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Motion and Static Palpation > Test one review > Flashcards

Test one review Flashcards

1
Q

Order of examination

A

inspection, instrumentation, static palpation, motion palpation, X-ray

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2
Q

can the order of examination vary?

A

yes, if patient is in acute pain then static palpations preferred over dynamic

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3
Q

Inspection categories

A

changes in posture/gait, changes in color, changes in symmetry, presence of scars/ lesions

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4
Q

what are the most important aspects of visual inspection

A

changes in posture and gait

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5
Q

every inch of anterior head translation equates to how many pounds

A

10lbs

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6
Q

what does posture reflect

A

the interrelationship of structural architecture

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6
Q

signs of scoliosis

A

uneven shoulders, uneven hips, curve in spine

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6
Q

does the shape and articulations of the bone affect posture

A

yes

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6
Q

what is important in the biomechanical function and efficiency of a joint

A

posture

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7
Q

what can affect the epiphyseal growth rates in a growing skeleton

A

asymmetrical loads on the bone

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7
Q

hyperemia (red response)

A

superficial vascular response of vasodilation due to digital palpation OR local autonomic system dysfunction secondary to VSC in that area

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8
Q

Heuter- Volkmann (HV) law

A

increased pressure across the growth plate inhibits vertical growth and decreased pressure accelerates growth

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9
Q

constant asymmetrical postural loads on the vertebral segments will lead to what

A

dysfunction

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9
Q

what can changes in color indicate

A

area of trauma, inflammation, lack of circulation

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10
Q

symmetry

A

hair, musculature, condition, slope, contour of the skin

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11
Q

Static Palpation

A

TEM
temperature, edema, musculature

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12
Q

motion palpation

A

evaluates 6 cardinal ranges of motion for a joint (predominantly from (L5-C2)

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13
Q

what does motion palpation evaluate

A

whether the ligament is normal through the use of joint play

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14
Q

joint play

A

the end feel spring of a joint

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15
Q

what does loss of joint play indicate

A

presence of scar tissue, swelling of the capsule, bony changes within that space

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16
Q

positional dyskinesia

A

misalignment of one vertebra on another caused by micro or macro trauma

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17
Q

microtrauma

A

degenerative processes on soft tissue that occur over time
ex: gravity, handedness

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18
Q

macro trauma

A

sudden forces acting on the body that exceed the limitations of the tissue
ex: falls, accidents, blows to the body

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19
Q

fixation dysfunction

A

implies abnormal motion characteristics are present

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20
Q

ligaments function

A

to maintain normal physiological ranges of motion, protect the spinal cord, transfer tensile forces from one bone to another, attach bone to bone

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21
Q

how are ligaments organized

A

collagen fibers are organized longitudinally in the direction the tensile forces are applied

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22
Q

what do fibrous adhesions do to ligaments

A

compromise the integrity and function

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23
Q

what are the types of ligaments

A

continuous and segmental

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24
Q

what is the elastic barrier

A

resists further movement of the joint, when the tissue has been stretched to its maximum,

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25
Q

what is an example of a continuous ligament

A

PLL, ALL

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26
Q

what is an example of a segmental ligament

A

inter-transverse ligaments

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27
Q

who can test joint play

A

only the examiner

28
Q

a decrease in joint play will have what effect on the ROM

A

decrease ROM

29
Q

active range of motion

A

evaluates the integrity of the muscles (STRAIN)

30
Q

passive range of motion

A

evaluates the integrity of the ligaments, joint capsules, disc (SPRAIN)

31
Q

fixation

A

loss of one or more ranges of motion in the joint

32
Q

subluxation

A

fixation plus nerve interference

33
Q

inspect for ?

A

level

34
Q

palpate for ?

A

tone

35
Q

causes for changes in the level of the gluteal folds

A

postural changes dye to repetitive action or scoliosis, PI/AS ilium, lumbar innervation issues due to subluxations or disc herniations, hypertrophy due to activities (cerebral dominance, work, sports)

36
Q

static palpation of pelvis

A

T-temperature
E- edema (above and below PSIS as well as medial border)
M- musculature (tone of gluteal muscles)

37
Q

ilium flexion

A

PSIS move posterior, inferior, medial

38
Q

ilium extension

A

PSIS move anterior, superior, lateral

39
Q

sacral extension

A

counter nutation
sacral base moves posterior and superior

40
Q

what do we feel in lab when the sacrum is in extension

A

S2 and S4 move posterior and inferior

41
Q

sacral flexion

A

nutation
sacral base moves anterior and inferior

42
Q

what do we feel in lab when the sacrum is in flexion

A

S2 and S4 anterior and superior

43
Q

when does nutation occur

A

sacral flexion, when sitting or forward bending

44
Q

when does counternutation occur

A

sacral extension, standing

45
Q

what influences the upper SI joint

A

the weight of the upper body transferred through the lumbosacral joint

46
Q

what influences the lower SI joint

A

ground forces ascending from the lower extremities via the head of the femur

47
Q

SI fixation at any degree inhibits what

A

compensatory torsion capacity of the spinal segments

48
Q

what happens to the lumbar when the SI jt is fixated

A

normal lumbar torsion is restricted and axial torsion of the cord and nerve roots is produced

49
Q

what is the least subjective of the objective findings

A

X-ray

50
Q

standing pelvis movements

A

PSIS move anterior, super, lateral
sacral base moves into counter nutation aka sacral extension
ischial tuberosity move posterior, inferior, and medial

51
Q

sitting pelvis movements

A

PSIS move posterior, inferior, and medial
sacral base moves into nutation aka sacral flexion, anterior and inferior
ischial tuberosity move anterior, superior, lateral

52
Q

vertebral subluxation complex (VSC)

A

kinesiopathology, neuropathology, myopathology, histopathology, pathophysiology

53
Q

kinesiopathology

A

deviation from normal biomechanical joint action
-hypermobility, hypomobility, joint play, and altered axis of motion

54
Q

what is kinesiopathology determined through

A

motion palpation

55
Q

if normal expected movement occurs what can be ruled out

A

kinesiopathology

56
Q

neuropathophysiology

A

compression lesion, facilitated lesion, loss of neurological integration

57
Q

what is compression lesion

A

typical pinched nerve resulting in diminished function

58
Q

facilitated lesion

A

most common, increased function and irritation

59
Q

loss of neurological integration

A

altered postural sense, vasomotor control and temperature regulation

60
Q

what can neuropathophysiology be determined by

A

specialized tests

61
Q

histopathology

A

inflammation, edema, swelling, degeneration

62
Q

what test is done to determine histopathology

A

static palpation

63
Q

myopathology

A

deviation from normal muscle condition
hyperactivity or hypoactivity

64
Q

hyperactivity

A

from injury or facilitated nerve lesion resulting in spasm or contracture

65
Q

hypoactivity

A

from a compression lesion resulting in loss of tone or atrophy

66
Q

what test determines myopathology

A

static palpation

67
Q

pathophysiology

A

local or peripheral

68
Q

local pathophysiology

A

toxins damage the nerve sheath, degeneration and weakening of the disc, ligament, and joints

69
Q

peripheral pathophysiology

A

neurotoxins are carried to the end organs and create pathology. Increased inflammatory reactions, disease, infections, and system failures

70
Q

what test determines pathophysiology

A

special tests

71
Q

which fixation is usually not the most tender

A

primary

72
Q

thoracic fixations are usually primary or secondary

A

secondary

73
Q

how many segments do fixations occur between

A

two or more

Motion and Static Palpation (3 decks)

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