Test 7 - Lecture 4 Flashcards
According to the video Protein Synthesis, where does transcription take place within a eukaryotic cell?
The nucleus
According to the video Protein Synthesis, what is the job of an RNA polymerase? What does it create?
Connect complementary RNA bases to the DNA, creates single-stranded mRNA
According to the video Protein Synthesis, in eukaryotes, the mRNA travels from the nucleus, through the cytoplasm to where?
Ribosomes
According to the video Protein Synthesis, how does the tRNA know which amino acids to bring to make a protein?
The message directs which ones are transferred
According to the video Protein Synthesis, amino acids are chained together with which type of bond?
Peptide bonds
According to the video Protein Synthesis, what is the function of a stop codon?
To indicate protein building is complete
Regarding the transcription process, what is the difference between a template (antisense) strand and coding (sense) strand of DNA?
Template (antisense) strand - Strand that you are actively copying
Coding (sense) strand - Strand that is not coding (does not do anything)
During the transcription process, is a primer needed to begin the process?
No primer is necessary
Regarding the transcription process, synthesis proceeds from a _____ to ______ direction (the same as DNA replication). Fill in the blanks.
5’ to 3’
What must be attached to an RNA polymerase (other than the DNA its copying) to begin the transcription process?
Promoter
Which statement describes what occurs during the initiation process of transcription?
Binding the RNA polymerase and promoters, will unwind the DNA helix
What is usually needed in order to begin the elongation stage of transcription? (it is the first thing we discussed on chapter fifteen slide fifteen)
A certain amount of ATP or GTP, need to actively use energy to have elongation
Which statement describes what occurs during the elongation process of transcription?
Rewinding will occur, which makes sure that it’s not being exposed to other cells and liquids of the nucleus
What is the definition of a transcription bubble and when is it present within your nucleus?
The transcription bubble causes two DNA strands to detach will be present when the RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a promoter
There is no proofreading capabilities when completing the transcription process which can result in many copy errors. What do our cells do to try and fix this problem?
Cells create multiples of the same section so you’re more likely to create at least one correct
Which statement describes what occurs during the termination stage of transcription?
Dissociation - Detachment, unlinking
Release
Hairpin formation
During eukaryotic transcription, multiple RNA polymerases are utilized instead of using one general-use RNA polymerase. Which statement accurately describes the function of RNA polymerase I, II, or III?
RNA I - Transcribing rRNA and recognize promoters that are unique to this enzyme
RNA II - Transcribe mRNA and small nuclear RNA
RNA III - Transcribe tRNA and small RNAs
During eukaryotic transcription, multiple different promoters are attached to the varying RNA polymerases. Which statement accurately describes the promoters attached RNA polymerase I, II, or III?
RNA I - Species have different promoters
RNA II - Promoter sequence similar to bacteria
RNA III - Work different from every other promoter species to species
How does the initiation stage of transcription vary between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes need transcription factors with are helpers to function, whereas prokaryotes do not
Eukaryotes can complete pre and posttranscriptional modifications to protect the mRNA strand. Why does the mRNA strand have to be “protected?”
Keeps DNA strand from being destroyed by the cytoplasm, prevention of degradation
Which statement describes when the 5’ cap is added to protect mRNA or what the 5’ cap is made of?
Is put on actively during transcription, made of Methyl-G cap (CH3)
Which statement describes when the 3’ poly-A tail is added to protect mRNA or what the 3’poly-A tail is made of?
Put on at the end of the transcription process, series of adenine residues added by poly-a Polymerase
