Test Paper Qs Flashcards
Palisade cells have more chloroplasts than spongy mesophyll cells. Explain why. (1)
So they can absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis as they are on the upper surface of the leaf (1).
Suggest why using egg donation is a difficult decision for people to make. (3)
The child will have no genetic link to the mother (1) and may want to find their biological mother in the future (1). Donor eggs may have genetic health conditions etc. (1)
Explain why a brewer may use temperatures slightly below the optimum temperature of yeast. (1)
It is cheaper as less energy is required (1).
Explain why plants do not grow well in water-logged soils. (3)
There is not enough oxygen in the soil for root hair cells to respire (1) and produce energy for active transport of minerals (1).
Suggest why it could be an advantage to grow plants in salty soils. (1)
Plants can be grown in more places (1).
Suggest how plants are adopted for absorbing water. (2)
They have root hair cells which increase the surface area for water uptake (1). Water moves across a partially permeable membrane in root hair cells by osmosis (1).
Transpiration happens more rapidly when the temperature is higher. Explain why. (1)
More enters for water to evaporate (1).
Explain one disadvantage of farmers allowing chickens to more freely. (2)
They will lose more energy through heat and respiration (1), meaning less energy is used for growth (1).
Describe ways in which xylem cells are different to potato cells. (2)
Xylem cells have no cytoplasm/organelles (1) and they have a thick cell wall (1).
Why can fish not breath out of water? (1)
Gills do not work out of water (1).
Why must methane in biogas remain above 50%? (2)
Biogas would be explosive otherwise (1) and it is more flammable (1).
Suggest why hip joint replacements only last 20 years. (3)
Metal/plastic wears away (1) and the body reject it (1). Also, it does not grow with the body (1).
Which bacterium causes cholera? (1)
Vibrio (1)
The number of plankton varies throughout the year. Explain why. (1)
Changes in temperature and light intensity (1) as well as food availability (1).
Explain why you should not produce spirits at home. (2)
It is illegal (1) as a license is required to produce spirits (1).
Suggests the advantage of having some cartilage in the ribcage. (1)
Flexibility/Movement (1)
What are some possible consequences of having the amniocentesis test? (3)
Miscarriage - 1 in 2000 chance (1)
Risk of infection (1)
Abortion (1)
State the differences between a single and double circulatory system. (3)
Number of heart chambers (1)
Times blood passes through heart (1)
Blood mixing or not (1)
How does agglutination occur? (3)
Agglutination is blood clumping (1) and occurs when incompatible blood types mix (1). Antibodies bind with corresponding antigens on red blood cells (1).
What is the name of the chemical substance (containing nitrogen) that plants require for respiration and photosynthesis? (1)
Proteins, e.g. enzymes (1)
State ways in which farmers use biomass. (3)
Food (1)
Animal food (1)
Building (1)
What two substances broken down into ammonia? (2)
Urea (1) and proteins (1)
What does breathing rate suggest about the severity of asthma? (2)
Slower breathing rate implies worse asthma (1) as airways are narrower (1).
Suggest problems blood might be tested for prior to a blood transfusion.
Anaemia (1) WBC/RBC (1) Platelet count (1) Pathogens (1) HIV (1) Haemophilia (1)
Suggest ways intensive farming damages the environment. (3)
Fertilisers cause eutrophication (1)
Pesticides kill other organisms - bioaccumulation (1)
Herbicides kill other plants (1)
Explain how water is transported from the roots up to the leaves. (2)
Transpiration occurs in leaves (1) causing water to be pulled up through xylem vessels (1).
Explain why the stomata cannot remain completely closed. (2)
Needed for gas exchange (1) and cooling from transpiration (1).
What are the advantages of gasohol? (2)
Releases no particulates (1) and is a more renewable energy source (1).
Explain why lactose sugars need to be broken down. (2)
To prevent them from fermenting in the gut (1) and in order to enter the blood (1).
What makes a suitable organ donor? (2)
Tissues match (1) and healthy (1).
Why must progesterone levels remain high after fertilisation? (3)
To maintain the uterus lining (1) so the embryo can develop (1). This avoids miscarriage (1).
Why should pesticides not be used? (2)
Can kill other organisms through bioaccumulation (1) and pests can become persistent (1).
Why do large amounts of bacteria cause the body temperature to rise? (1)
The body responds by raising the temperature to kill bacteria (1).
Biofuels can be produced and used without causing a net increase in greenhouse gas levels. Explain how. (2)
Biomass absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesise during their lifetime (1). This balances the carbon dioxide released when biofuels are burned (1).
