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test one Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

monophonic

A

single melodic line ; no accompaniment

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2
Q

homophonic

A

melody with accompaniment

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3
Q

polyphonic

A

2 or more melodies are played or sung at the same time

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4
Q

vocal parts

A

soprano
alto
tenor
bass

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5
Q

strings family

A

violin
viola
cello
double bass

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6
Q

imitative polyphony

A

lines sounding together using the same melody

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7
Q

non-imitative polyphony

A

melodies different from one another

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8
Q

arco

A

to use the bow

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9
Q

pizzicato

A

to pluck the string

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10
Q

double stop

A

two strings played at the same time

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11
Q

mute

A

changes sound of the instrument

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12
Q

woodwind family

A 
Single reed:
piccolo
flutes
clarinet
double reeds:
oboe
english horn
bassoon
contrabassoon
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13
Q

piccolo

A

smallest instrument; highest pitch

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14
Q

pitch

A

frequency- low and high

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15
Q

noises

A

unfocused vibrations; do not have a pitch

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16
Q

brass family

A

trumpet
french horn
trombone
tuba

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17
Q

percussion family

A

unpitched: tambourine, cymbals, triangle, snare drum
pitched: timpani, chimes, xylophone, marimba

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18
Q

keyboard instruments

A

harpsichord
piano
organ

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19
Q

earliest keyboard instrument

A

organ

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20
Q

pp- pianissimo

A

very soft

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21
Q

p- piano

A

soft

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22
Q

mp- mezzo piano

A

medium soft

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23
Q

mf- mezzo forte

A

medium loud

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24
Q

f -forte

A

loud

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25
Q

not part the the orchestra; using in jazz ensembles; brass

A

saxophone

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26
Q

ff- fortissimo

A

very loud

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27
Q

dynamics

A

volume of sound; ranges from very soft to very loud; composers often use Italian terms/ abbreviations to designate volume

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28
Q

what makes instruments/ voices sound different, even when they perform the same notes

A

timbre

29
Q

timbre changes with what?

A

vibrato or a mute

30
Q

what length to play a pitch or what length to be silent

A

duration

31
Q

referring to duration: what pitch to play and how long to play it

A

notes

32
Q

referring to duration: silences in music

A

rests

33
Q

ordering of music through time

A

rhythm

34
Q

beat

A

basic unit for measuring time in music

35
Q

meter

A

underlying pattern of beats that maintains itself consistently throughout a work

36
Q

beats grouped in 3’s (long- short- short or strong- weak-weak)

A

Triple meter

37
Q

beats grouped in 2’s (long- short or strong- weak)

A

duple meter

38
Q

measure

A

each unit of beats in a meter; number and duration of notes within each unite can vary

39
Q

Accent

A

the stressing of a note

40
Q

syncopation

A

the accents fall where they normally wouldn’t

41
Q

melody

A

the tune; a single line of notes heard in succession as a coherent unit

42
Q

contour

A

upward or downward movement or both

43
Q

stepwise(=conjunct) vs. leaps (disjunct); usually a combination of both, but one predominates

A

melodic motion

44
Q

points of arrival/ rest; like the periods in sentences

A

cadences

45
Q

breaths correspond to the ends of

A

phrases (poetry and music)

46
Q

tempo

A

the speed of the music; terms are in italian

47
Q

staff

A

5 lines, 4 spaces

48
Q

used by higher pitched instruments

A

treble clef

49
Q

bass clef

A

used by lower pitched instruments

50
Q

grand staff

A

treble and bass clef together used by the piano

51
Q

small lines that extend the staff higher or lower

A

ledger lines

52
Q

flat

A

lowers the pitch a half step

53
Q

sharp

A

raises the pitch a half step

54
Q

natural

A

cancels out a sharp or a flat previous on the note

55
Q

how the music is to be counted. two numbers written like a fraction; top number tells the meter; bottom number tells what note gets the beat

A

time signature

56
Q

scale

A

pitches assembled in a collection

57
Q

diatonic scale

A

8 pitches that contain a certain order of whole and half steps. the last note is an octave

58
Q

octave

A

a duplicate pitch higher or lower

59
Q

chromatic scale

A

12 pitches that are all half steps the last pitch is an octave. represents all of the while and black keys on the piano

60
Q

half step

A

one pitch to the very next pitch. no pitches in between

61
Q

whole step

A

two half steps

62
Q

conductor

A

leader of the orchestra; responsible for rehearsing and performing

63
Q

concert master

A

the first chair violin. tunes the orchestra by asking the oboist to sound an “a” and is responsible for all bowings

64
Q

the first chair player in each section

A

principal

65
Q

bowings

A

must be standard throughout sting section and is the responsibility of the principal

66
Q

performance medium

A

a selection of a voice, instrument or ensemble by a composer for the performance of his piece

67
Q

transcription or arrangement

A

when a work has been rewritten for another medium

68
Q

chamber ensembles

A

limited to only one performer per part

range form 2-9 performers

music appreciation (15 decks)

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