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AS level chemistry > Test For Ions/Atoms > Flashcards

Test For Ions/Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

Lithium in the flame test.

A

Crimson

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2
Q

Sodium.

A

Yellow/orange.

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3
Q

Potassium

A

Lilac (pink through cobalt glass)

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4
Q

Calcium

A

Brick red

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5
Q

Barium

A

Apple green

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6
Q

Copper

A

Green-blue

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7
Q

What is the test for ammonium?

A

Warm with a solution of sodium hydroxide. A pungent smell will be observed.
This is due to the ammonium reacting with the OH ions, water and ammonia is formed.

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8
Q

What is the test for sulphate ions?

A

Make a solution and add a solution of barium chloride or barium nitrate, a white precipitate will be formed.

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9
Q

How do you perform the test for halide ions?

A

Make a solution in dilute nitric acid and add silver nitrate solution.

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10
Q

Chloride.

A

White precipitate, soluble in dilute ammonia solution.

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11
Q

Bromide

A

Cream precipitate, soluble in concentrated ammonia solution.

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12
Q

Iodide.

A

Yellow precipitate, insoluble in concentrated concentrated ammonia solution.

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13
Q

What is the test for carbonate ions?

A

Add dilute acid to form colourless gas which turns limewater milky.

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14
Q

What is the test for iodine?

A

Add a few drops of starch solution, the solution will turn blue-black.

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15
Q

Hydrogen.

A

Gives a pop with a burning splint.

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16
Q

Oxygen

A

Relight a glowing splint.

17
Q

Chlorine

A

Bleaches damp litmus/Universal indicator.

18
Q

Carbon dioxide.

A

Bubble through limewater, limewater turns milky.

19
Q

Hydrochloric acid.

A

White fumes produced when a glass rod is dipped in concentrated ammonia.

20
Q

Ammonia.

A

White fumes produced when glass rod is dipped in concentrated hydrochloric acid

21
Q

What molecule is present if there is a colourless liquid with alcohol smell?

A

Possibly an alcohol

22
Q

What is produced when a colourless liquid with a sharp irritating smell is produced?

A

Possibly a carboxylic acid

23
Q

How do you test for carbon content?

A

Place a few drops of the liquid on a watch glass and light with a splint.

24
Q

What is produced in a low carbon content (alcohol)?

A

Non sooty/clean blue flame.

25
Q

What is produced in a high carbon content?

A

Sooty yellow/orange flame.

26
Q

How do you test for an alcohol group?

A

Phosphorus pentachloride.

27
Q

How do you carry out the test to determine the alcohol group?

A

Add a few crystals of PCl5 to a few cm3 of the liquid. Test any gas released with a glass rod dipped in concentrated ammonia solution.

28
Q

What is produced if an alcohol is present?

A

Misty fumes, solid disappears, white smoke (ammonium chloride).

29
Q

What is observed if an alcohol isn’t present?

A

No gas released, no white smoke with conc. ammonia solution.

30
Q

How do you test for a primary/secondary alcohol as opposed to a tertiary?

A

Mix a few cm3 of the liquid or solution with acidified potassium dichromate solution in a test tube and warm in a water bath.

31
Q

What is observed if a primary alcohol is present?

A

Orange solution changes to green, change in smell.

32
Q

What is observed if a primary alcohol is not present?

A

Solution remains orange.

AS level chemistry (7 decks)

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