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Clinical Medicine > Test 3 Reverse > Flashcards

Test 3 Reverse Flashcards

1
Q

Top layer of skinContains keratin & fillagrin surrounded by lipid matrix that provides a water barrier

A

Describe the stratum corneum

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2
Q

A protein in the granular cell layerHolds waterFound in stratum corneum

A

What is fillagrin?

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3
Q
  1. Keratinocytes2. Melanocytes3. Langerhans
A

What are the types of skin cells?

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4
Q

90% of skin cellsMigrate from basal layerDesquamation 40-56 daysSpiny layer, held together by desmosomes -stripes/spines

A

Describe keratinocytes

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5
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

Defects in fillagrin causes?

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6
Q

psoriasis

A

Defects in keratinocytes causes?

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7
Q

basal layer of skinproduce melanin which is transferred to the keratinocytes

A

Describe melanocytesres

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8
Q

mid-epidermis cellsResponsible for delayed hypersensitivity immune response reactions

A

Describe langerhans

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9
Q
  1. Macule2. Petechiae3. Ecchymosis4. Telangiectasia
A

What are the types of flat lesions?

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10
Q
  1. Papule2. Plaque3. Nodule4. Wheal5. Papilloma6. Vesicle7. Bulla8. Abscess9. Cyst10. Scales11. Lichenification
A

What are the types of elevated lesions?

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11
Q

raised, solid lesions <.5cm in daimeter

A

Papule

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12
Q

raised, solid lesions >0.5 cm in diameter

A

Nodule

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13
Q

plateau-like elevationconfluence of papules

A

Plaque

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14
Q

chronic, thickening of the epidermis leading to exaggerated, deep skin lines, usually due to chronic rubbing/scratching

A

Lichnification

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15
Q

round of flat topped evanescent lesion, changes rapidly in size & shape

A

Wheal

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16
Q

multiple wheals”hives”

A

urticaria

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17
Q

fluid filled lesion <0.5 cmoften thin walled

A

Vesicle

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18
Q

fluid filled lesion >0.5 cm

A

Bullae

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19
Q

abscess where hair follicle is involved

A

Furuncle

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20
Q

multiple furuncles

A

Carbuncle

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21
Q

liquid nitrogenWarts, seborrheic keratoses, actinic keratoses

A

What is cryotherapy?

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22
Q

Pigmented lesions >4mmAll lesions >6mm Deep dermis/subQ involvement

A

When do you perform an excisional biopsy?

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23
Q
  1. Incompletely excised BCC or SCC2. Primary BCC or SCC w/ indistinct borders3. Cosmetic areas4. Aggressive, rapidly growing lesions
A

Indications for Mohs surgery

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24
Q
  1. Nevi-melanocytic-atypical-blue2. Lentigines3. Seborrheic keratoses4. Malignant melanoma
A

Types of pigmented lesions

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25
Q

A - SymmetryB - Borders; irregularly, poorly definedC - Color - inconsistentD - Diameter/size >6mmE - Evolving/changing (shape, size, color)

A

Evaluation of a pigmented lesion

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26
Q
  1. Hx of melanoma2. Family Hx3. >100 acquired nevi4. Any new lesion >50 y/o5. Fair skin, blue eyes, freckles (Fitzpatrick skin II)6. Big sunburn
A

Risk Factors of melanoma

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27
Q

Meet 3/51. Poorly defined borders2. Irregular borders3. Irregular pigment4. Background erythema5. >5mm diameter

A

Classification of atypical nevi

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28
Q

Benign, may appear in 4th decadeNot on palms & solesPink, tan, dark brownTexture - velvety to wartyStuck on appearanceTx - cryotherapy, curetted

A

Seborrheic keratoses

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29
Q

Melanoma in elderly ptsSun exposed areasSlow growingHorizontal growth Clyde spots!

A

Lentigo

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30
Q

Melanoma common in Asians/blackshands, feet, nails Hutchinson sign - very aggressive w/ mets - line on nail

A

Acral lentiginous melanoma

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31
Q

Subtle w/o pigmentationDDx:diff. types of skin cancerpsoriasisdermatitis

A

Amelanotic melanoma

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32
Q

aka eczema”itch that rashes” Erythematous papules that coalesce into plaquesxerosis

A

Atopic dermatitis

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33
Q

50-80% of children will have another atopic disease1. Asthma2. Atopic dermatitis3. Allergic rhinitis

A

What is the atopic triad?

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34
Q
  1. Hx/FH2. Hx asthma/allergic rhinitis3. Xerosis4. Repeated skin infections-S. aureus
A

Risk factors of atopic dermatitis

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35
Q
  1. Topical steroids2. Calcineurin inhibitors (Elidel, Protopic)3. Antihistamines4. Tx secondary bacterial infections milds soaps, bath 1x/day, moisturizers, avoid wool & acrylics, sweat, heat & ointments
A

Tx atopic dermatitis

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36
Q
  1. Localized area of lichenification2. May be secondary to atopic dermatitis or other itchy conditions3. Hyperexcitability/abnormal itching4. Intense, may be unconscious habit Tx - break the itch! Steroids, antihistamines, occlusive/hydrocolloidal dressing
A

Lichen Simplex Chronicus

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37
Q

Chronic inflammatory conditionBimodal peak 20-30 or 50-60 Familial, waxes & wanes Risk factors:1. BMI2. Smoking3. EtOH4. Medications

A

Psoriasis & Risk Factors

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38
Q
  1. Plaque2. Guttate3. Inverse/flexural4. Erythrodermic5. Pustular
A

Types of psoriasis

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39
Q

Most common type of psoriasisSalmon colored plaques w/ silvery scales**May itchHyperproliferative disease - immune response causes excess cytokine release

A

Plaque psoriasis

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40
Q

Psoriasis bleeds when plaques removed

A

What is auspitz sign?

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41
Q

Considered seronegative spondyloarthropathies OFten affects hands, feet & spine

A

Psoriatic arthritis

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42
Q

Drop like lesions 1-10mmAcute onsetOften preceded by strep pharyngitis

A

Guttate psoriasis

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43
Q

Both rare but can be serious life threatening conditions

A

Erythrodermic & pustular psoriasis

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44
Q

Found in body foldsAxilla commonLacks scales due to moistureMay mimic candidiasis

A

Inverse/flexural psoriasis

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45
Q

Mild:1. Topical steroids2. Vit D analogs3. Keratolytic agents (salicylic/lactic acid)4. Topical retinoids5. Coal tarModerate to sever:1. PUVA (UV therapy)2. Retinoids

A

Tx psoriasis

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46
Q

Fawn/salmon colored plaques May be caused by herpes Peak age 10-35more common in femalesHerald Patch** - 2-10cm patch w/ peripheral scaling, central clearing often located on the back 1-2 wks later, full blown rash on trunk & proximal extremities Xmas tree distribution* Spares the face, palms & soles of feetNeg KOH scraping no Tx

A

Pityriasis rosea

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47
Q

Pityriasis rosea2-10 cm patch w/ peripheral scaling, central clearing often located on the back

A

What causes a Herald patch?

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48
Q

Pityriasis roseaspares the face, palms & soles of feet

A

Which rash has a Christmas tree distribution?

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49
Q

Scaly, greasy looking rashBeard, eyebrows, nasolabial fold, eyelids, under boobs, dandruff/cradle capMost likely caused by inflammatory rxn to fungus (Malassezia) or yeast

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

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50
Q
  1. Antifungals & topical steroids2. Selenium sulfide shampoo or zinc pyrithione3. Salicylic acid 4. Tx blepharitis by gently cleaning w/ soap
A

Tx Seborrheic dermatitis

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51
Q

Discoid lupus - DLE chronic scarring lesionsSubacute cutaneous - SCLE nonscarringMalar/butterfly rash -often pptd by sun exposure Sharply marginated w/ irregular borders Expansion peripherally w/ central regression leading to atrophy

A

Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus

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52
Q

Prevention - avoid sun1. Topical steroids2. Antimalarials3. Retinoids4. Thalidomide

A

Tx of lupus rash

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53
Q

aka cutaneous Tcell lymphomaIndolentPatches & plaques that may resemble psoriasisSezary cells Tx - PUVA, retinoids

A

Mycosis fungoides & Tx

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54
Q

Small lesions 0.2-0.6 cm Macular or papulesPinkish/flesh colored rough patchesOften in sun-exposed areas Premalignant deformation of keratinocyte may develop into SCC

A

Actinic keratoses

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55
Q
  1. Liquid nitrogen2. Topical agents -Fluorouracil cream-Imiguimod 5%
A

Tx actinic keratoses

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56
Q

Usually in sun exposed areas White fair skinInc. mortality rate compared to BCC 1. Papule, plaque or nodule2. Pink, red or flesh colored3. Scaly4. Grows outward5. Firm6. May have cutaneous form7. Friable (bleed easily)8. May be pruritic

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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57
Q
  1. In situ- Bowen: localized to intraepidermal layer 2. Invasive - involvement of dermis
A

Types of SCC

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58
Q
  1. In situ - curette & desiccation, topical 2. Invasive - wide & local incision, MOHS
A

Tx of SCC

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59
Q

Unilateral red scaling plaqueDx w/ BxTx - mastectomy, chemo

A

Mammary Paget disease

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60
Q

aka vesiculobullous hand eczemaTapioca vesicles affecting hands & feetBlisters, pruritic, may become scaly & fissured Tx - topical/oral corticosteroidskeep dry - white cotton socks

A

Dishidrotic eczema & Tx

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61
Q

Blisters on dorsal surface of hands Skin fragility Hypertrichosis (facial hair)Causes:1. Sun exposure2. Liver disease/alcoholism3. Hep C4. HemosiderosisDx - urinary uroporphyrins

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda & causes

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62
Q
  1. Avoid sun (suncreen doesn’t help)2. Avoid/remove other triggers3. Phlebotomy4. Antimalarials
A

Tx of porphyria cutanea tarda

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63
Q

Exposure to chemicals or allergensIrritant - additive, soaps, detergentsAllergic - plants, antimicrobials, adhesive tape, jewelry, rubber Hypersensitivity rxn taking 10-14 days 1st time or 12-48 hrs repeated

A

Contact dermatitis causes

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64
Q

Irritant - erythematous, flat, scalyAllergic - vesicular, weepy, crusting Itching & burningLinear distribution

A

Contact dermatitis presentation

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65
Q

Uroshiol1. Poison ivy2. Poison oak3. Poison sumacType of contact dermatitis

A

Rhus dermatitis causes

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66
Q

May appear 8-12 y/oPeaks 15-18 y/oOften resolves by 25 y/o Men>women

A

Acne vulgaris

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67
Q
  1. Production of sebum (androgen mediated)2. Keratinous obstruction of sebaceous outlet 3. Baterial colonization - Propionionbacterium acnes4. Inflammatory rxn
A

Pathophysiology acne vulgaris

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68
Q

black head seen w/ acne vulgaris

A

What is an open comedone?

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69
Q

white headseen w/ acne vulgaris

A

What is a closed comedone?

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70
Q
  1. Topical antibiotics2. Benzoyl peroxide - helps open pores3. Topical retinoid w/ severe - accutane - contraindicated in pregnancy
A

Tx acne vulgaris

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71
Q
  1. Androgenic steroids2. Corticosteroids3. Phenytoin (Dilantin)4. Isoniazid5. Oral contraceptives
A

What worsens acne vulgaris?

72
Q

Papules & pustules Neurovascular component - flushing & telangiectasia Glandular component - hyperplasia of the soft tissue of the nose (rhinophyma)

73
Q
  1. Metronidazole gel or clindamycin gel2. Oral antibiotics 3. Benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoin
A

Tx of rosacea

74
Q

aka heat rashKeep cool w/ non-restrictive clothingClean skin w/ chlorhexadine Topical steroids

75
Q

Swelling of the upper dermisAngioedema - swelling of the deep dermis & subQ tissueOften involves face, tongue & larynx May be manifestations of anaphylaxisacute 6 wks

76
Q
  1. Cholinergic - heat & emotion2. Solar 3. Water - aquagenic4. Dermatographism - when skin is rubbed or scratched, leaves sharply localized edema or wheals
A

Types of urticaria

77
Q

Immunologic - IgE mediated activation of mast cellsNon-immunologic - Release of histamine through other pathways 1. Idiopathic2. Food allergies3. Infections4. Drugs 5. IV contrast dye

A

Causes of urticaria

78
Q

contact dermatitis

A

What type of reaction do detergents cause?

79
Q
  1. ACE2. PCN3. ASA4. NSAIDSNSAIDS may not be cause but exacerbate it
A

Which drugs can cause urticaria?

80
Q

Usually caused by Herpes or mycoplasmaPapules evolve into vesicles over ~10 days Target lesionsTx - acyclovir

A

Erythema multiforme Minor

81
Q
  1. Sulfa2. Allopurinol3. PCN4. Anticonvulsants5. NSAIDS
A

What drugs can cause erythema multiforme major?

82
Q
  1. Withdraw insulating agent2. Burn unit3. IV fluids4. IV immunoglobulins5. Corticosteroids maybe-prone to infections
A

Tx erythema multiforme major

83
Q

RareBullae - tender, painful & ruptureSusceptible to secondary S aureus infection Nicholsky signCauses:1. Autoimmune2. Drug induced3. Paraneoplastic

A

Pemphigus & causes

84
Q

separation of epidermis w/ contactSeen w/ pemphigus

A

What is the Nicholsky sign & when is it seen?

85
Q
  1. Vulgaris2. Vegetans3. Foliaceus4. Erythematosus
A

What are the forms of pemphigus?

86
Q

Immunofluorescence - IgG deposits on keratinocytes & other inflammatory processes Tx:1. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, IVIG2. Tx of secondary infection3. Chronic, some remission

A

Dx & Tx of pemphigus

87
Q

Deep, tense bullaeCommon in flexural areasAge >60, menAutoimmune Course: exacerbations/remissions, remits 5-6 yrs Dx: ImmunofluorescenceTx: Derm referral

A

Bullous pemphigoid & Dx & Tx

88
Q

Hardened hyperkeratotic overgrowthsProtection from friction; pressure areas Calluses are larger on the bottom/plantar surface

A

Corns & Callosities

89
Q
  1. Hard - thickened area w/ packed center2. Soft - thinner surface, nonweight bearing surfaces, more painful3. Seed - smaller, bottom foot, very tender, may be clogged sweat duct
A

Types of corns

90
Q
  1. Better fitting shoes2. Trimming3. Salicylic acid4. Soaking/pumice5. Urea/lactic acidRefer if diabetic
A

Tx callus & corns

91
Q

MCC of skin cancer Can occur in pale or dark skins Pink pearly papules*** rarely metsLocally invasiveAt risk for other types of skin cancer Follow up q 6mo-1yr

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

92
Q

BCC

A

What is pathognomonic for pink pearly papules?

93
Q
  1. Curettage & dessication2. Cryotherapy3. Excision4. Mohs5. Imiquimod6. 5% Fluorouracil 7. Radiation?
94
Q
  1. Lichen planus2. Kaposi sarcoma3. Purpura & vasculitis- petechiae- ecchymosis- vasculitis
A

Violaceous purple plaques & nodules

95
Q

Inflammatory pruritic condition1. Purple2. Papules3. Pruritic4. Polygonal (cells)Wickham’s striae - fine white lacy linesDistribution - flexor surfaces, genitals

A

Lichen planus

96
Q
  1. Idiopathic2. Drugs3. Metals4. Infection (HCV)if erosive/ulcerative - inc risk of SCCTx - PUVA & immunosuppression
A

Causes & Tx of lichen planus

97
Q

Vascular neoplastic condition caused by HHV8Seen on face, trunk extremities & hard palate, GI tract & lungs Refer!

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

98
Q

palpable - vasculitis (inflammatory)non-palpable - petechiae 5mm

A

Types of purpura

99
Q

Blanch - secondary to vasodilationnon-blanch - extravasation of bloodhemorrhagic

A

Does it blanch?

100
Q
  1. Abnormal platelet function2. DIC & infection (meningitis)3 Thrombocytopenia -idiopathic-drug induced-thrombotic
A

Causes of petechiae

101
Q
  1. Coagulation defects2. DIC & infection3. Trauma
A

Causes of ecchymosis

102
Q
  1. Henoch-Schonlein purpura2. Idiopathic3. Malignancy4. Infections5. Drug induced6. Polyarteritis nodosa 7. Takayasu arteritis8. Giant cell arteritis
A

Causes of vasculitis

103
Q
  1. Hemorrhoids, fissures2. Infections- Candidiasis- Erythrasma- Oxyuriasis (pinworms)3. Contact dermatitis4. Irritating secretions- diarrhea - trichomoniasis5. Psoriasis, seborrheic, dermatoses
A

Anogenital pruritis & causes

104
Q
  1. Candidiasis2. Trichomoniasis3. Lichen conditions
A

Causes of vulvar pruritis

105
Q
  1. Hydrocortisone-pramoxine (pramasone)2. Topical doxepin3. Topical capsaicin
A

Tx anogenital pruritis

106
Q

Painful erythematous nodules**Bright red, brown-yellow & resemble contusions*Inflammation panniculus w/o ulcerations Anterior tibial surfaceUsually symmetric +/- fever, fatigue & arthralgias 2-4th decadewomen>men

A

Erythema nodosum

107
Q
  1. Streptococcus2. Fungal (histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis), TB, syphilis 3. Drugs - oral contraceptives, sulfa4. Sarcoidosis5. IBD6. Diverticulitis7. Neoplasms8. Idiopathic
A

Causes of erythema nodosum

108
Q

Address underlying conditionUsually resolves in 3-6 wks 1. NSAIDS2. Oral KI3. Steroids maybe

A

Tx erythema nodosum

109
Q

Epidermal inclusion cystBenign growths in the upper hairCan become inflamedTypically have a pore, punctate center

A

Epidermoid cysts

110
Q

Filled w/ cheesy, foul smelling material May need I&D 1st then removal if infected/inflamed

A

Epidermal inclusion cyst

111
Q

Keratin filled cystsbenign, nonpainful, no Tx needed

112
Q

Pit forms at gluteal cleftBlocked w/ hair & keratin Abscess may formHigh recurrence rate after TxMay need I&D, surgical referral

A

Pilonidal cyst

113
Q
  1. Solar urticaria2. Lupus3. Porphyria4. Photosensitization due to drugs5. Polymorphous Light Eruption (PMLE)
A

Causes of photodermatitis

114
Q
  1. Antibiotics -sulfa, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline2. NSAIDS3. Diuretics-furosemide, HCTZ4. Retinoids
A

Drugs that cause photodermatitis

115
Q

PMLE~23 y/oOccurs w/ sun exposure, spring/early summerProbably a photoallergy type response Appears w/in 18-24 hrs of exposure & resolves over 10 days

A

Polymorphous Light Eruption

116
Q
  1. Sunscreen2. +/- antimalarials3. +/- PUVA (to inc. tolerance)
A

Tx of PMLE

117
Q

Signs of venous insufficiency VaricositiesDusky pigmentation (hemosiderin deposits)Discomfort relieved by elevation Medial ankle most common

A

Venous ulcers

118
Q
  1. Compression Tx (Unna boot)/compression stockings2. Carefully measure/document 3. Keep moist (semipermeable dressings)4. Clean w/ saline5. Weekly dressing changes6. Systemic abx w/ infection7. If not healed w/in 6 wks - wound care referral
A

Tx of venous ulcers

119
Q

Dependent ruborDiminished pulsesHx claudication Punched out appearanceWell demarcated w/ pale base, minimal exudate

A

Arterial ulcer

120
Q

NeuropathyCallus is considered pre-ulcerative condition in DM/neuropathyConsider Xray to r/o osteomyelitis Culture, abx

A

Diabetic ulcers

121
Q

Unknown causeMinor trauma leads to development of pustule that quickly expands, inflammatory processMultiple satellite lesions may form & coalesceViolaceous borderTx - steroids, immunosuppression

A

Pyoderma granulosum

122
Q

Absence of melanocytes FamilialLinked to autoimmune thyroid diseaseWhite macules, can affect hair

123
Q
  1. PUVA2. Steroids maybe3. Makeup
A

Tx of vitiligo

124
Q

Defect in tyrosinase - synthesis of melanin1. Ocular - X linked 2. Oculocutaneous - autosomal recessive Inc. risk of SCC & BCC but not melanoma

125
Q

Abnormal, irregular facial hyperpigmentation w/ sun exposure Often assoc. w/ pregnancy, BC pills w/ estrogen & progesterone Usually goes away after birth/stopping pills

126
Q

“Brown velvety thickening” in neck & axillaassoc. w/ diabetes, insulin resistanceTx underlying condition/wt loss

A

Acanthosis nigricans & Tx

127
Q

Adrenal insufficiency & excess ACTH stimulates melanocytes

128
Q
  1. Androgenetic2. Telogen effluvium3. Alepecia areata4. Trichotillomania
A

Types of aloe pecia

129
Q

Dec. anagen phase (growing phase)Influenced by:1. Inc. androgen levels2. Inc. DHT levels (metabolite of testosterone)3. Women w. inc. 5a reductase androgen receptorsPatterns in men - widows peak & crownwomen - crown

A

Androgenetic aloe pecia

130
Q
  1. Minoxidil (Rogaine) 2. Finasteride (Propecia) - males only3. Spironolactone (women)
A

Tx of androgenetic aloe pecia

131
Q

Inc. # of hairs in telogen phase (resting)Inc. hair on pillows/shower Causes:1. Pregnancy2. Fever3. Stress (inciting 2-4 mo prior)4. Malnutrition5. BC pills6. Hyper/hypothyroidism7. Anemia

A

Telogen effluvium aloe pecia & causes

132
Q
  1. Hair pluck test - 50 hairs & check for bulbs2. CBC (anemia)3. Iron studies4. Total testosterone, free testosterone, DHEA-5, prolactin5. Syphilis Treat underlying cause
A

Dx telogen effluvium aloe pecia

133
Q

May be autoimmune disorderPatchy hair loss but may become universal Eyebrows & body hair affected Tx - intralesional steroidsMay resolve spontaneously, often recursPoor prognosis if: atopic dermatitis, FH, early onset

A

Aloe pecia areata

134
Q

Caused by drugs, occuring 7-10 days later Only affects skinSymmetric macules & papules Resolves after ~1 wkTx:1. +/- Topical steroids 2. +/- Antihistamines

A

Exanthemeous eruptions & Tx

135
Q

Solitary erythematous patch w/ bullaMay involve mouth, face, genitalia, extremities Occurs in 30min-8hrsLesion may erode, ulcerateResolves over few weeks Causes:1. Abx2. NSAIDS3. Sulfa4. Tetracycline5. Metronidazole

A

Fixed Drug Eruptions & causes

136
Q

SulfaAllopurinolTetracyclinesAnticonvulsantsNSAIDs& PCN

A

Common causes of SJS/TEN

137
Q

More common in women & extremitiesReactive process usually at site of mild trauma/insect bite~1 cm, pink-brown Lesion tethered to dermis - pinch sign

A

Dermatofibroma

138
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

What lesion has a pinch sign?

139
Q

Benign, dilated capillaries, trunk Appears in 30s

A

Cherry Angioma

140
Q

Rapidly developing hemangioma Smooth nodule, w/o crustingAge <30 y/oOften occurs at sites of minor traumaBenign but must Bx

A

Pyogenic Granuloma

141
Q

Skin tagsPedunculated polypFrequently on neck, axilla, groin & chestInc. w/ ageTx - snip w/ scissors

A

Achrochordon

142
Q

Aka hot tun folliculitis Papulopustular lesions, PruriticTx - may resolve in few weeksQuinolone if needed

A

Pseudomonas folliculitis & Tx

143
Q

Acute spreading infection & inflammation of the dermis & hypodermis Usually Staph/StrepErythema, warm, tender, swollen, possible lymphangitis w/ cellulitis streaking, adenopathy Tx - demarcate, Abx, surgery if bad/necrotizing

A

Cellulitis

144
Q

Localized pocket of infectious material - may have surrounding cellulitis Causes - IVs, IVDUMCC - StaphTX:1. Warm soaks2. I&D w/ wick 3. Culture 4. Oral/IV abx if >5cm in diameter

A

Abscess & Tx

145
Q

Strep pyoderma/staphCrusted, golden & honey crusted yellow lesions Tx - Bacitracin If caused by GABHS - poststrep glomerulonephritis can occur

146
Q

Staph

A

What usually causes bullous impetigo?

147
Q

Painful, macular, erythematous & well demarcated rash usually on the face Desquamates in 10 days Tx - admit, IV abx

A

Erysipelas & Tx

148
Q

Strep throat w/ rash Fine red papular, sandpaper like rash on the cheeks, blansh, pastia lines Assoc. w/ circumoral pallor & strawberry tongue Fades in 2-5 fays w/ desquamation Caused by GABHS

A

Scarlet fever

149
Q

Flesh eating bacteria severe swelling, warmth, pain, erythema, crepitus spreading rapidly along fascia lines, pain out of proportion to exam Risk Factors:1. Age2. DM3. Immune issues4. Renal failure5. Chronic skin infections

A

Necrotizing fasciitis & risk factors

150
Q
  1. Polymicrobial - most common2. Monomicrobial - Group A Strep3. CA - MRSA4. Caused by Vibrio Vulnificus from seawater exposure
A

Types of necrotizing fasciitis

151
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

What should you suspect when someone has pain out of proportion to the exam?

152
Q

Form of necrotizing fasciitis common in DMAffects perianal area

A

Fornier’s gangrene

153
Q

Bacteremia caused by Staph & StrepDue to toxin mediated inflammatory response Causes - tampons, nasal packing, wounds, rectalAbrupt onset of fever, vomiting & diarrheaDiffuse maculopapular rash & conjunctivitis Multisystem organ failureCultures usually negative

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

154
Q

Exfoliative endotoxin - S. aureusChildren under 5 - URI Sx then tender red skin followed by exfoliation+ Niklosky sign

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

155
Q

Infection from contaminated seafoodVomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain & sepsis Leads to necrotizing fasciitis, hemorrhagic bullae, HOTN/shock, purpuraCDC reportable Tx - Abx, Debridement

A

Vibrio Vulnificus & Tx

156
Q

Red annular patch w/ central clearing & scaleDx w/ KOH prep/clinical Tx - antifungals 1. Dermatophytosis2. Trichophyton3. Microsporum4. Tinea capitus, cruris, corporis, mnuum, unguium, barbae, pedis, cruris

A

Tinea infections

157
Q

Nails become white/brown/yellow & thicken Caused by fungus - trichophyton rubrum KOH prep Tx w/ oral antifungals

A

Onycomycosis

158
Q

Sarcoptes scabiei - arthropodMost common on hands, genitals, axillary Secondary infection due to staph/strep Lesions are pruritic burrows, pustules & nodules Dx - clinical or explore for egg/mite Tx - Lindane, Permethrin

159
Q

Pediculus capitis - Headlice, Rx - PermethrinPubic lice - crabs, STI Body lice - can cause trench fever - Bartonella quintana

A

Pediculosis

160
Q

Cause - PoxvirusSTD, skin to skin Common in AIDS w/ CD4

A

Molluscum Contagiosum

161
Q

Verrucous papules on skin/mucous membraneCause - HPV Condyloma acuminata - genital warts types 6&11

162
Q

Spirochete Borrelia burgorferi from ixodes scapularis tick that lives on deer mouse Dx - serum Ab w/ ELISA, confirm w/ western blot, PCRLeukocytosis, elevated ESR, hematuria, moderately elevated LFTs, LP, arthrocentesis PRN Tx w/ abx - Doxycycline

A

Lyme Disease & Dx

163
Q

Stage 1 - (7-10 days) early localized infection, erythema migrans on groin, thich of axilla, lesion w/ bulls eye, myalgias, fatigue, fever Stage 2 - (wks-mo) early disseminated infection, bacteremia, secondary skin lesions, myocarditis, meningitis, keratitis, cranial neuropathies, ongoing flu-like SxStage 3 - (mo-yrs) late persistent infection, large joint chronic arthritis, encephalopathy - memory loss, behavoiral changes, paresthesias, acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans

A

Stages of Lyme Disease

164
Q

Chicken pox! aka varicella Lesions turn pustular then crust

A

Dew drops on a rose pedal?

165
Q

aka measlesHigh fever, malaise, anorexia, conjuncitivis, cough, Koplik spots, exanthem rash spreading cephalocaudally

166
Q

TORCH infection Aerosolized infection Systematic maculopapular rash - malaise, ocular pain, low fever, HA

167
Q

Erythema infectiousumCause - Prvovirus B19 red slapped cheek fac & lacy pink macular rash on torsoSpread - droplet or bloodborne Causes a polyarthropathy syndrome in adult females

A

5th disease

168
Q

Cause - HHV6 High fever, then goes away, then pink macular morbilliform rash Tx - supportive

A

Roseola infantum

169
Q

Rubbing a lesion causes urticarial flare

A

What is Darier’s sign?

170
Q

Minor trauma leads to new lesions at site of trauma

A

What is Koebner’s phenomenon?

171
Q

An oval-shaped nevoid plauwSkin is colored or pigmented on the trunk or back & is assoc. w/ tuberous sclerosis

A

What is Shagreen skin?

172
Q
  1. Warts2. Seborrheic keratoses3. Actinic keratoses
A

When is cryotherapy typically used?

173
Q
  1. Measles2. Scarlet Fever3. Rubella4. -No 4th..5. Fifth’s disease - Erythema Infectiosum 6. Roseola Infantum HHV-6
A

1-6th diseases

174
Q

Pansclerosing encephalitis

A

What is a big complication of measles?

175
Q

Strep throat w/ sandpaper rash Strawberry tongue

A

Scarlet Fever

Clinical Medicine (11 decks)

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