Study Guide 39 & 40

Question 1

The correct order of small intestine divisions, starting proximal to the stomach, is:

a. ileum, duodenum, jejunum.
b. duodenum, ileum, jejunum.
c. duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
d. ileum, jejunum, duodenum.

Answer 1

c. duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Question 2

Beginning with the largest structures, which of the following is a correct description of the small intestine’s adaptation for absorption?

a. villi, microvilli, plicae
b. plicae, villi, microvilli
c. microvilli, villi, plicae
d. microvilli, plicae, villi

Answer 2

b. plicae, villi, microvilli

Question 3

The terminal inch of the rectum is called the:

a. anal canal
b. fistula
c. anus
d. sigmoid

Answer 3

a. anal canal

Question 4

The lesser omentum attaches the:

a. transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall.
b. liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.
c. ileum and jejunum to the posterior abdominal wall.
d. greater omentum to the posterior abdominal wall.

Answer 4

b. liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.

Question 5

The anatomic units of the liver are called:

a. lobes.
b. lobules.
c. sinusoids.
d. none of the above.

Answer 5

b. lobules.

Question 6

Blood flows to hepatic lobules via branches of the:

a. hepatic artery.
b. hepatic portal vein.
c. hepatic vein.
d. both a and b.

Answer 6

d. both a and b.

Question 7

A merger of the hepatic duct and cystic duct form the:

a. common hepatic duct.
b. common bile duct.
c. right hepatic duct.
d. left hepatic duct.

Answer 7

b. common bile duct.

Question 8

Bile salts aid in the absorption of:

a. fat.
b. carbohydrates.
c. proteins.
d. waste products.

Answer 8

a. fat.

Question 9

Within the sinusoids of the liver are many cells that remove bacteria, worn red blood cells, and other products from the bloodstream. These cells are known as:

a. alpha cells.
b. hepatic leukocells.
c. stellate macrophages.
d. haustra.

Answer 9

c. stellate macrophages.

Question 10

Which one is not part of the small intestine?

a. jejunum
b. ileum
c. cecum
d. duodenum

Answer 10

c. cecum

Question 11

The union of the cystic duct and the __________ forms the common bile duct.

a. hepatic duct
b. major duodenal papilla
c. minor duodenal papilla
d. pancreatic duct

Answer 11

a. hepatic duct

Question 12

Each villus in the intestine contains a lymphatic vessel or _____ that serves to absorb lipid or fat materials from the chyme.

a. plica
b. lacteal
c. villa
d. microvilli

Answer 12

b. lacteal

Question 13

Cholelithiasis is the term used to describe:

a. biliary colic.
b. jaundice.
c. portal hypertension.
d. gallstones.

Answer 13

d. gallstones.

Question 14

The largest gland in the body is the:

a. pituitary
b. thyroid
c. liver
d. thymus

Answer 14

c. liver

Question 15

Which of the following describes the pharyngeal stage of deglutition?

a. mouth to oropharynx
b. oropharynx to esophagus c. esophagus to stomach
d. none of the above

Answer 15

b. oropharynx to esophagus

Question 16

Which step of deglutition is under voluntary control?

a. oral
b. pharyngeal
c. esophageal
d. all of the above

Answer 16

a. oral

Question 17

The final product of carbohydrate digestion is a:

a. disaccharide.
b. monosaccharide.
c. polysaccharide.
d. fatty acid.

Answer 17

b. monosaccharide.

Question 18

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins are:

a. proteases.
b. amylases.
c. lactases.
d. lipases.

Answer 18

a. proteases.

Question 19

A micelle is:

a. a disaccharide attached to the brush border of the small intestine.
b. a tiny sphere of lipid and water.
c. a thick, milky material comprised of food and digestive enzymes.
d. synonymous with bolus.

Answer 19

b. a tiny sphere of lipid and water.

Question 20

Which of the following is not true concerning the gastric emptying of water?

a. Large volumes of water leave the stomach more rapidly than small volumes.
b. Warm fluids empty more quickly than cool fluids.
c. High-solute concentration fluids empty more slowly than dilute concentrations.
d. All of the above are true.

Answer 20

b. Warm fluids empty more quickly than cool fluids.

Question 21

The process of fat emulsification consists of:

a. chemically breaking down fat molecules.
b. absorption of fats.
c. breaking down fats into small droplets.
d. the secretion of digestive juices for fat digestion.

Answer 21

c. breaking down fats into small droplets.

Question 22

The principal enzyme of saliva is:

a. protease.
b. amylase.
c. lipase.
d. salivase.

Answer 22

b. amylase.

Question 23

Which of the following is true?

a. Saliva contains large amounts of lipase.
b. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by hydrochloric acid.
c. Chief cells secrete pepsin. d. Zymogenic cells produce intrinsic factor.

Answer 23

b. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by hydrochloric acid.

Question 24

Which of the following is present in bile?

a. lecithin
b. gastrin
c. bile salts
d. both a and c

Answer 24

d. both a and c

Question 25

The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is: a. enterogastrone. b. insulin. c. gastrin. d. cholecystokinin.

Answer 25

d. cholecystokinin.

Question 26

Fats are absorbed primarily into which of the following structures? a. blood in intestinal capillaries b. lymph in intestinal lacteals c. villi in large intestine d. none of the above

Answer 26

b. lymph in intestinal lacteals

Question 27

Movement of lower colon and rectum contents at a rate slower than normal can cause: a. defecation. b. constipation. c. diarrhea. d. both b and c.

Answer 27

b. constipation.

Question 28

Which blood vessel carries absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver? a. hepatic artery b. hepatic vein c. portal vein d. inferior vena cava

Answer 28

c. portal vein

Question 29

During the process of digestion, stored bile is poured into the duodenum by which of the following? a. gallbladder b. liver c. pancreas d. spleen

Answer 29

a. gallbladder

Question 30

The portion of the alimentary canal that mixes food with gastric juice and breaks it down into a mixture called chyme is the: a. gallbladder. b. small intestine. c. stomach. d. large intestine.

Answer 30

c. stomach.

Question 31

Polysaccharides are hydrolyzed to disaccharides by enzymes known as: a. amylases. b. peptides. c. micelles. d. colipases.

Answer 31

a. amylases.

Question 32

Which of the following is not a stage of deglutition? a. oral b. pharyngeal c. esophageal d. gastric

Answer 32

d. gastric

Question 33

Protein digestion begins in the: a. esophagus. b. small intestine. c. stomach. d. large intestine.

Answer 33

c. stomach.

Question 34

The enzyme pepsin is concerned primarily with the digestion of which of the following? a. sugars b. starches c. proteins d. fats

Answer 34

c. proteins

Question 35

The enzyme amylase converts which of the following? a. starches to sugars b. sugars to starches c. proteins to amino acids d. fatty acids and glycerols to fats

Answer 35

a. starches to sugars

Question 36

Which of the following substances does not contain any enzymes? a. saliva b. bile c. gastric juice d. intestinal juice

Answer 36

b. bile

Question 37

Which of the following is a simple sugar? a. maltose b. sucrose c. lactose d. glucose

Answer 37

d. glucose

Question 38

Fats are broken down into: a. amino acids. b. simple sugars. c. fatty acids. d. disaccharides.

Answer 38

c. fatty acids.

Question 39

Which hormone decreases peristalsis and slows the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum? a. CCK b. GIP c. secretin d. gastrin

Answer 39

b. GIP

Question 40

The union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct form the: a. common bile duct. b. major duodenal papilla. c. minor duodenal papilla. d. pancreatic duct.

Answer 40

a. common bile duct.

Question 41

The process of swallowing is known as: a. mastication. b. segmentation. c. peristalsis. d. deglutition.

Answer 41

d. deglutition.

Question 42

Peristalsis begins in the: a. mouth. b. pharynx. c. esophagus. d. stomach.

Answer 42

c. esophagus.