Test 7 - Lecture 1 Flashcards
Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Hammerling experiment?
A) Acetabularia Regeneration
B) Cells store hereditary information in the nucelus
Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Robert Briggs and Thomas King experiments?
A) Frog with and without a nucleus (removed through UV radiation)
B) If the egg had a nucleus, it was able to go through mitosis. Without the nucleus, the egg could not replicate and go through mitosis
Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Griffith experiment?
A) Injected 5 types of bacteria into mice - Live R strain, live S strain, heat killing S strain, heat-killed S strain + live R strain, S strain isolated from mice from group 4
B) Transforming principle, Organisms can acquire new properties from their environment and from one another, Non-heritable exchange of genetic information is possible
What is the definition of transformation (when referring to bacteria)?
When you are going to go and transfer genetic material from one cell to another
According to the video Griffith Experiment: Bacterial Transformation, what is a difference between the coating on the virulent S-strain and a virulent R-strain?
S-strain has a smooth polysaccharide coat while the R-strain has a rough coat
According to the video Griffith Experiment: Bacterial Transformation, what happened to each mouse within the (a) live R-strain group, (b) live S-strain, (c) heat-killed S-strain, or (d) heat-killed S-strain mixed with a live R-strain?
A) Survived
B) Developed pneumonia and died
C) Survived because all the dangerous bacteria had died
D) Developed pneumonia and died
Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Avery experiments?
A) Worked with Streptococcus Pneumoniae strain - Removed proteins to see if the strain could continue replication
B) Found that it could continue replication without proteins and that transferring quality and binary fission could only be reduced if the DNA of the nucleus was removed
Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of the Hershey-Chase experiments?
A) Worked on viruses - Injecture viruses with only proteins and DNA into bacteria that had protein and DNA
B) When tested without DNA, the virus was unable to continue spreading because it could not replicate without the DNA, if there was only protein there was no viral growth
DNA is made up of long chains of nucleic acids. Which statement does not describe the components of a nucleic acids described in class? (Listed are true statements)
Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA, 5C sugars), has to have a phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Which statement accurately describes any information we discussed regarding nucleic acid bonds or direction regarding bonding (think the prime direction we discussed)?
5’ phosphate group (top) and 3’hydroxyl group (bottom)
Which statement accurately describes the findings of the Chargaff’s analysis regarding DNA nucleotides?
- Equal proportions of the amounts of adenine and thymine or guanine and cytosine (without mutations)
- Purines and pyrimidines had to be in equal proportions to be bonded with
Which statement describes either the (a) experimental design or (b) the findings of Franklin’s experiments?
A) Used x-ray defraction patterns
B) The idea of the double helix
Watson and Crick were the first to make a full model of DNA and found the reasoning why our DNA is a double helix. Which of these statements does not accurately describe these discoveries? (Listed are true)
- Double helix shape
- Contains polymers of nucleotides that are intertwined into the double helix
- Have to have complementary base pairs
- Bonds: Nucleotide –> hydrogen, Carbon –> Phosphodiester
- Anti-parallel configuration (5’ to 3’), DNA is polar
Watson and Crick discovered that DNA has complementary base-pairs. What does this mean?
Adenine must go with thymine and guanine must go with cytosine, vice versa.
Regarding DNA replication, three models showing how it was completed were originally theorized until scientists realized is matched the semiconservative model. Which of these statements describes the three originally theorized conservative, dispersive, or semiconservative models of DNA replication?
Conservatively: Original is cut in half then each side is replicated creating something with brand new info and will not mix anything new into the new strand (incorrect)
Semi-conservatively: DNA want to replicate so you split it down the middle, half of it is on the old one and half is also completely new. So old/new and new/old. Unzips the entire side, reads it out, makes enzymes add to it and does the same thing to the other one (correct)
Dispersively: Cut it at the side and make a mixture of New/old & new/old. No real pattern but there’s a mix, a hybrid (incorrect)
