B5 Skeletons Flashcards
What is the role of the skeleton? (1)
To provide framework (shape) and support to the body (1).
What are the advantages of having an internal skeleton? (2)
The internal skeleton grows with the body (1).
It is also easy to attach muscles and joints to allow flexibility (1).
What is the internal skeleton made up of? (2)
The internal skeleton is made up of living tissues (1), mainly bone and cartilage (1).
What is cartilage? (1)
Cartilage is smooth, connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at a joint (1).
What is an external skeleton? (2)
An external skeleton (exoskeleton) is framework on the outside of an organism’s body (1). Most insects have exoskeletons made from chitin (1).
How are long bones better than other bones in the body? (2)
Long bones have a hollow shaft so they weigh less (1) and are stronger (1).
What does the ‘hollow shaft’ of long bones contain? (2)
The hollow shaft of long bones contains bone marrow (1) and blood vessels (1).
Explain the process of ossification. (2)
Ossification is the process of cartilage turning into calcium (1) and phosphate salts (1) during growth.
Why do children still have cartilage in their bones? (1)
Children have cartilage in their bones because they are growing (1).
List one way you can determine a person’s age. (1)
The amount of cartilage in a person’s bones is a good indicator of their age (1).
What is a simple fracture? (1)
The bone breaks cleanly (1).
What is a green-stick fracture? (1)
The bone is not completely broken (1).
What is a compound fracture? (1)
The bone breaks through muscle or skin (1).
What is a joint?
A joint is where two or more bones meet (1).
What is a ligament? (1)
A ligament is the tissue that connects bones to joint (1).
What is a tendon? (1)
A tendon attaches muscle to bones (1).
How do joints move? (1)
Muscle contractions (1)
What is a fixed joint?
Give an example. (2)
Has no movement, e.g. skull (2)
What is a hinge joint?
Give an example. (2)
Moves in one direction, e.g. knee or elbow (2)
What is a ball and socket joint?
Give an example. (2)
Moves in all directions (allows rotation), e.g. hip and shoulder (2)
What is the role of synovial fluid? (1)
Lubricates (1) and cushions (1) the bone.
What is the role of the synovial membrane? (1)
Secretes synovial fluid (1).
What is the role of cartilage? (1)
Prevents friction between bones (1).
The biceps and triceps are antagonistic muscles.
What is meant by antagonistic? (1)
Muscles which work in opposites - one muscle contracts and the other relaxes (1).
Explain how the radius bone acts as a lever. (2)
The bicep muscle is attached close to the bone and only contracts a short distance (1). The radius bone acts as a lever so the hand moves much further (1).
