Chapter 2

Question 1

bidirectional

Answer 1

biology can affect cognition and cognition can affect biology

Question 2

3 principles about human behaviour

Answer 2

• behaviour can be innate because it is genetically based.
• animal research can provide insight into human behaviour; as a result, a significant amount of research is undertaken using animals.
• there are biological correlates of behaviour, it should be possible to find a link between a specific biological factor

Question 3

micro-level of research

Answer 3

biological researchers adopt a reductionist approach to the study of human behaviour

Question 4

neurons

Answer 4

nerve cells

Question 5

The neurons send

Answer 5

electrochemical messages to the brain so that people can respond to stimuli

Question 6

the method by which messages are sent is called

Answer 6

neurotransmission

Question 7

When an electrical impulse travels down the body, or axon, of the neuron, it releases

Answer 7

neurotransmitters which then cross the gap between two neurons. the gap is called synapse

Question 8

where are neurotransmitters stored?

Answer 8

in the neurons terminal buttons

Question 9

acetylcholine

Answer 9

muscle contraction, and a role in the development of memory in the hippocampus

Question 10

dopamine

Answer 10

voluntary movement, learning, and feelings of pleasure

Question 11

norepinephrine (noradrenalin)

Answer 11

arouslal, alertness, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

serotonin

Answer 12

sleep, arousal levels, and emotion

Question 13

Adrenaline

Answer 13

adrenals, flight or fight response, arousal

Question 14

Cortisol

Answer 14

adrenals, stress hormone, memory

Question 15

melatonin

Answer 15

pineal, regulation of sleep

Question 16

oxytocin

Answer 16

pituitary and hypothalamus, mother-child attachment

Question 17

testosterone and oestrogen

Answer 17

gonads, development and emotion