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Clinical Medicine > Test 7 Reverse > Flashcards

Test 7 Reverse Flashcards

1
Q
  1. FH2. Obesity3. Sleep apnea4. Head injury5. Femlae6. Analgesic overuse7. Caffiene
A

Risk factors Migraines

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2
Q
  1. Pulsatile, throbbing2. Unilateral3. Last hours to days4. N&V5. Photo & phonophobia6. Cutaneous allodynia
A

Common migraine S/S

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3
Q

10-30 min before HA1. Scintillating scotomas -peripheral flashing lights in periphery- pale blind spot that enlarges2. Fortification spectrum -zig zagging lines-teichopsia3. Prodrome of inc. excitability/irritability, fatigue, depression, appetite inc./cravings

A

Aura

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4
Q
  1. Affects basilar artery2. HA3. Vertigo4. Slurred speech5. Impaired coordination 6. NO MOTOR defecits
A

Basilar migraine

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5
Q
  1. Familial2. Paralysis on one side of body3. May persist for 24h w/o HA
A

Hemiplegic migraine

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6
Q
  1. HA 2. Eye pain3. Vomiting4. Ptosis
A

Ophthalmoplegic migraine

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7
Q
  1. Face, jaw & neck tenderness & swelling over carotid artery2. Older Pts3. Normal carotid on US
A

Mirgainous carotidynia

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8
Q
  1. No HA2. Vomiting3. GI pain4. Younger Pts
A

Abdominal migraine

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9
Q
  1. ONLY occur at menses
A

Catamenial migraine

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10
Q
  1. 1st or worse migraine2. New >503. Thunderclap HA4. Abnormal neuro exam5. Rapid onset w/ strenuous activity 6. HA awakens from sleep7. Meningeal signs - vomiting, AMS, personality changes, stiff neck
A

When to get CT w/ migraines

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11
Q
  1. Excedrin migraine & NSAIDS2. TriptansDihydroergotamine
A

Tx migraine

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12
Q
  1. Reglan2. Compazine3. Atarax4. Phenergan
A

Antinausea for migraines

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13
Q

Overuse of meds >10days/mo1. Acetaminophen2. Narcotics3. ASA4. NSAIDS5. Ergot alkaloids6. Triptans If overusing triptans, stop & use steroids

A

When do you get rebound HAs & what causes them?

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14
Q
  1. > 2 HAs/wk2. Severe3. Duration >2 daysContinue for 2-3 mo then taper/DC1. Beta blockers2. Tricyclic antidepressants3. Anti-seizure meds (Depakote, Topamax)
A

When do you start prophylactic migraine meds & what do you give?

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15
Q
  1. Men2. 20-40 yo3. FH 4. Tobacco5. Head injury6. Shift work
A

Risk factors Cluster HAs

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16
Q

Excruciating, stabbing pain, unilateral, behind eye, jaw, teeth, 15min-3h Must have 1 of:1. Lacrimation2. Ipsilateral nasal discharge3. Ipsilateral flushing/sweating4. Conjunctival redness 5. Horner’s syndrome - ptosis, miosis

A

S/S cluster HA

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17
Q
  1. Triptans2. OxygenProphylaxis:1. Verapamil2. Maybe steroids
A

Tx Cluster HAs

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18
Q

Myofascial origin1. Vice-like, gripping band HA2. Forehead-occiput bilat3. Radiates to posterior neck & trapezius 4. Lasts 30mins-7days5. No N/V, photo/phonophobia, pulsatile, not worse w/ activity

A

S/S tension HAs

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19
Q
  1. Stress/anxiety2. Depression3. Overwork4. Lack of sleep5. Posture6. Marital/family dysfunction7. Conversion 8. Malingering
A

Risk factors Tension HAs

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20
Q
  1. Exercise2. Relaxation/Counseling/Yoga3. PT/acupuncture4. NSAIDS, tylenol5. Myofascial trigger point injections6. TCAs/SSRI
A

Tx Tension HAs

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21
Q

aka idiopathic intracranial HTN1. Women 15-442. Obese women3. Accutane4. Tetracyclines5. OCs

A

Causes & Risk factors Pseudotumor cerebri

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22
Q
  1. Retro-orbital pain2. Worse w/ eye mvmt3. Throbbing4. Worse in am5. N&V6. Monocular/binocular vision loss7. Pulsatile tinnitus8. Neck pain
A

S/S pseudotumor cerebri

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23
Q
  1. Papilledema2. LP - high opening pressure
A

Dx pseudotumor cerebri

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24
Q
  1. Wt loss2. Low Na diet3. Avoid sulfa meds4. Diuretics5. Steroids maybe6. NSAIDS/TCAs7. LP8. Surgery - optic nerve decompression, CSF shunt
A

Tx pseudotumor cerebri

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25
Q
  1. Women >40 2. MS1. Washing face2. Brushing teeth3. Chewing4. Cold air
A

Risk factors & Triggers Trigeminal neuralgia

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26
Q
  1. R side more common2. Stabbing/electric shock3. Assoc w/ facial spasm4. Attacks last <2 mins, dailry/monthly
A

S/S trigeminal neuralgia

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27
Q
  1. Tegretol2. Maybe other anti-seizure meds3. Maybe baclofen, capsaicin, gamma knife, microvascular decompression
A

Tx trigeminal neuralgia

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28
Q
  1. Disorientation2. Amnesia3. Confusion - vacant state, delayed answers to questions, poor concentration
A

S/S concussion

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29
Q
  1. Ding - confusion, no LOC, sxs 15 min3. LOC
A

Grading concussions

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30
Q
  1. Eye opening2. Motor response3. Verbal responseMinor: 13-15Moderate 9-12Severe <8
A

Glasgow coma scale

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31
Q
  1. Mental status changes2. LOC >60s3. Pupillary asymmetry4. Vision changes5. Muscle/sensory deficits6. Cerebellar dysfunction - gait/ataxia, finger to nose testing
A

Red flags of concussion

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32
Q

Seizure, neuro deficit, anticoagulants1. Glasgow 60yo5. Basilar skull Fx6. Moderate pretrauma amnseia >15m7. Drug/alcohol intox8. High risk injury

A

When do you need a CT w/ concussion?

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33
Q
  1. Battles sign - mastoid process, ecchymosis2. Raccoon eyes3. Hemotympanum4. CSF leakage via nose/ears
A

S/S basilar skull Fx

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34
Q
  1. Asymptomatic & med free x24h2. Nonimpact aerobic exercise to inc. HR x24h3. Sport-specific light drills x24h4. Non-contact training drills x24h5. Full contact practice x24h6. Return to play
A

Steps to return to sports w/ concussions?

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35
Q

Bleeding btwn dura & arachnoidTearing of the Bridging veins*1. Confusion2. Slurred speech 3. HA4. Lethargy5. LOC6. N&V7. Weakness

A

S/S subdural hematoma

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36
Q

Small - burr holesLarge - craniotomy to evacuate clots

A

Tx subdural hematoma

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37
Q

Bleeding btwn dura mater & skullFrom trauma tearing of Middle meningeal artery*Biconcave lens on CT1. Initial LOC2. Then lucidTalk & die Tx - surgical evacuation, ligate bleed

A

S/S & Tx epidural hematoma

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38
Q

Bleeding into subarachnoid space - usually due to rupture of cerebral aneurysm 1. Thunderclap HA2. N&V3. Stiff neck4. Confusion5. Seizure6. Xanthochromia

A

S/S subarachnoid hemorrhage

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39
Q

Ischemic

A

What is the most common type of stroke?

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40
Q

Usually develop at branching points of arteries1. Old Black women2. HTN3. Straining4. Cocaine/amphetamines5. Blood thinners6. Alochol

A

Risk factors of aneurysm

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41
Q

Anterior communicating artery

A

What is the most common site of aneurysm?

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42
Q
  1. Lower BP2. Monitor cardiac dysrhythmias 3. ICP monitoring4. Normothermia
A

Management goals of hemorrhagic stroke

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43
Q
  1. HTN2. Aneurysm3. AV malformation
A

Causes of hemorrhagic stroke

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44
Q
  1. Thrombotic - atherosclerosis2. Embolic - carotids & heart3. Lacular infarct
A

Causes of ischemic stroke

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45
Q
  1. HTN2. Old Fat lazy blacks3. FH4. CAD5. Smoking6. Hypercholesterolemia/triglycerides7. Aortic arch plaque8. Migraine w/ aura in women >35 that smoke &/or use OCs
A

Risk factors of ischemic stroke

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46
Q

Sudden onset of neuro deficit1. Speech2. Monocular blindness3. Hemiparesis4. Amaurosis fugax Sx resolve w/in 24h

A

S/S TIA

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47
Q

50%Dx w/ ultrasoud or MRA Angiography Gold std but invasive

A

How much of the carotid is occluded if you can hear a bruit?

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48
Q

Occlusion commonly affecting caudate, thalamus & putamen

A

What are lacunar infarcts?

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49
Q
  1. Confusion2. Amnesia3. Personality change4. Cognitive changes 5. Contralateral hemiparesis6. Contralateral sensory impairment7. If left = expressive aphasia8. Eyes deviate toward affected side
A

S/S Anterior cerebral artery occlusion

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50
Q

MC embolus1. Contralateral sensory/motor deficits2. Head & eyes deviate towards infarct3. Neglect to affected side4. Dysphagia5. Initially dec. muscle tone then spasticity develops6. Homonymous hemianopsia7. If L - global aphasia then Broca’s aphasia

A

S/S Middle cerebral artery occlusion

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51
Q
  1. Nystagmus2. Ataxia3. Vertigo 4. Dysphagia5. Dysarthria6. Sensory aphasia7. Alexia
A

S/S posterior circulation infarct

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52
Q

0: No stroke1-4: Minor stroke5-15: Moderate stroke16-20: Mod-severe stroke21-42: Severe stroke

A

NIH stroke scale

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53
Q
  1. >
    1. NIH stroke scale 5 or + 3. <3h since onset of Sxs
A

When do you use TPA?

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54
Q
  1. Control BP, glucose, fever2. Cerebal edema - mannitol, hyperventilationhigh risk of depression
A

Post CVA mgmt

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55
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Where is the most common site for bacterial meningitis?

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56
Q
  1. Otitis media2. Sinusitis3. PNA4. Immunocompromised
A

Where does bacterial meningitis usually come from?

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57
Q

Infants - Group B beta-hemolytic strep & enteric gram - bacilliKids - H. flu, N. meningitidis, S. PNAAdults1. Strep pneumo2. N. Meningitidis3. StaphOld people - S. pneumo, E. coli, Klebsiella, listeria

A

Organisms of bacterial meningitis

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58
Q
  1. HA2. Stiff neck 3. Fever4. Photophobia 5. Kernig’s sign6. Brudzinski’s sign 7. Skin rash w/ N. meningococcal (petechial)
A

S/S Bacterial meningitis

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59
Q
  1. Vanco + Ceftriaxone 2. Dexamethasone (steroid)If >50 Add ampicillin
A

Tx bacterial meningitis

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60
Q
  1. Cerebral edema2. Vasculitis3. Inc. ICP4. Hydrocephalus5. Seizures6. DIC
A

Complications of bacterial menigitis

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61
Q
  1. Rifampin2. Cipro3. Ceftriaxone
A

Post exposure prophylaxis of bacterial menigitis

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62
Q

Much more common but less deadly than bacterialKids - Enterovirus, arbovirus, HSV, borrelia burgdoferi, coxsackieAdults1. Enterovirus2. HSV3. Varicella-zoster

A

Causes of viral menigitis

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63
Q
  1. Flu-like Sx2. HA3. Fever4. Malaise5. Photophobia6. Meningeal irritation
A

S/S viral meningitis

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64
Q

ImmunocompromisedSpreads from lungsTx1. INH2. Streptomycin3. Rifampin4. Pyrazinamide

A

Who gets TB meningitis & Tx?

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65
Q

Immunocompromised, DMCranial nerve palsiesLP - fungalTx1. Intrathecal amphotericin B

A

Who gets crytococcal meningitis & Tx?

66
Q

Herpes simplex 1. HA2. Fever3. Mental status changes

A

What is the MCC of encephalitis?

67
Q

LP - PCR GOLD StdMRI - diffuse edemaTx - acyclovir, steroids maybe High risk of neuro defecits1. Personality disorders/changes2. Dementia3. Aphasia4. Memory problems

A

Dx & Tx HSV encephalitis

68
Q

Arbovirus Incubation - 2-18 days after mosquito bite, simmer-early autumnWest Nile - severe in elderly

A

What is the leading cause of epidemic encephalitis?

69
Q
  1. Fever2. Malaise3. Fatigue4. Weakness5. HA, eye pain, N&V6. Occipital LAN7. Maculopapular rash8. Conjunctivitis9. Flushing
A

S/S Arbovirus encephalitis

70
Q

CBC - leukopeniaLP - lymphocytosis, IgM ELISA (+8-21 days after onset)Tx - supportive

A

Dx & Tx arbovirus encephalitis

71
Q

RetinitisDx - LP - PCRImaging - ring enhancing lesionsTx - ganciclovir & foscarnet

A

CMV encephalitis in HIV Pts

72
Q
  1. Rabies2. Varicella zoster3. EBV4. Influenza5. Lyme6. Cat scratch disease7. Rocky mountain spotted fever
A

Other causes of encephatlitis

73
Q
  1. Chancre - 21-90 days2. Macular rash, 2-8wks3. 1-20 years, CV, neuro
A

S/S Stages of syphilis

74
Q

Peripheral neuropathy from syphilis Inflammatory process involving dorsal root ganglionS/S1. Lightning pains in abdomen & legs2. Dec. proprioception3. Dec. vibratory sense4. Dec. DTRs5. Argyll-Robinson pupil (accomodate but don’t react)

A

What is Tabes-dorsalis

75
Q

Frontal lobe dementiaEmotional lability & memory issuesPsychosis

A

What is Syphilic paresis

76
Q

LP - Fluorescent treponemal Ab test FTA-ABSTx - PCN

A

Dx & Tx syphilis

77
Q

Cerebritis - abx/fungals2 - walled off/organized abscess that begins to expand - need surgery

A

Stages of brain abscesses

78
Q

Cryptococcus, coccidioides, Histoplaslma, Aspergillosis All Amphotericin B

A

How to Tx fungal abscesses

79
Q

Toxoplasmosis CT - ring enhancing lesionsDx - IgG & IgM Long term Tx

A

What is the MCC of cerebral mass lesions in HIV Pts?

80
Q

Caused by JCV common in immunocompromised Demyelinating disorder Dx - LP PCRMRI - demyelinated white matterTx - dec. immunosuppression SIGNIFICANT neuro dysfunction

A

Progressive Multifocal leukencephalopathy

81
Q

High dose ionizing radiation

A

What is the only proven cause of brain CA?

82
Q
  1. HA2. Seizures3. Cognitive/personality changes4. Focal weakness5. N&V6. Speech difficulty7. Visual changes 8. Papilledema9. CN6 palsy10. Gait disturbance
A

S/S Brain CA

83
Q
  1. Meningioma2. Pituitary adenoma3. Schwannoma4. Craniopharyngioma
A

Types of benign tumors

84
Q
  1. Gliomas2. Astrocytoma3. Glioblastoma4. Oligodendroglioma5. Pineal tumor6. Medulloblastoma
A

Types of malignant tumors

85
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

What is the most common kid brain tumor?

86
Q

Meningioma More common in women Arise from the meninges in the arachnoid space CT - dura tail & indentation of brain

A

What is the most common type of brain tumor?

87
Q

I - BenignII - atypical, neither cancerous nor benign, grow faster & recurIII - anaplastic - malignant & invasive

A

Grading of meningioma

88
Q

Watchful waitingCraniotomyRadiation - gamma knf=ife

A

Tx meningioma

89
Q

MEN1 gene 1. Prolactinoma 2. Growth hormone3. ACTH4. Nonfunctioning (compress optic nerve)5. LS/FSH6. TSH

A

Pituitary adenoma

90
Q

Pituitary tumor Compress optic nerveInc. ICP

A

Craniopharyngioma

91
Q

C - arrise from cells in Rathke’s ductP - arise from cells in anterior lobe

A

Craniopharyngioma vs. pituitary adenoma

92
Q

Tumor CN VIII, from Schwann cellsBenign but can cause serious complicationsS/S usually unilateral1. Hearing loss2. Tinnitus3. VertigoDx - CTTx - Keyhole surgery

A

Acoustic neuroma & S/S

93
Q

Astrocytoma I - Pilocytic - benignII - Low grade - benignIII - AnaplasticIV - Glioblastoma multiforme

A

What is the most common type of glioma & grading?

94
Q

Block CSF flow - hydrocephalus More common in kids Cut it out, XRT

A

Ependymoma

95
Q

Graded 2-3 Slower growing than astrocytoma Watchful waiting, surgery & CRT High rate of recurrence

A

Oligodendroglioma

96
Q

NeurofibromatosisMay compress pituitary gland

A

What is optic nerve glioma assoc w/?

97
Q

Production of melatoninHydrocephalus GradesPineocytoma - benignPeneoblastoma - malignant

A

Pineal tumor

98
Q

Most common kids tumorFast growing, high gradeTx - surgery, XRT, chemo

A

Medulloblastoma

99
Q

Lung & breast

A

What CA most commonly metastasize to the brain?

100
Q

Type I - von Recklinghausen disease1. 6 or + light brown spots (cafe au lait)2. Freckles in unsual places (freckles & groin)3. Colored bumps on iris (Lisch nodules)4. Bony malformations5. Aneurysm, HTN6. Many develop gliomas Type II - usually don’t have skin manifestations autosomal dominant

A

Neurofibromatosis

101
Q
  1. > 60 2. Prior brain injury3. Insomnia, sleep deprivation4. Dec. visual/auditory function5. Hospitalization6. Polypharmacy7. Poor nutritional status8. Renal/hepatic failure9. Alcoholism10. Infection 11. Hypoxia, CHF, dehydration, MI12. Metabolic imbalances13. CVA, seizures
A

Risk factors for delirium

102
Q
  1. New info difficult to learn & retain2. Complex tasks hard to perform3. Unable to solve simple problems4. Get lost in familiar places5. Difficulty expressing oneself6. Irritable or aggressive behavior
A

Presentation of dementia

103
Q
  1. Cortical - alzheimers, metabolic2. Subcortical - vascular dementia3. Mixed - Parkinson’s, Lewy body
A

Types of dementia

104
Q
  1. >
    1. Female3. FH4. Low edu level5. Head trauma6. Long standing HTN/MI7. ApoE
A

Risk factors of Alzheimers

105
Q
  1. Short term emory loss2. Aphasia3. Apraxia Dx of exclusion CT - cortical atrophy, volume loss medial temporal lobePET - hypometabolism
A

Dx Alzheimers

106
Q
  1. Cholinesterase inhibitors - Aricept, Exelon, Razadyne2. NMDA receptor antagonist - Namenda
A

Tx Alzheimers

107
Q
  1. DM2. CAD3. HTN4. CVA5. Smoking6. Men Alzheimer’s meds not effective
A

Risk factors multi infarct dementia

108
Q
  1. Visual hallucinations - auditory, olfactory2. Fluctuations in alertness & attention3. Periods of staring into space4. Men 1. Alzheimers meds2. Parkinson meds3. Maybe anti-psychotics
A

S/S & Tx dementia w/ lewy bodies

109
Q

Picks disease - 40-70 yo, FH1. Inappropriate behaviors & actions2. Dec. empathy3. Lack of judgement/inhibitions4. Apathy5. Repetitive compulsive behaviors 6. Lack of hygiene 7. Speech & language disorders8. Mvmt disorders9. Lack of awareness of behavioral changes

A

S/S Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

110
Q
  1. SSRIs2. Antipsychotics3. Alzheimers meds
A

Tx Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

111
Q

Dec. CSF absorption due to scarring/fibrosis of arachnoid villusVentricles become distended & compress the periventricular tissues/vessels Causes - Idiopathic, head injury, SAH, meningitis

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

112
Q

Can’t think, can’t walk, can’t pee MRI - ventriculomegaly LP - Pressure at upper limits of normal Tx - shunt

A

S/S & Dx Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

113
Q
  1. Weakness2. Sore tongue3. Easy bruising, bleeding gums4. Pallor5. Paresthesias6. Mood changes7. Dementia/memory loss
A

S/S Vitamin B12 deficiency

114
Q
  1. Ataxia2. Confusion3. Opthalmoplegia4. Vertical & horizontal nystagmus5. Short term memory loss6. ConfabulationTx - Thiamine
A

S/S & Tx Wernickes-Korsakoff’s disease

115
Q

Related to Parkinsons & FTLD1. Blurred vision2. Loss of balance3. Stiffness & bradykinesia4. Dysphagia5. Dysarthria6. Emotional labile7. Apathy/depressionParalysis of vertical gaze*** Startled appearance

A

S/S Progresive supranuclear palsy

116
Q
  1. Parkinson’s meds for mvmt disorders2. SSRIs3. Alzheimers meds
A

Tx progressive supranuclear palsy

117
Q

Don’t know what caused it

A

What is a cryptogenic seizure?

118
Q
  1. Brain tumor, CVA, trauma2. Electrolyte abnormalities3. Medication overdoses4. Drug withdrawals5. Drugs 6. Infection/fever
A

Causes of seizures

119
Q
  1. Fever >382. Day care attendance3. Developmental delay4. Neonatal nursery >30days5. FH6. Viral infections 7. Vaccines 8. 6mo-5yrs
A

Risk factors for febrile seizure

120
Q
  1. Age <104F)4. 1st degree relative
A

Risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures

121
Q

5-18 yrsNO aura 1. Vacant, dazed expression2. Pallor3. Last 10 sec max, several times/dayUsually stop by age 20 Tx - Zarontin, Depakote

A

Absence seizures

122
Q

aka Grand Mal 1. Aura2. Tonic - muscular rigidity 3. Clonic - jerking4. Incontinence5. Tongue biting6. Sudden LOC Tx - Depakote, Dilantin, Tegretol

A

Generalized tonic clonic seizure S/S & Tx

123
Q

AtonicLOC, head drops, loss of posture

A

What seizures have “drop attacks?”

124
Q
  1. Sensory weirdness2. GI Sxs, flushing3. Jerking limbs, paresthesias4. Hallucinations, deja vu, jamais vu
A

Simple partial seizures

125
Q

Most common1. LOC2. Temporal lobe - may travel to frontal3. Aura - GI Sxs, sense of fear4. Stare, automatisms5. Lasts 30s-2 min6. May progress to generalized tonic-clonic Tx - Tegretol, DilantinTemporal lobe resection if no improvement w/ therapy

A

Complex partial seizures

126
Q

Type of partial seizure that only occurs in kids S/S1. Face/cheek twitching2. Drooling3. Difficulty speaking 4. Centrotemporal spikes on EEG5. Often occur only during sleep

A

Rolandic epilsepy

127
Q

kidsG - laughingD - crying

A

Gelastic/Dacrystic seizure

128
Q

Life threatening!!Seizure that lasts >30min 2 or + seizures w/o recovery period Risk factors1. Medication2. Alcohol withdrawal3. Drug OD4. Intracranial infections5. Cancer

A

Status epilepticus

129
Q
  1. Lorazepam/diazepam 2. Check glucose
A

Tx status epilepticus

130
Q

No mammary glands

A

Can you use valproate or carbamazepine in pregnant ladies?

131
Q

aka psychogenic nonepileptic seizure Common in females, anxiety attacks, PTSD, conversion disorder1. Nonfocal - opposite arm/leg2. Pelvic thrusting3. Head turning side to side4. Eyes closed tight5. Tongue biting limiting top6. Postictal crying7. Memory of the event8. May be triggered by emotional/stressful situations

A

What are pseudoseizsures?

132
Q
  1. Seizure free for 2 years2. Normal EEGNo driving w/in 6 mo from last seizure
A

When do you stop/taper seizure meds?

133
Q
  1. Antipsychotics (Halidol)2. Metoclopramide
A

Drugs that can cause Parkinsonism

134
Q
  1. Rest tremor - Pill rolling 2. Rigidity - cogwheeling & lead pipe resistance 3. Bradykinesia - micrographia, slow, shuffling gait
A

S/S Parkinsons

135
Q
  1. Levodopa/carbidopaside effects - dyskinesias/choreiform mvmts
A

Tx Parkinsons

136
Q

Onset 20-60 yoAutosomal dominant1. Action tremor - affects hands & head Exacerbated by stress/fatigue/stimulantsAlleviated by alcohol & rest

A

Benign essential tremor

137
Q
  1. Beta-blockers2. Anticonvulsant (Mysoline)
A

Tx Benign essential tremor

138
Q

Mid-life onset, autosomal dominant1. Failing memory2. Restlessness3. Lack of initiative4. Choreiform mvmts5. Mental decline/dementiaNo Tx

A

Huntington’s chorea

139
Q
  1. Women2. Idiopathic3. Iron deficiency anemia4. Pregnancy5. Hypothyroidism6. DM7. Meds - SSRIs8. Caffeine 9. Smoking
A

Restless legs causes

140
Q
  1. Dopamine agonistsMirapex, Requip
A

Tx Restless legs

141
Q
  1. MS2. CVA3. Traumatic brain injury4. Cerebral palsy5. ALS1. Muscle weakness2. Dec. motor control3. Spasticity4. Hyperreflexia5. Babinskis
A

Upper motor neuron diseases & S/S

142
Q
  1. Progressive bulbar palsy2. Bell’s palsy3. ALS1. Paralysis2. Atrophy3. Fasciculations4. Loss of reflexes
A

Lower motor neuron diseases & S/S

143
Q
  1. Lower motor neurons, CN2. Progressive paralysis - V, VII, IX, X, XII3. Drooling, chewing, dysphagia, dysarthria4. Progresses to aspiration PNA 1-3yrs
A

Progressive bulbar palsy

144
Q

Uncontrollable crying or laughing outbursts

A

Pseudobulbar palsy

145
Q

aka Lou Gehrigs disease 30-60 yo1. Muscle aches/cramps2. Weakness, distal upper limbs & progresses inferiorly3. Dysarthria, dysphagia, spasticity, hyperreflexia4. Muscle fasciculations*

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

146
Q

EMGRiluzole

A

Dx & Tx ALS

147
Q
  1. White females2. Richer people3. Northern latitude 4. 15-60yo
A

Risk factors Multiple sclerosis

148
Q
  1. Relapsing remitting2. Secondary progressive3. Primary progressive4. Progressive relapsing
A

Types of MS

149
Q

Usually unilateralAcuity 20/100Onset hours to days1. Optic nerve pallor2. Pain w/ EOM Have 50% chance of developing MS w/in 5 years

A

Optic neuritis

150
Q
  1. Sensory loss2. Optic neuritis3. Weakness4. Paresthesias 5. Dysarthria6. Dec. pain, vibration & position sense7. Ataxia 8. Horizontal nystagmus9. Inc. DTRs, spasticity, Babinski, ankle clonus
A

S/S MS

151
Q
  1. MRI - spotty, irregular demyelination2. LP - Oligoclonal bands* 3. anti-MOG4. anti-MBP
A

Dx MS

152
Q
  1. Steroids2. Betaseron, Avonex, Rebif, Copaxone3. Symptomatic Tx
A

Tx MS

153
Q

Progressive symmetrical weaknessUsually from antigen mimicryAcute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy mostcommon 1. Proximal muscle weakness2. Legs then arms3. Myalgias - shoulder,back, thighs4. Paresthesias5. Dec. DTRs

A

Guillan Barre S/S

154
Q
  1. C. Jejuni2. EBV3. Mycoplasma4. H flu5. CMV6. VZVVaccinations - H1N1, tetanus, hepatitis
A

Common causes of Guillan Barre

155
Q

LP - Inc. protein, EMGSupportive Tx

A

Dx & Tx Guillan Barre

156
Q

Chronic form of Guillan Barre Symptoms >8wksDx - LP, EMG, nerve BxTx - steroids, IVIg

A

Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy

157
Q

Neurmuscular autoimmune disease 1. Proximally asymmetric limb weakness2. CN weakness3. Lid lag, ptosis, diplopia4. Facial weakness, slurred speech5. Easy fatigueabilityOften get thymoma

A

Myasthenia gravis

158
Q
  1. ACh receptor Abs2. Anti-MuSK 3. EMG4. Tensilon blocks
A

Dx Myasthenia Gravis

159
Q
  1. Mestinon2. Immunosuppression3. IVIg4. Thymectomy
A

Myasthenia Gravis Tx

160
Q

Myasthenia crisis1. Paralysis of respiratory muscles2. Aspiration

A

Complication of myasthenia gravis

161
Q

Persistent pain in dermatomal distribution1. Age2. Female3. Severe rash, pain at outbreak4. Zoster ophthalmicusTx pain

A

Risk factors of postherpetic neuralgia

162
Q

Relfex Sympathetic Dystrophy1. Skin color changes2. Temp3. Swelling4. Tremor/mvmt disorder5. Pain6. Changes in nail/hair growthTx - symptomatic & rehab

A

S/S RSD

Clinical Medicine (11 decks)

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