Test One Chapter One

Question 1

what did miller and urey prove experimentally and why was that important?

Answer 1

many organic compounds could be created by recreating early earth’s atmosphere

Question 2

what activities can lead to a mutation

Answer 2

change in a base pair, inversion, deletion and insertion

Question 3

do all great discoveries follow the formal scientific method

Answer 3

no

Question 4

what molecule was successfully generated when adding hydrogen cyanide to early atmosphere

Answer 4

adenine

Question 5

what is LUCA and what characteristics did LUCA likely have?

Answer 5

last universal common ancestor and probably had simple metabolism and form of transcriptional machinery to replicate their RNA genome

Question 6

what are the lines of evidence that support the idea that the earliest organisms may have been RNA based?

Answer 6

RNA enzymes could catalyze reactions needed to synthesize the molecules required for life from simpler molecules, can duplicate RNA, ribozymes are made of RNA and not protein and can catalyze themselves, virus contain genetic info, uracil is precursor to thymine, splicesome take out introns in mRNA transcript, RNA self replicates

Question 7

what are the requirements of a living system

Answer 7

raw materials, energy, envelope (membrane), catalysis, biological info

Question 8

what is the biological info that is required of a living system

Answer 8

how enzymes are transmitted, possible changes in genes

Question 9

what events can result in a mutation

Answer 9

DNA replication, DNA damage, recombination, and transposition

Question 10

RNA to DNA

Answer 10

reverse transcription

Question 11

what is molecular biology

Answer 11

the study of essential cellular macromolecules, including DNA, RNA and proteins, and the biological pathways between them.

Question 12

which pathways are regulated

Answer 12

transcription, translation, replication, and reverse transcription

Question 13

RNA to protein

Answer 13

translation

Question 14

why is the study of evolution linked to molecular biology or in other words how does molecular biology play a role in evolution?

Answer 14

plays a role with genetics, genetic mutations lead to variations within a population, small changes in population

Question 15

what are the two tenets that must be present for natural selection to occur

Answer 15

variation and competition

Question 16

DNA to more DNA

Answer 16

replication

Question 17

RNA to RNA

Answer 17

RNA replication

Question 18

where do living systems get their energy

Answer 18

sun and energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 19

which conversions occur via viruses that further changed our understanding of how information flows between DNA, RNA and proteins

Answer 19

use RNA replication and reverse transcription

Question 20

heritable changes in an organisms genomic information drives

Answer 20

evolution

Question 21

what is charles darwin credited with

Answer 21

evolution

Question 22

DNA to RNA

Answer 22

transcription

Question 23

what is special about the envelope of a living system

Answer 23

selective permeable barrrier