Test of Relationships Flashcards
A test of relationships used to predict an outcome is called _________?
Regressions
Why is the ability to predict outcomes critical?
for effective clinical decision making.
What is the parametric test used if you want to find a relationship between two variables?
Pearson Product Moment Correlations test
What is the nonparametric test used if you want to find a relationship between two variables?
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient test
If looking into a relationship among three or more variables what test needs to be used?
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC)
What is the parametric test used if your trying to predict outcome Y based on the known factor X?
Linear Regression test
What nonparametric test is used if you want to know the probability of an event occurring based on a known factor?
Logistic (Cox) Regression test
If wanting to know the relationship between variables what kind of test will you be using?
correlation tests
You notice a research article is trying to predict an outcome, you already know they need to use a ________ test.
regressions
What is the parametric test used if your trying to predict an outcome based on the value of 2 or more known factors?
Multiple Linear Regression test
What nonparametric test is used if you want to know the probability of an event occurring based on 2 or more known factors?
Multiple Logistic Regression test
What test is a measure of association, used to analyze frequency or proportions?
Chi Square Goodness of Fit test
What test is used to determine how well your collected data (observed from your study) fits the normative data (estimated) from a population?
Chi Square Goodness of Fit test
The _______er the Chi Square value the better
larger
What test is used when looking for an association based on the proportion of individuals in each category?
Chi Square test of Independence
What is indicated when the results of a Chi Square test of Independence are significant?
the variables are NOT independent; therefore have an association
The Chi Square test of Independence is typically used with what type of data?
Nominal data
The Chi Square Goodness of Fit test is typically used with what type of data?
Nominal data
Will the outcome be SIGNIFICANT or NOT-SIGNIFICANT when using the Chi Square test of Independence if there is an association between variables?
significant; this means the results indicate the variables are not-independent of each other and therefore have an association.
What does it mean if your Chi Square test of Independence is NOT SIGNIFICANT?
means the variables are independent of each other; therefore have NO association with each other.
Where does “Expected” data come from?
a known distribution (example: 40% of population has Type A blood)
a uniform distribution (example: 50-50)
A correlation does NOT imply ________?
causation
What is “rho” and what does it mean?
rho = p; it is the same thing as the “r” value; a measure of strength
What test reflects both the degree of agreement and correlation?
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC)
What does “r^2” represent?
the strength of the prediction
What does the “r” represent?
the strength of the relationship
What is a step-wise regression?
when variables can be added or removed one at a time. (class example: 6 min walk test after TKA in notes)
If you want to predict something with given nominal/category data what tests can be used?
Logistic (Cox) Regressions test or
Multiple Logistic Regression test (if you have 2 or more known factors)
Your clinic statistics reveal that 80% of Jon’s returning lumbrosacral treatments are females (and smoking’ hot) thus you decide to investigate how Jon’s percentage of returning female clients for lumbrsacral treatments compares to that of the other males in your clinic. What test do you need to use?
Chi Square test of Independence test
Your find the national average for females returning to male PT’s after lumbrosacral treatments is 50%. You want to investigate how well your male PT’s stack up (observed data) vs the national average (expected data), what test do you need to use?
Chi Square Goodness of Fit test
Jon has noticed when he provides a nod, wink, and smile to each patient at his private female-only treatment center that his business profits skyrocket. He tested this with his 8 patients today and his profits increase. 1. What test did he use? 2. what does the rho = 0.89 mean?
- Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient test
2. rho - value is basically the “r” value; a measure of strength; 0.89 means his study has a strong positive correlation
What was Jon’s study question from the nod, wink, smile example?
Does Jon’s nod, wink, smile correlate with skyrocketing profits?
When is the Shapiro-Wilk test used?
Used to determine if the data is normally distributed or not.
If the Shapiro-Wilk test results are NOT significant, what does it mean?
data is a normal distribution; use parametric tests
If the Shapiro-Wilk test results are significant, what does it mean?
data has a skewed distribution; use nonparametric test
