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History 132 > Test III > Flashcards

Test III Flashcards

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1
Q

Camillo Cavour

A

Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont

  • created nationalist society
  • promoted economic advances
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2
Q

Napoleon III

A

Leader of France 1851-1870

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3
Q

Guiseppe Garibaldi

A

Leader of Red Shirt movement

  • Preferred violent methods
  • Invasion of Sicily & S. Italy
  • Forces halted outside Rome
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4
Q

Guiseppe Mazinni

A

Founder of Young Italy Society

-Preferred peaceful methods

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5
Q

Richard Arkwright

A

Inventor of the Water Frame (1770)

  • Spun multiple spools at once
  • Cotton output soared
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6
Q

James Watt

A

Inventor of Modern Steam Engine

  • Separated condenser from piston & cylinder
  • Can now be used for manufacturing
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7
Q

Wilhelm I

A

King of Prussia

  • Increased taxes & army
  • Appointed Otto von Bismarck
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8
Q

Karl Marx

A 
"From each according to his ability, to each according to his need"
Authored Communist Manifesto- class struggle over the means of production & Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat
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9
Q

Friedrich Engles

A

Co-authored many works with Marx

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10
Q

German Social Democrats

A

Banned by Bismarck

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11
Q

Edward Bernstein

A

Evolutionary Socialism- radical socialism is wrong

English Labour Party came about on these principals

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12
Q

George Stephenson

A

Inventor of the Locomotive

  • social effects: increased mobility & urban workers
  • economic effects: increase in capital goods investment
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13
Q

Division of Labor for Women (Industrial Revolution)

A

Women

  • Administrative, retail, schoolteachers, garment workers, domestic workers, and prostitution
  • Cult of Domesticity
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14
Q

Typical Jobs & Hobbies for Middle Class (Industrial Revolution)

A

Occupations-
Upper: owned businesses & banks
Middle: entrepreneurs & professionals
Lower: secretaries, retail clerks, bureaucrats
Hobbies-
Dinner parties with servants & formal clothing

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15
Q

Typical Jobs & Hobbies for Working Class (Industrial Revolution)

A 
(75-85% of population)
Occupations-
High: foreman & skilled artisans
Semi: carpenter & bricklayer
Unskilled: vendor & domestic servant
Hobbies-
Alcohol, sports, & tavern music
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16
Q

Alexander II

A

Leader of Russia

  • Legal Reform: communal peasant rule & education reform
  • Assassinated by territorial revolutionaries (carriage)
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17
Q

Alexander I

A

Abolished Serfdom

18
Q

Textile Mills

A

First Factories

-Possible as a result of industrialization & steam engine

18
Q

Decembrists’ Revolt

A

Confusion over successor

  • Czar Alexander I dies
  • Constantine refuses throne
  • Nicholas becomes successor
  • Army Officer’s refuse to serve “illegitimate” ruler (unaware of Constantine refusing the throne)
19
Q

Henry Cort

A

Improved iron smelting technique

20
Q

The Dual Monarchy in Austria-Hungary

A

Franz Joseph- Emperor

  • United in finance, defense, & foreign affairs
  • Conflict when Hungarians promote Magyar dominance (results in nationalism amongst factions)
21
Q

The Number 1 Industrial Power

A

Great Britain

  • Strongest maritime power
  • British establish trade empire over Dutch & French
  • Deposits of coal & iron
  • Stable government
  • Free trade
22
Q

The Number 1 Industrialized Power- 1850+

A

Germany

23
Q

Russo-Japanese War- 1904-1905

A
  • Japanese surprise attack on Port Arthur
  • Both Russia’s Asian & European Fleet are destroyed
  • Russia is defeated
24
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov
Member of Russian Social Democratic Party
Leader of Bolsheviks after split

25
Q

Houston Stewart Chamberlain

A

Authored Foundations of the Nineteenth Century

-Jews are the major enemy of European racial regeneration

26
Q

Arthur de Gobineau

A

Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races

-Scientific Racism

27
Q

Louis Philippe

A

Appointed King of France after Popular Revolt

28
Q

Charles X

A

Former count of Artois (led émigrés)

-becomes king after Louis 18 dies

29
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Authored Essay on the Principle of Population

-Population explosion- dangers of population/food imbalance

30
Q

David Ricardo

A

Authored Principles of Political Economy

-The Iron Law of Wages- wages tend to subsistence level

31
Q

Great Reform Act

A

Redrawing of Voter Districts

-Promoted by Whigs in House of Commons

32
Q

William Gladstone

A

Introduced civil service exams (to GB) and secret ballots

33
Q

Benjamin Disraeli

A

Prime Minister of Great Britain

-Second Reform Act- expanded number of eligible voters

34
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Authored The Origin of the Species- 1859
-The Theory of Natural Selection & survival of the fittest
Authored The Descent of Man- 1871
-Human beings’ moral & religious sentiments evolved for survival

35
Q

Friedrich Nietzsche

A 
Authored Thus Spake Zarathustra
-Attacked Christianity & democracy
-Übermensch- great warriors that stood out from "the sheep"
-"God is dead"
Authored Beyond Good & Evil
-Good & Evil are social constructs
Authored The Genealogy of Morals
-Rejected Christian & middle-class values
36
Q

The Crimean War

A

Russia vs. Ottoman Turks, GB, & France

  • Russia invades Danubian principalities (Romania)- 1853
  • British & French land on Crimea
  • Bloody trench warfare
  • Paris Peace Conference- 1856
37
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

Prussian Statesman
Kulturkampf- culture struggle
Fired in 1890 by Wilhelm II

38
Q

al-Afghani

A

Promoted Pan-Islamism

-Unity of Muslim world against Western powers

39
Q

Qasim Amin

A

The Liberation of Women- 1899

40
Q

Muhammad Abduh

A

Integrated Islam & modern education

41
Q

The Decline of the Ottoman Empire

A

Russian aggression & Ottoman internal weakness- 18th century
Serbia’s local control- 1816
Greek independence- 1830
French take Algeria- 1830’s
Lack of well-trained, trustworthy officials

History 132 (2 decks)

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