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1
Q

Energy Stores

A

chemical (e.g. fuel + oxygen)
kinetic (in a moving object)
gravitational (due to the position of an object in a gravitational field)
elastic (e.g. in a stretched or compressed spring)
thermal (in a warm object)
magnetic (in two separated magnets that are attracting, or repelling)
electrostatic (in two separated electric charges that are attracting, or repelling)
nuclear (released through radioactive decay, fission or fusion)

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2
Q

How do you measure energy in foods

A

Kilojoules and joules

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3
Q

How many joules is in one gram calorie

A

1 gram calorie is equivalent to 4.186 joules

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4
Q

How do you transfer chemical energy from a coal into thermal energy

A

You burn the substance, coal (a fossil fuel).

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5
Q

Conservation law

A

Energy can’t disappear, only transfer

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6
Q

Non renewable

Renewable

A

Non-renewable resource if when a resource can not be used for then once to release energy. Eg coal, oil and gas.

Renewable resources can be used for then once to create energy like wind, tidal, waves, Biomass and Solar and wood.

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7
Q

Thermal Energy

A

The hotter the energy store the more thermal energy it has (steam train)

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8
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Anything that moves has energy in it’s kinetic energy store (busk)

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9
Q

Chemical energy

A

Anything with energy which can be realised by a chemical reaction (food)

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10
Q

Electrical energy

A

Anything that is electric has an electrical energy store (light)

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11
Q

Light energy

A

Any light has light energy in its waves there is energy

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12
Q

Magnetic energy

A

Tow magnets that attract or repel have energy in there magnetic energy store (magnetic energy)

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13
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

Any thing that can stretch has energy in its elastic potential energy store (elastic band)

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14
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Anything that can fall has gravitational potential energy (weights)

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15
Q

Electrostatic energy stores

A

This is when one energy store transfers its energy to an other energy

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16
Q

Energy transfers

A

This is when one energy store transfers its energy to an other energy store giving one energy store more energy and the other less.

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17
Q

Protein

A

Meat, fish, lentils helps you grow and repairs tissue

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18
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugar,starch,fibre = helps skin, hair brain cells…

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19
Q

Minerals

A

Iron, calcium = bones,teeth and to make blood cells

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20
Q

Fats or lipids

A

Nuts, dairy, meat = provides energy installation

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21
Q

Water

A

Helps to hydrate you

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22
Q

How do you calculate work

A

Force x distance

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23
Q

Conduction

A

Conduction is a heat source conducting (transferring) energy through out and object by particles colliding with one another as they vibrate

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24
Q

Convection?

A

Convection is the transfer of energy when a heat source condenses and rises and cooler particles replace the hotter particles as they push forward (convection current)

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25
Q

How many main nutrients that are found in food

A

There are 6

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26
Q

What are the six main nutrients

A

Protein, Carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fats and water

27
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet is when you eat all the 6 or 7 nutrients in the right amount for you.

28
Q

Vitamins

A

C is for healthy skin and gums

D for healthy and strong teeth and bones

29
Q

What do enzymes do

A

They are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of digestion and other reactions.

30
Q

Digestive enzymes…

A

Speed up the breaking down process of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids.

31
Q

Where are enzymes made

A

They are made in the pancreas

32
Q

What to Carbohydrase enzymes do

A

They break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

33
Q

What to protease enzymes do

A

They break down proteins into amino acids

34
Q

What do lipase enzymes do

A

They break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

35
Q

What food give you carbohydrates

A

Potatoes, sugar, fruit, bread, pasta and rice…

36
Q

What food give you protein

A

Fish, eggs, meat and nuts

37
Q

What food gives you lipids

A

Meat like chicken, fish and cheese

38
Q

What food gives you minerals

A

Dairy, red meat…

39
Q

What food gives you vitamins

A

fruit, vegetables

40
Q

What is fibre

A

Fibre is a type of carbohydrate that helps bulk food, it is from cereals and vegetables

41
Q

How can you test foods

A

You find there nutrient using chemical reactions

42
Q

How do you prepare a food solution

A

Crush the food using a pestle and mortar

Add a few drops of water and mix well

43
Q

What do you use to test for starch

A

You use iodine solution which is a orang- yellow liquid

44
Q

How do you test for starch?

A

Add a few drops of iodine solution

If the solution turns a dark blue-black colour, the food contains starch.

45
Q

What do you use to test for lipids

A

A piece of filter paper

46
Q

How do you test for a solid lipid

A

Rub some of the food in a solid piece of food onto a piece of filter paper.

Hold the paper up to the light. If it has gone translucent, the food contains lipids

47
Q

How do you test for a lipid solution?

A

To test for a lipid solution, use ethanol which is a colourless liquid

48
Q

What are the processes to test for starch lipid solution

A
  • Add a few drops of ethanol
  • Shake the test tube for a min
  • Pour the ethanol into a test tube of water
  • If the solution turns cloudy, the food contains lipids.
49
Q

How do you test for sugars

A

To test for simple sugars like glucose you use Benedict solution

50
Q

What are the steps to test for sugar?

A

Poor a few drops of ethanol into a test tube
Heat the test tube is a water bath
If it turns and orange-red colour it contains sugar

51
Q

How do you test for protein

A

You use copper sulphate solution and sodium hydroxide solution which is a colourless liquid.

You add a few drops of copper sulphate on your food and sodium hydroxide

If the solution turns purple it contain protein

52
Q

What happens to underweight people

A

Heart problems such as a poor immune system
Lack of energy
And a lack of minerals and vitamins

53
Q

What happens to people that are overweight?

A

Hear disease
Stroke
Diabetes
Some form of cancer

54
Q

What are vitamin and mineral deficiencies

A

If a person does not have enough of a certain mineral or vitamin then they are said to have a deficiency.

55
Q

What do you need to burn energy from food and fules

A

Oxygen

56
Q

What happens when you burn fuel in a power station

A

It produces current

57
Q

Sleeping howw much energy do you need

A

300kj

58
Q

Working how much energy do you need

A

600kj

59
Q

Why do we need energy

A

To keep our body warm, to breathe, move (muscular contraction) and talk

60
Q

What is dissipation

A

Dissipation is a term that is often used to describe ways in which energy is wasted. … Work is done against friction which causes heating of the two surfaces - so the internal (thermal) energy of the surfaces increases.

61
Q

what is energy dissipation during transfers.

A

Whenever there is a change in a system, energy is transferred and some of that energy is dissipated .

62
Q

Dissipation process

A

Dissipation. … A dissipative process is a process in which energy (internal, bulk flow kinetic, or system potential) is transformed from some initial form to some final form; the capacity of the final form to do mechanical work is less than that of the initial form.

63
Q

Example of a transfer of dissipation

A

This Sankey diagram for an electric lamp shows that most of the electrical energy is transferred as heat rather than light. Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated . It cannot be created or destroyed. This is called conservation of energy.

Science Energy (4 decks)

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