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Social Studies > TEST on Module 1 and 2 > Flashcards

TEST on Module 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes the social sciences scientific?

A

The scientific method is used to the study human society which is why social sciences were considered scientific ever since the 18th century Enlightenment

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2
Q

Define Archaeology

A

the study of material remains of past ways of life

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3
Q

Define Ethnology

A

the study of the behavior of different groups of people, big or small

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4
Q

Define Ethnography

A

the study of a particular society at a particular time

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5
Q

Define Linguistics

A

the study of language

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6
Q

Define Anthropology

(3 points)

A

the study of people, the commonalities that make us al human, and the extraordinary forms in which that shared humanity can be expressed

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7
Q

Define Physical Anthropology

A

the study of evolution and physical variation

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8
Q

Define Cultural Anthropology

A

the study of human culture and its development

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9
Q

Why is Linguistics, or language, so important?

A

the handing down of information, stories, and traditions from generation to generation, whether written or spoken, is impossible without communication

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10
Q

Archaeology is the relationship between material _____

A

objects made by past people and the maker’s behavior

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11
Q

An Archaeologists deep analysis of who made and used the artifact creates a bridge between ______

A

human ways of survival and material remains

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12
Q

What are the 2 goals of Archaeology?

A
  1. obtain a chronology of the past
    1. contributes to charting individual sequences of culture change
    2. allows comparisons among culture histories in different parts of the world
  2. to learn why human culture has changed over time
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13
Q

Why is the anthropological attitude of trying to understand humanity important today?

A

calls for changes and appeals to tradition are growing louder

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14
Q

____ research is interdisciplinary as well as cross-cultural

A

anthropological

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15
Q

Define Interdisciplinary

A

relating to more than one branch of knowledge

  • used to document how and why people constrict their society in a certain way
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16
Q

Define Cross-Cultural

A

a concept that recognizes different cultures and the importance of making connections between them

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17
Q

Anthropology is also known as the study of “otherness”

List 3 reasons why

A
  1. careful accumulation and comparison of ethnographic data
  2. concerns to understand other ways
  3. critical reflection on the nature of one’s own culture
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18
Q

Define The Holistic Approach

A

a multi-faceted approach to the study of human beings and EXPERIENCE

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19
Q

Define Geography

List all 5 points

A

the study of where things are in the world, why they are there, how they are related to the location of other features, space, and place

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20
Q

Geography is considered ___ science

A

spatial

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21
Q

Why is Geography important?

A

we can anticipate future development and PLAN for them

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22
Q

Define Economics

List all 8 points

A

the study of how people choose to use their resources, labor, land, money, investment, income, production, taxes

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23
Q

What are some examples of Resources? (Economics)

A

time, land, tools, the knowledge of how to combine them to create useful products and services

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24
Q

What are some decisions people make that are of particular interest to economists?

A

How many dollars to spend, how many to save?

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25
Q

People usually use their resources to improve their _____

A

well-being

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26
Q

What are some examples of Well-Being

A

satisfaction from products, time spent in luxury with family, security provided by the gov

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27
Q

Economists seek to measure __a_, learn how __b__, and to evaluate __c__

A

a. well-being
b. well-being may INCREASE
c. the well-being of the rich and the poor

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28
Q

Economists addresses the collective behavior of ____

A

business, industries, governments, countries, THE GLOBE

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29
Q

Define Political Science

A

the study of governments, public polices, political processes, systems, political behavior

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30
Q

What is politics at its most basic level?

A

The struggle of who gets what, when, and how

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31
Q

Why do political scientists study the struggle of who gets what when and how?

A

to develop general theories about the way the world of politics work

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32
Q

Define Sociology

A

the study of social life, social change, social causes, consequences of human behavior, structure of groups, AND HOW PEOPLE INTERACT IN SOCIETIES

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33
Q

What is one word that can summarize Sociology?

A

Groups

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34
Q

Define History

A

the study of ALL human experience

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35
Q

History offers __a___

and offers ____b__

A

a. a storehouse of information about how people and societies behaved
b. the only evidential base for the analysis of how societies function

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36
Q

Why do people care about how societies functioned in the past?

A

People need to have this knowledge in order to run their own lives!

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37
Q

The past causes the _____

A

present, so the future

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38
Q

Why do we study history?

To understand HOW things change, _______

A

WHAT factors has changed, and understand why therefore prevent a bad event from happening again

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39
Q

What are the “aesthetic grounds” for studying history?

A

History as art and entertainment serves on aesthetic grounds and ON THE LEVEL OF HUMAN UNDERSTANDING

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40
Q

Why do symbols represent the outer layer of culture?

A

Symbols can EASILY be developed, changed, disappear, and be used by another culture

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41
Q

Culture is behavior through social learning or _____

A

Cultivated Behavior `

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42
Q

What role do heroes play in a culture?

A

Model for behavior

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43
Q

The essential core of culture consists of ____

A

traditional ideas and attached values

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44
Q

Why are values so hard to study?

A

Many values remain unconscious to those who hold them therefore cannot be discussed or observed

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45
Q

Define Cultural Relativism

A

the anthropological attitude that a society’s ideas should be understood in the context of that societies problems

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46
Q

Tendency toward negative evaluation of a culture results from ______

(Cultural Relativism)

A

Ethnocentrism

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47
Q

Tendency toward positive evaluation of a culture takes the form of _____

(Cultural Relativism)

A

a naive yearning for the simple life of a Noble Savage

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48
Q

Define Noble Savage

A

Someone from a primitive culture that is supposedly corrupted by contact with society

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49
Q

A noble savage is real!

True or False

A

False, The Noble Savage is thought to be a MYTH that is outdated and wrong and RACIST

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50
Q

Why is the Noble Savage considered racist

A

believing that people in primitive cultures lived in harmony with nature and with each, viewed as “naturally good” is racist.

51
Q

Define ethnocentrism

A

the evaluation of other cultures based on one’s own which causes misunderstanding and distortion in communication between human beings

52
Q

What are the three general sources of influence or pressure that facilitates or hinder change?

A
  1. Forces at work within a society
  2. Contact between societies
  3. Changes in the natural environment
53
Q

Processes leading to change include ___

(2)

A

Inventions and Culture Loss

54
Q

List examples of Technological inventions

A

new tools, energy sources, transportation methods

55
Q

List examples of Ideological Inventions

A

algebra, creation of a representative parliament

56
Q

Define Culture Loss

A

old patterns being replaced by new ones

57
Q

Define Cultural Diffusion

A

The movement of things and ideas from one culture to another

The form of trait moves, not the original culture meaning

58
Q

Define Acculturation

A

What happens to an entire culture when alien traits diffuse in on a large scale and substantially replace traditional culture patterns

59
Q

Define Transculturation

A

What happens when an individual moves to another society and adopts its culture

60
Q

What happens to an immigrant when they are “assimilated”

A

They have successfully learned the language and accepted that culture’s patterns and ideas

61
Q

What results from Ethnocentrism?

A

People think of all alien ideas as immoral therefore rejects them

62
Q

Define stimulus diffusion

A

A genuine invention that is sparked by an idea from another culture

63
Q

Processes leading to change BETWEEN SOCIETIES

A
  • diffusion
  • acculturation
  • transculturation
64
Q

Processes leading to change within and between a society

A

STIMULUS DIFFUSION

65
Q

Processes resulting in RESISTANCE to change within a society

A
  • habit
  • integration of existing culture ideas
66
Q

Processes resulting in resistance to change between societies

A

ingroup-outgroup dynamics

67
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

Tells us about events as they occur

A

History

68
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

Democracy, legislature, monarchy, and dictatorship

A

Political Science

69
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

To learn the “What is and how it came to be of human relationships”

A

Sociology

70
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

The Inuit of North America live in a very cold climate

A

Geography

71
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

The search for the necessities of life

A

Economics

72
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

Improving the standard of living for the people

A

Economics

73
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

To secure rights, one must also have responsibilities

A

Political Science

74
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

Today there are no pure races

A

Anthropology

75
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

A study of our natural surroundings and environment

A

Geography

76
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

The different ways of people have lived in the past and present

A

Anthropology

77
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

A comparison of regions

A

Geography

78
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

A comparison of religions

A

Anthropology

79
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

The past tends to influence the present

A

History

80
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

River valleys have high population densities

A

Geography

81
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

Freedom has its limitations

A

Political Science

82
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

The study of the physical characteristics of race

A

Anthropology

83
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

The recent fluctuations of the stock market

A

Economics

84
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

The President’s actions have caused quite a stir on Capitol Hill

A

Political Science

85
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

The mating rituals among the Wodaabe people of Niger

A

Anthropology

86
Q

Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Political Science, Sociology

Crime, divorce, poverty, and the dynamics between races

A

Sociology

87
Q

I am fascinated by the ways people use their resources. I am interested in how societies provide the largest amount of goods and services to all people. Who am I?

A

Economist

88
Q

I spend a lot of time doing research in libraries and archives. I am always looking for new records of what has happened to people. Who am I?

A

Historian

89
Q

I like to look at the ways people live. Sometimes I go to a different country and live among the people to experience their lifestyle firsthand. Who am I?

A

Anthropologist

90
Q

I have to spend much time analyzing the results of courts decision. Power is also an important subject of mine. Who has it and who wants it are the among the questions I ask. Who am I?

A

Political Scientist

91
Q

The relationships between people and groups of people dominate my interest. Family, religious, and ethnic relations are studied with careful observation and statistical analysis. Who am I?

A

Sociologist

92
Q

The environment and climate are two of the aspects of my discipline. I attempt to define a place by its location and character. Who am I?

A

Geographer

93
Q

What tools of globalization did the terrorists use to attack?

A

Internet - to broadcast their news

Airplanes - hijacked and drove it straight into the twin towers

94
Q

Define Interdependence

A

two or more things relying on each other

95
Q

Define Non-zero sum

A

a game where both people can win and both people can lose

96
Q

What does Wright suggest is one way to protect economic interdependence?

A

Expanding governance

  • Keeping vast trade routes secure
  • Forming non-state related strong groups that can maintain control
97
Q

How might globalization affect the appeal of radical Islam?

A

Dampening it

98
Q

What does Wright suggest in the third variable in the age old struggle between liberty and security?

A

Antipathy

99
Q

Define Liberalism

A

a political and economic philosophy based on the rights of an individual

100
Q

What happened as a result of the Cold War?

A

Supporters of the US, Soviet Union, and the neutral all surrendered to a new regional relationship in which middle powers showed increase influence

101
Q

Define Middle Powers

A

Countries with significant economic influence to their neighbors or broader trade network that became increasingly assertive

102
Q

Middle Power of Europe

A

France and Germany

103
Q

Middle Power of South America

A

Brazil

104
Q

Middle Powers of Africa

A

Nigeria, South Africa

105
Q

Middle Powers of Asia

A

China, India, Japan

106
Q

What was often at the heart of the civil wars?

A

Rivalries between ethnic groups

107
Q

Which countries are the acknowledged nuclear power?

A

China, India, Pakistan, France, United Kingdom, Russia, United States

108
Q

Which country is assumed to posses a nuclear arsenal?

A

Israel

109
Q

Define militants

A

Aggressive and stubborn believers of religion in the Middle East and Africa that pursued their causes in the US and Europe

110
Q

Who was the leader of al-Qaeda?

A

Osama bin Laden

111
Q

Military and political vacuum left by the Soviet Union is filled by a Islamic movement called _____

A

The Taliban

112
Q

The Taliban imposed harsh restrictions on women and provided _____

A

a haven for a terrorist organization called the al-Qaeda

113
Q

Define Nexus

A

a connected group, the central most important point or place

114
Q

Define Choke Point

A

a narrow route providing passage through or to another region

115
Q

The Indian Ocean flows into two of the greatest choke points, _____ and ______

A

the Red Sea and the Strait of Malacca

116
Q

What has contributed to the explosion of Indian Ocean commerce

A

MUTUAL NEEDS

117
Q

What does CHIMEA stand for

A

China, India, the Middle East, Africa

118
Q

What has contributed to the rising number of transnational corporation from developing countries?

A

the acceleration of economic growth in China and India + the surge in energy prices that followed the onset of the Iraq war

119
Q

Where have the Arab countries been making their investments?

A

Asia, especially into predominately Muslim countries

120
Q

Arab capital is invested in ____

(4)

A
  1. development of banks
  2. mobile telephony
  3. property
  4. energy sector
121
Q

China’s commitment is dwarfed by that of India’s

True or False

A

False

122
Q

What has contributed to Africa’s new growth and why?

A

the mobile phone industry because it helps small farmers and have cut the need for costly time -consuming travel

123
Q

What are several constraints on Africa’s growth?

(4)

A
  1. HIV plague
  2. poor governance
  3. lack of education
  4. climate change
124
Q

Commercial highways can easily become ____

A

battlefields

Social Studies (3 decks)

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