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A&P Semester 2 > Test 6 > Flashcards

Test 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following does not distribute air?

a. Trachea
b. Bronchus
c. Alveolus
d. Nose

A

c. Alveolus

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system

a. Assists with homeostasis of body pH
b. Distributes oxygen to cells
c. Filters air
d. Warms air

A

b. Distributes oxygen to cells

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3
Q

Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate?

a. It separates the nasal and cranial cavities
b. It forms the lateral aspects of the nose
c. It separates the internal nose from the mouth
d. It forms a midline separation in the nasal cavity

A

a. It separates the nasal and cranial cavities

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4
Q

The small openings in the cribriform plate function to:

a. Allow air to move between the nostrils
b. Allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain
c. Provide a filtering system for inspired air
d. Both A and B

A

b. Allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain

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5
Q

The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as:

a. Nostrils
b. Anterior nares
c. External nares
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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6
Q

The upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except the:

a. Larynx
b. Trachea
c. Oropharynx
d. Nasopharyngeal

A

b. Trachea

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7
Q

The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition called the:

a. Septum
b. Conchae
c. Cribriform plate
d. Turbinates

A

a. Septum

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8
Q

Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane:

a. Vestibule
b. Posterior nares
c. Trachea
d. Primary bronchi

A

a. Vestibule

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9
Q

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx?

a. Vestibule, anterior nares, inferior middle and superior meats, posterior nares
b. Inferior middle, and superior meatus nostrils vestibule posterior nares
c. Anterior nares vestibule , inferior, middle, and superior meatus, posterior nares
d. Anterior nares, posterior nares, vestibule inferior, middle and superior meatus

A

c. Anterior nares vestibule , inferior, middle, and superior meatus, posterior nares

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10
Q

The largest paranasal sinuses are the:

a. Maxillary
b. Frontal
c. Ethmoid
d. Sphenoid

A

a. Maxillary

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11
Q

The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of:

a. Stratified columnar
b. Pseudostratified columnar
c. Simple squamous
d. Simple columnar

A

b. Pseudostratified columnar

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12
Q

Which of the following is not a regulated process associated with the functioning of the respiratory system?

a. Transport of gases
b. Gas exchange in lungs and tissue
c. Control of cell metabolism rate
d. Pulmonary ventilation

A

c. Control of cell metabolism rate

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13
Q

Standard atmospheric pressure is __ mm Hg.

a. 650
b. 700
c. 760
d. 800

A

c. 760

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14
Q

Bowles law states that the volume of gas varies ___ with the pressure at a ___ temperature.

a. Directly; constant
b. Inversely; constant
c. Directly; constantly changing
d. Inversely; constantly changing

A

b. Inversely; constant

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15
Q

Which muscles are used for forced expiration?

a. Sternocleidomastoid and abdominal muscles
b. Sternocleidomastoid and intercostal
c. External intercostals and pectoralis muscles
d. Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

A

d. Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

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16
Q

When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure:

a. Inspiration occurs
b. Expiration occurs
c. Lung tissue has collapsed
d. The bronchioles are obstructed

A

b. Expiration occurs

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17
Q

The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the:

a. Inspiratory capacity and the residual volume
b. Inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiration reserve volume
c. Tidal volume, residual volume and expiration reserve volume
d. Inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and inspiratory capacity

A

b. Inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiration reserve volume

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18
Q

The term used to describe the volume of air exchanged during normal inspiration and expiration is:

a. Inspiratory and expiration reserve volume
b. Vital capacity
c. Tidal volume
d. Residual volume

A

c. Tidal volume

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19
Q

During inspiration, the expansion of the lungs causes:

a. Cohesion of visceral and parietal pleura
b. A pressure gradient from alveoli to atmosphere
c. A decrease in alveolar pressure
d. An increase in intrathoracic pressure from about -6 to -4 mm Hg

A

c. A decrease in alveolar pressure

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20
Q

Vital capacity is defined as the:

a. Maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during forced respiration
b. Volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal inspiration
c. Volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled at the end of a normal expiration
d. Total volume of air contained in the respiratory passages

A

a. Maximum volume of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs during forced respiration

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21
Q

Excessive fluid in the pleural cavity would be most likely to cause:

a. Increased residual volume
b. Decreased vital capacity
c. Increased functional reserve volume
d. Decreased tidal volume

A

b. Decreased vital capacity

22
Q

Which of the following constitutes total lung volume?

a. Residual volume and vital capacity
b. Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume
c. Residual volume and tidal volume
d. Vital capacity and tidal volume

A

a. Residual volume and vital capacity

23
Q

If a person were skiing high up in the mountains, she might feel that she is having trouble breathing (getting enough oxygen in the blood). This is because the:

a. Thoracic cavity has a difficult time lowering the internal pressure below the atmospheric pressure
b. Lower atmospheric pressure lowers the Po2 and the diffusion gradient between the blood and the atmosphere is less
c. Lower atmospheric pressure lowers the Po2 and the diffusion gradient between the blood and the atmosphere is greater
d. Physiological dead air space increases and atmospheric pressure decreases

A

b. Lower atmospheric pressure lowers the Po2 and the diffusion gradient between the blood and the atmosphere is less

24
Q

Dalton’s law states that the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is ___ to the total pressure of the mixture:

a. Inversely related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and
b. Directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and
c. Directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and inversely related
d. Inversely related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and directly related

A

b. Directly related to the concentration of that gas in the mixture and

25
Q

Which of the following helps determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute?

a. The total functional surface area of the respiratory membrane
b. Alveolar ventilation
c. The oxygen pressure gradient between alveolar air and incoming pulmonary blood
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

26
Q

By the time the blood leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the bloods hemoglobin has united with oxygen?

a. 55%
b. 63%
c. 82%
d. 97%

A

d. 97%

27
Q

One hundred millimeter of arterial blood contains approximately what volume percent of oxygen?

a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 20%
d. 25%

A

c. 20%

28
Q

The walls of the GI tract are composed of ___ layers of tissue.

a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five

A

c. Four

29
Q

All of the following are classified as accessory organs of the digestive system except the:

a. Tongue
b. Mouth
c. Liver
d. Pancreas

A

b. Mouth

30
Q

Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion?

a. Esophagus
b. Stomach
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine

A

a. Esophagus

31
Q

The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the:

a. Fauces
b. Frenulum
c. Uvula
d. Gingiva

A

c. Uvula

32
Q

The type of cell designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is ____ epithelium.

a. Simple columnar
b. Stratified squamous
c. Simple squamous
d. Pseudostratified

A

a. Simple columnar

33
Q

The hard palate consists of portions of:

a. Four bones: three maxillae and one palatine
b. Two bones: one maxillae and one palatine
c. Four bones: two maxillae and two palatine
d. Two bones: two palatines

A

c. Four bones: two maxillae and two palatine

34
Q

An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep:

a. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa
b. Serosa, submucosa, muscularis, and mucosa
c. Serosa, muscularis, submuscosa, and mucosa
d. Muscularis, submucosa, mucosa, and serosa

A

c. Serosa, muscularis, submuscosa, and mucosa

35
Q

Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption?

a. Esophagus
b. Large intestine
c. Small intestine
d. Stomach

A

c. Small intestine

36
Q

The more common term for deglutition is:

a. Chewing
b. Swallowing
c. Mechanical digestion
d. Vomiting

A

b. Swallowing

37
Q

The extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the __ outside the tongue.

a. Extrinsic muscles have both their insertion and origin
b. Intrinsic muscles have their origin inside the tongue but their insertion
c. Extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin
d. Intrinsic muscles have both their insertion and origin

A

c. Extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their origin

38
Q

Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotid, submandibulars, and sublingual) secrete each day?

a. 200 ml
b. 500ml
c. 750ml
d. 1 liter

A

d. 1 liter

39
Q

The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called:

a. Cilia
b. Rugae
c. Villi
d. Papillae

A

d. Papillae

40
Q

Which of the following papillae of the tongue lack taste buds?

a. Vallate
b. Fungiform
c. Filiform
d. Lingual

A

c. Filiform

41
Q

Which explains the relationship between the gas pressure gradient of the atmosphere and the alveolar air that allows inhalation?

a. When atmospheric pressure is less than the pressure within the lung, air flows down this gas pressure gradient. Then air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs
b. When atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure within the lungs, air flows down the gas pressure gradient. Then air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs
c. When atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure within the lung, air flows away from this gas pressure gradient. Then air moves from the lungs out into the atmosphere
d. When atmospheric pressure is less than the pressure within the lung, air flows up the gas pressure gradient. Then air move from the atmosphere into the lungs

A

b. When atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure within the lungs, air flows down the gas pressure gradient. Then air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs

42
Q

Which of the following would you expect to happen to cellular respiration during exercise?

a. Increased cellular respiration occurs during exercise causing a rise in plasma PCO2, which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause an increase in respiration rate
b. Decreased cellular respiration occurs during exercise causing a rise in plasma PCO2 which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause a decrease in respiration rate
c. Exercise causes a decrease in cellular respiration by shifting peripheral chemoreceptors in the heart to cause retention of oxygen
d. Blah blah the answer is A

A

a. Increased cellular respiration occurs during exercise causing a rise in plasma PCO2, which is detected by central chemoreceptors in the brain and perhaps peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid sinus and aorta to cause an increase in respiration rate

43
Q

Why would a collapsed right lung, due to pneumothorax, also collapse the left lung?

a. The mediastinum is a mobile rather than a rigid partition between the two pleural sacs, thereby allowing the increased pressure in the side of the chest that is open to push the heart and other mediastinal stature she toward the intact side where they can exert pressure on the left lung
b. sub atmospheric pressure increases from its normal level and thereby moves from high pressure area (right lung) to low pressure area (left lung)
c. When intraday thoracic pressure increases, the mediastinum softens and thereby allows the increased pressure in the side of the chest that is open to push the heart and the mediastinal structures toward the intact side, where they can exert pressure in the left lung
d. It rat Horacio pressure increases from its sub atmospheric level to an atmospheric level thereby sowing the pressure within the chest to increase in proportion to the volume of the thorax

A

a. The mediastinum is a mobile rather than a rigid partition between the two pleural sacs, thereby allowing the increased pressure in the side of the chest that is open to push the heart and other mediastinal stature she toward the intact side where they can exert pressure on the left lung

44
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

a. It serves as a reservoir for food storage
b. It destroys pathogenic bacteria
c. It begins the absorption of proteins
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

45
Q

The lamina proprioceptors is found in which level of the GI wall?

a. Mucosa
b. Submucosa
c. Muscularis
d. Serosa

A

a. Mucosa

46
Q

The myenteric plexus is found in which layer of the GI wall?

a. Mucosa
b. Submucosa
c. Muscularis
d. Serosa

A

c. Muscularis

47
Q

Meissner plexus is found in which layer of the GI wall?

a. Mucosa
b. Submucosa
c. Muscularis
d. Serosa

A

b. Submucosa

48
Q

Heartburn is often caused by acid reflux. Which of the following might aggravate the reflux?

a. Smoking
b. Obesity
c. Spicy food
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

49
Q

Which of the following is not a division of the stomach?

a. Rugae
b. Body
c. Pylorus
d. Fundus

A

a. Rugae

50
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

a. Secretes gastric juices
b. Secretes intrinsic factor
c. Produced the hormone gastric
d. Begins deglutition

A

d. Begins deglutition

A&P Semester 2 (2 decks)

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