Test march 2014 Flashcards
The four principles of the sociocultural level of analysis
- Human beings are social animals and we have a basic need to ‘belong’.
- Culture influences behaviour.
- Because humans are social animals, they have a social self.
- People’s view of the world are resistant to change.
Research methods at the sociocultural level of analysis
- Qualitative researchs, naturalistic
- Much of the research is done in the environments in which the behaviour is most likely to take place. * Participant observation
- Interviews
- Focus groups in order to collect data to develop and support a theory
- Covert observations
Attribution
how people interpret and explain casual relationships in the social world.
Actor-observer effect
people tend to make an attribution about behaviour depending on whether they are performing it themselves or observing somebody else doing it.
Situational factors
when people discuss their own behaviour, they tend to attribute to situational factors, that has something to do with external factors.
Dispositional factors
something to do with personal factors
The fundamental attribution error
when people overestimate the role of dispositional factors in an individual’s behaviour, and underestimate the situational factors.
Self-serving bias
when people take credit for their success, attributing them to dispositional factors, and dissociate themselves from their failures
Modesty bias
Explaining your successes in terms of situational factors.
i.e.: Boss + Workers: in Asia: workers think they do bad but the boss says they are good, in Western countries: workers tend to say they are good but boss says they are not.
Social identity theory
individuals strive to improve their self-image by trying to enhance their self-esteem, based on either personal identity or various social identities.
Social categorization
the process by which people are grouped into categories for easy recognition, differentiation, and understanding.
In and out groups
ingroup = us, outgroup = them
Social representations
shared beliefs and explanations held by the society in which we live or the group to which we belong.
Social cognition
they help us to make sense of our world and to master it, they also enable communication to take place among members of a community, by providing them with a code for social exchange and a code for naming and classifying unambiguously the various aspects of their world and their individual and group history.
Stereotypes
defined as a social perception of an individual in terms of group membership or physical attributes.
