Test of Relationships

Question 1

A test of relationships used to predict an outcome is called _________?

Answer 1

Regressions

Question 2

Why is the ability to predict outcomes critical?

Answer 2

for effective clinical decision making.

Question 3

What is the parametric test used if you want to find a relationship between two variables?

Answer 3

Pearson Product Moment Correlations test

Question 4

What is the nonparametric test used if you want to find a relationship between two variables?

Answer 4

Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient test

Question 5

If looking into a relationship among three or more variables what test needs to be used?

Answer 5

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC)

Question 6

What is the parametric test used if your trying to predict outcome Y based on the known factor X?

Answer 6

Linear Regression test

Question 7

What nonparametric test is used if you want to know the probability of an event occurring based on a known factor?

Answer 7

Logistic (Cox) Regression test

Question 8

If wanting to know the relationship between variables what kind of test will you be using?

Answer 8

correlation tests

Question 9

You notice a research article is trying to predict an outcome, you already know they need to use a ________ test.

Answer 9

regressions

Question 10

What is the parametric test used if your trying to predict an outcome based on the value of 2 or more known factors?

Answer 10

Multiple Linear Regression test

Question 11

What nonparametric test is used if you want to know the probability of an event occurring based on 2 or more known factors?

Answer 11

Multiple Logistic Regression test

Question 12

What test is a measure of association, used to analyze frequency or proportions?

Answer 12

Chi Square Goodness of Fit test

Question 13

What test is used to determine how well your collected data (observed from your study) fits the normative data (estimated) from a population?

Answer 13

Chi Square Goodness of Fit test

Question 14

The _______er the Chi Square value the better

Answer 14

larger

Question 15

What test is used when looking for an association based on the proportion of individuals in each category?

Answer 15

Chi Square test of Independence

Question 16

What is indicated when the results of a Chi Square test of Independence are significant?

Answer 16

the variables are NOT independent; therefore have an association

Question 17

The Chi Square test of Independence is typically used with what type of data?

Answer 17

Nominal data

Question 18

The Chi Square Goodness of Fit test is typically used with what type of data?

Answer 18

Nominal data

Question 19

Will the outcome be SIGNIFICANT or NOT-SIGNIFICANT when using the Chi Square test of Independence if there is an association between variables?

Answer 19

significant; this means the results indicate the variables are not-independent of each other and therefore have an association.

Question 20

What does it mean if your Chi Square test of Independence is NOT SIGNIFICANT?

Answer 20

means the variables are independent of each other; therefore have NO association with each other.

Question 21

Where does “Expected” data come from?

Answer 21

a known distribution (example: 40% of population has Type A blood)
a uniform distribution (example: 50-50)

Question 22

A correlation does NOT imply ________?

Answer 22

causation

Question 23

What is “rho” and what does it mean?

Answer 23

rho = p; it is the same thing as the “r” value; a measure of strength

Question 24

What test reflects both the degree of agreement and correlation?

Answer 24

Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC)

Question 25

What does “r^2” represent?

Answer 25

the strength of the prediction

Question 26

What does the “r” represent?

Answer 26

the strength of the relationship

Question 27

What is a step-wise regression?

Answer 27

when variables can be added or removed one at a time. (class example: 6 min walk test after TKA in notes)

Question 28

If you want to predict something with given nominal/category data what tests can be used?

Answer 28

Logistic (Cox) Regressions test or

Multiple Logistic Regression test (if you have 2 or more known factors)

Question 29

Your clinic statistics reveal that 80% of Jon’s returning lumbrosacral treatments are females (and smoking’ hot) thus you decide to investigate how Jon’s percentage of returning female clients for lumbrsacral treatments compares to that of the other males in your clinic. What test do you need to use?

Answer 29

Chi Square test of Independence test

Question 30

Your find the national average for females returning to male PT’s after lumbrosacral treatments is 50%. You want to investigate how well your male PT’s stack up (observed data) vs the national average (expected data), what test do you need to use?

Answer 30

Chi Square Goodness of Fit test

Question 31

Jon has noticed when he provides a nod, wink, and smile to each patient at his private female-only treatment center that his business profits skyrocket. He tested this with his 8 patients today and his profits increase. 1. What test did he use? 2. what does the rho = 0.89 mean?

Answer 31

1. Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient test

2. rho - value is basically the “r” value; a measure of strength; 0.89 means his study has a strong positive correlation

Question 32

What was Jon’s study question from the nod, wink, smile example?

Answer 32

Does Jon’s nod, wink, smile correlate with skyrocketing profits?

Question 33

When is the Shapiro-Wilk test used?

Answer 33

Used to determine if the data is normally distributed or not.

Question 34

If the Shapiro-Wilk test results are NOT significant, what does it mean?

Answer 34

data is a normal distribution; use parametric tests

Question 35

If the Shapiro-Wilk test results are significant, what does it mean?

Answer 35

data has a skewed distribution; use nonparametric test