Question bank Flashcards
Marta Coll and colleagues’ 2010 Mediterranean Sea biodiversity census reported approximately 17,000 species, nearly
double the number reported in Carlo Bianchi and Carla Morri’s 2000 census—a difference only partly attributable to the
description of new invertebrate species in the interim. Another factor is that the morphological variability of
microorganisms is poorly understood compared to that of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and algae, creating
uncertainty about how to evaluate microorganisms as species. Researchers’ decisions on such matters therefore can be
highly consequential. Indeed, the two censuses reported similar counts of vertebrate, plant, and algal species, suggesting
that ______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A.
Coll and colleagues reported a much higher number of species than Bianchi and Morri did largely due to the inclusion
of invertebrate species that had not been described at the time of Bianchi and Morri’s census.
B.
some differences observed in microorganisms may have been treated as variations within species by Bianchi and
Morri but treated as indicative of distinct species by Coll and colleagues.
C.
Bianchi and Morri may have been less sensitive to the degree of morphological variation displayed within a typical
species of microorganism than Coll and colleagues were.
D.
the absence of clarity regarding how to differentiate among species of microorganisms may have resulted in Coll and
colleagues underestimating the number of microorganism species.
B. some differences observed in microorganisms may have been treated as variations within species by Bianchi and
Morri but treated as indicative of distinct species by Coll and colleagues.
For centuries, the widespread acknowledgment of the involvement of the cerebellum—a dense brain structure in
vertebrates—in coordinating motor control in humans has hindered recognition of other possible functions of the
structure. Neuroscience research from the last two decades now suggests that the cerebellum regulates emotion and
social behavior, and recent research by Ilaria Carta and colleagues has identified a pathway connecting the cerebellum to
a center for motivation and reward processing known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA).
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A.
The recent verification of a pathway between the VTA and the cerebellum confirms the cerebellum’s long-suspected
role in motor coordination.
B.
Recent advances in the field of neuroscience have challenged widely accepted claims about the function of a
pathway connecting the VTA and the cerebellum.
C.
The cerebellum has primarily been thought to regulate motor functioning, but in recent years neuroscience
researchers have been uncovering additional functions.
D.
Technological limitations have historically hindered the study of the cerebellum, but the recent development of new
technologies has led to greater insights into its functions.
C.
The cerebellum has primarily been thought to regulate motor functioning, but in recent years neuroscience
researchers have been uncovering additional functions.
Many governments that regularly transfer money to individuals—to provide supplemental incomes for senior citizens, for
example—have long done so electronically, but other countries typically have distributed physical money and have only
recently developed electronic transfer infrastructure. Researchers studied the introduction of an electronic transfer
system in one such location and found that recipients of electronic transfers consumed a different array of foods than
recipients of physical transfers of the same amount did. One potential explanation for this result is that individuals
conceive of and allocate funds in physical money differently than they conceive of and allocate funds in electronic form.
Which finding from the study, if true, would most directly weaken the potential explanation?
A. Recipients of electronic transfers typically spent their funds at a slower rate than recipients of physical transfers did.
B.
Nearly every recipient of an electronic transfer withdrew the entire amount in physical money shortly after receiving
the transfer.
C. Recipients of physical transfers tended to purchase food about as frequently as recipients of electronic transfers did.
D.
Some recipients of physical transfers received small amounts of money relatively frequently, while others received
large amounts relatively infrequently.
B.
Nearly every recipient of an electronic transfer withdrew the entire amount in physical money shortly after receiving
the transfer.
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Freddie Wong (born 1985) is a director and special effects artist from the United States.
He is best known for the action-comedy web series Video Game High School (VGHS).
VGHS premiered in 2012 on RocketJump, a YouTube channel that Wong cocreated.
The series was celebrated for its inventive video game–centric world and high-quality special effects.
VGHS was nominated for a Producers Guild Award for Outstanding Digital Series.
The student wants to begin a narrative about Wong’s award-nominated web series. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A.
In 2012, director and visual effects artist Freddie Wong launched a new action-comedy web series: Video Game High
School.
B.
Video Game High School was celebrated for its inventive video game–centric world and high-quality special effects,
and it was nominated for a Producer’s Guild Award for Outstanding Digital Series.
C.
Wong, cocreator of the YouTube channel RocketJump, would go on to see his web series be nominated for a
Producers Guild Award.
D. In 2012, Video Game High School premiered on RocketJump; it would later be nominated for an award.
A.
In 2012, director and visual effects artist Freddie Wong launched a new action-comedy web series: Video Game High
School.
Plato believed material objects to be crude representations of unseen ideal forms. In his view, such abstract, nonmaterial
forms are the ultimate source of knowledge. Aristotle disagreed, positing that knowledge is best obtained through direct
engagement with the material world; ______ sensory experience of the material is the ultimate source of knowledge.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. regardless,
B. admittedly,
C. in other words,
D. meanwhile,
C. in other words,
Magnetic levitation (maglev) trains are suspended above a track by powerful electromagnets, reducing friction and thus
allowing for much faster speeds. Though maglev advocates in the US have long imagined these trains crisscrossing the
country, their dream remains unrealized. ______ of the handful of maglev trains currently in operation, all are in Asia.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In fact,
B. To that end,
C. Nevertheless,
D. That said,
A. In fact,
A 2017 study of sign language learners tested the role of iconicity—the similarity of a sign to the thing it represents—in
language acquisition. The study found that the greater the iconicity of a sign, the more likely it was to have been learned.
______ the correlation between acquisition and iconicity was lower than that between acquisition and another factor
studied: sign frequency.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A. In fact,
B. In other words,
C. Granted,
D. As a result,
C. Granted,
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Archaeologist Jon Erlandson and colleagues argue that humans first arrived in the Americas by sea.
They propose that humans traveled between Pacific Ocean islands and coastlines from northeast Asia to the
Americas.
Many of these islands and coastal zones were later submerged as glaciers melted and sea levels rose.
The researchers think that “a coastal route, including kelp forests and estuaries, would have provided a rich mix
of marine, estuarine, riverine, and terrestrial resources” such as seaweeds, fish, and birds.
This proposed scenario is known as the kelp highway hypothesis.
The student wants to summarize the kelp highway hypothesis. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A.
Pacific Ocean islands and coastlines likely contained “a rich mix of marine, estuarine, riverine, and terrestrial
resources” such as seaweeds, fish, and birds, according to researchers.
B.
One argument about how humans first arrived in the Americas is the kelp highway hypothesis proposed by Jon
Erlandson and colleagues.
C.
Humans may have first arrived in the Americas by sea, traveling between Pacific Ocean islands and coastlines and
subsisting on a variety of resources.
D. As glaciers melted and sea levels rose, many Pacific Ocean islands and coastal zones were submerged.
C.
Humans may have first arrived in the Americas by sea, traveling between Pacific Ocean islands and coastlines and
subsisting on a variety of resources.
