Test 7 - Lecture 4

Question 1

According to the video Protein Synthesis, where does transcription take place within a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

The nucleus

Question 2

According to the video Protein Synthesis, what is the job of an RNA polymerase? What does it create?

Answer 2

Connect complementary RNA bases to the DNA, creates single-stranded mRNA

Question 3

According to the video Protein Synthesis, in eukaryotes, the mRNA travels from the nucleus, through the cytoplasm to where?

Answer 3

Ribosomes

Question 4

According to the video Protein Synthesis, how does the tRNA know which amino acids to bring to make a protein?

Answer 4

The message directs which ones are transferred

Question 5

According to the video Protein Synthesis, amino acids are chained together with which type of bond?

Answer 5

Peptide bonds

Question 6

According to the video Protein Synthesis, what is the function of a stop codon?

Answer 6

To indicate protein building is complete

Question 7

Regarding the transcription process, what is the difference between a template (antisense) strand and coding (sense) strand of DNA?

Answer 7

Template (antisense) strand - Strand that you are actively copying

Coding (sense) strand - Strand that is not coding (does not do anything)

Question 8

During the transcription process, is a primer needed to begin the process?

Answer 8

No primer is necessary

Question 9

Regarding the transcription process, synthesis proceeds from a _____ to ______ direction (the same as DNA replication). Fill in the blanks.

Answer 9

5’ to 3’

Question 10

What must be attached to an RNA polymerase (other than the DNA its copying) to begin the transcription process?

Answer 10

Promoter

Question 11

Which statement describes what occurs during the initiation process of transcription?

Answer 11

Binding the RNA polymerase and promoters, will unwind the DNA helix

Question 12

What is usually needed in order to begin the elongation stage of transcription? (it is the first thing we discussed on chapter fifteen slide fifteen)

Answer 12

A certain amount of ATP or GTP, need to actively use energy to have elongation

Question 13

Which statement describes what occurs during the elongation process of transcription?

Answer 13

Rewinding will occur, which makes sure that it’s not being exposed to other cells and liquids of the nucleus

Question 14

What is the definition of a transcription bubble and when is it present within your nucleus?

Answer 14

The transcription bubble causes two DNA strands to detach will be present when the RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a promoter

Question 15

There is no proofreading capabilities when completing the transcription process which can result in many copy errors. What do our cells do to try and fix this problem?

Answer 15

Cells create multiples of the same section so you’re more likely to create at least one correct

Question 16

Which statement describes what occurs during the termination stage of transcription?

Answer 16

Dissociation - Detachment, unlinking
Release
Hairpin formation

Question 17

During eukaryotic transcription, multiple RNA polymerases are utilized instead of using one general-use RNA polymerase. Which statement accurately describes the function of RNA polymerase I, II, or III?

Answer 17

RNA I - Transcribing rRNA and recognize promoters that are unique to this enzyme
RNA II - Transcribe mRNA and small nuclear RNA
RNA III - Transcribe tRNA and small RNAs

Question 18

During eukaryotic transcription, multiple different promoters are attached to the varying RNA polymerases. Which statement accurately describes the promoters attached RNA polymerase I, II, or III?

Answer 18

RNA I - Species have different promoters
RNA II - Promoter sequence similar to bacteria
RNA III - Work different from every other promoter species to species

Question 19

How does the initiation stage of transcription vary between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 19

Eukaryotes need transcription factors with are helpers to function, whereas prokaryotes do not

Question 20

Eukaryotes can complete pre and posttranscriptional modifications to protect the mRNA strand. Why does the mRNA strand have to be “protected?”

Answer 20

Keeps DNA strand from being destroyed by the cytoplasm, prevention of degradation

Question 21

Which statement describes when the 5’ cap is added to protect mRNA or what the 5’ cap is made of?

Answer 21

Is put on actively during transcription, made of Methyl-G cap (CH3)

Question 22

Which statement describes when the 3’ poly-A tail is added to protect mRNA or what the 3’poly-A tail is made of?

Answer 22

Put on at the end of the transcription process, series of adenine residues added by poly-a Polymerase