on food per person than did small households. Economist Trevon Logan showed, however, that a close look at the available data disproves this supposition.
Question 5 Answers
Prompt for question5
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.surmised
B.contrived
C.questioned
D.regretted
Choice A is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century household food purchases. In this context, “surmised” means formed an idea or assumption with little evidence. The text explains that certain economic historians “assumed” that large and small households spent different amounts on food per person, but that another economist found this supposition to be false based on evidence from available data. This context suggests that the economic historians made an incorrect assumption without enough consideration of evidence.
The following text is adapted from Karel Čapek’s 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots), translated by Paul Selver and Nigel Playfair in 1923. Fabry and Busman are telling Miss Glory why their company manufactures robots.
FABRY: One Robot can replace two and a half workmen. The human machine, Miss Glory, was terribly imperfect. It had to be removed sooner or later.
BUSMAN: It was too expensive.
FABRY: It was not effective. It no longer answers the requirements of modern engineering. Nature has no idea of keeping pace with modern labor.
Question 6 Answers
Prompt for question6
As used in the text, what does the word “answers” most nearly mean?
A.Explains
B.Rebuts
C.Defends
D.Fulfills
Choice D is the best answer because as used in the text, “answers” most nearly means fulfills. In the text, Fabry and Busman claim that the robots manufactured by their company are more efficient than human workers, which they refer to as “the human machine.” Fabry observes that the human machine “no longer answers the requirements of modern engineering.” That is, human workers are incapable of meeting the rigorous needs of modern, industrialized workplaces.
The Souls of Black Folk is a 1903 book by W.E.B. Du Bois. In the book, Du Bois suggests that upon hearing Black folk songs, he felt an intuitive and sometimes unexpected sense of cultural recognition: ______blank
Question 10 Answers
Prompt for question10
Which quotation from The Souls of Black Folk most effectively illustrates the claim?
A.
“[Black folk music] still remains as the singular spiritual heritage of the nation and the greatest gift of the Negro people.”
B.
“Ever since I was a child these songs have stirred me strangely. They came out of the South unknown to me, one by one, and yet at once I knew them as of me and of mine.”
C.
“Caricature has sought again to spoil the quaint beauty of the music, and has filled the air with many debased melodies which vulgar ears scarce know from the real. But the true Negro folk-song still lives in the hearts of those who have heard them truly sung and in the hearts of the Negro people.”
D.
“The songs are indeed the siftings of centuries; the music is far more ancient than the words, and in it we can trace here and there signs of development.”
Choice B is the best answer because the quotation from The Souls of Black Folk illustrates the claim that Du Bois felt a sense of cultural recognition when he heard Black folk songs. In the quotation, Du Bois explains that for his entire life, Black folk songs “stirred [him] strangely.” Even though they originated in the South, a region he wasn’t familiar with, he knew the songs “as of me and of mine.” That is, he identified strongly with them and associated them with his community. Therefore, Du Bois felt an intuitive sense of cultural recognition when he heard Black folk songs.
Geographer Adebayo Oluwole Eludoyin and his colleagues surveyed small-scale farmers in three locations in Ondo State, Nigeria—which has mountainous terrain in the north, an urbanized center, and coastal terrain in the south—to learn more about their practices, like the types of crops they mainly cultivated. In some regions, female farmers were found to be especially prominent in the cultivation of specific types of crops and even constituted the majority of farmers who cultivated those crops; for instance, ______
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Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example?
A.
most of the farmers who mainly cultivated cereals and most of the farmers who mainly cultivated non–root vegetables in south Ondo were women.
B.
more women in central Ondo mainly cultivated root crops than mainly cultivated cereals.
C.
most of the farmers who mainly cultivated non–root vegetables in north and south Ondo were women.
D.
a relatively equal proportion of women across the three regions of Ondo mainly cultivated cereals.
Choice C is the best answer because it uses data from the graph to effectively complete the example of Eludoyin and his colleagues’ findings concerning female farmers in some regions of Ondo State, Nigeria. The graph presents values for the percentage of Ondo State small-scale farmers who are female, by type of crop and region. The graph shows that of the farmers mainly cultivating non-root vegetables, approximately 57% in north Ondo and approximately 54% in south Ondo are female; in other words, most of those farmers are female, which exemplifies the idea that female farmers make up the majority (more than half) of the farmers cultivating specific types of crops in some regions.
Herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs could grow more than 100 feet long and weigh up to 80 tons, and some researchers have attributed the evolution of sauropods to such massive sizes to increased plant production resulting from high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide during the Mesozoic era. However, there is no evidence of significant spikes in carbon dioxide levels coinciding with relevant periods in sauropod evolution, such as when the first large sauropods appeared, when several sauropod lineages underwent further evolution toward gigantism, or when sauropods reached their maximum known sizes, suggesting that ______blank
Question 13 Answers
Prompt for question13
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A.
fluctuations in atmospheric carbon dioxide affected different sauropod lineages differently.
B.
the evolution of larger body sizes in sauropods did not depend on increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
C.
atmospheric carbon dioxide was higher when the largest known sauropods lived than it was when the first sauropods appeared.
D.
sauropods probably would not have evolved to such immense sizes if atmospheric carbon dioxide had been even slightly higher.
Choice B is the best answer because it presents the conclusion that most logically follows from the text’s discussion of the relationship between atmospheric carbon dioxide and sauropod body size.
the evolution of larger sizes didn’t depend on increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
A model created by biologist Luis Valente predicts that the rate of speciation—the rate at which new species form—on an isolated island located approximately 5,000 kilometers from the nearest mainland ______blank triple the rate of speciation on an island only 500 kilometers from the mainland.
Question 20 Answers
Prompt for question20
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.being
B.to be
C.to have been
D.will be
Choice D is the best answer.
The biologist predicts, therefore, it will happen in the future.
Award-winning travel writer Linda Watanabe McFerrin considers the background research she conducts on destinations featured in her travel books to be its own reward. ______blank McFerrin admits to finding the research phase of her work just as fascinating and engaging as exploring a location in person.
Question 21 Answers
Prompt for question21
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A.By contrast,
B.Likewise,
C.Besides,
D.In fact,
Choice D is the best answer. “In fact” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that McFerrin finds the research phase of her work to be just as fascinating as travel—emphasizes and elaborates on the previous sentence’s point that McFerrin regards background research as a rewarding activity.
For a 2020 exhibition, photographer and neurobiologist Okunola Jeyifous ______blank a series of new images based on a series of alphabet posters from the 1970s known as the “Black ABCs,” which featured Black children from Chicago. Jeyifous photographed the now-adult models and layered the photos over magnified images of the models’ cells, resulting in what he called “micro and macro portraiture.”
Question 5 Answers
Prompt for question5
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
A.validated
B.created
C.challenged
D.restored
Choice B is the best answer because it most logically and precisely completes the text’s discussion of Jeyifous’s series of images for the 2020 exhibition.
Scientists believe that, unlike most other species of barnacle, turtle barnacles (Chelonibia testudinari) can dissolve the cement-like secretions they use to attach ______blank to a sea turtle shell, enabling the barnacles to move short distances across the shell’s surface.
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Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A.it
B.themselves
C.them
D.itself
Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is pronoun-antecedent agreement. The plural reflexive pronoun “themselves” agrees in number with the plural antecedent “turtle barnacles,” correctly indicating what is attached to a sea turtle shell.
