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Tina's Clin Chem > Test #6 > Flashcards

Test #6 Flashcards

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1
Q

There are 5 Dz/Conditions where everything will DECREASE, what are they?

A
  • Liver Failure
  • Diuresis
  • Anorexia
  • Grass Tetany
  • Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
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2
Q

There are 7 Dz/Conditions where everything will INCREASE, what are they?

A
  • Hemolysis
  • HBO
  • Dehydration
  • Pancreatitis
  • LSA (Paraneoplastic Syndrome)
  • Seizure
  • Blocked Tom (Post-Renal Azotemia)
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3
Q

In Liver Dz and the use of Steroids everything will INCREASE, except what 3 things?

A

DECREASED:

  • ALB
  • GLOB
  • BUN
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4
Q

In Renal Failure (Primary Azotemia) we will always see a FIXED USG and what else?

A

INCREASED- BUN and CREAT

DECREASED- Na, K, and Cl

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5
Q

When vomiting we will see a DECREASE in everything, except what one thing?

A

INCREASED- HCO-3 (Intestinal Content)

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6
Q

When having Diarrhea we will see a DECREASE in everything, except what one thing?

A

INCREASED- Cl (Stomach Content)

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7
Q

What do we see with a Parathyroidectomy?

A

INCREASED- Phos.

DECREASED- Ca

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8
Q

In Addison’s Dz everything is DECREASE, except what one thing?

A

INCREASED- K

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9
Q

Name the 4 enzymes commonly seen together, if one changes they all change.

A
  • ALT
  • AST
  • ALP
  • GGT
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10
Q

What 2 enzymes make up BILE?

A
  • D. Bili

- CHOL

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11
Q

What 2 electrolytes make up the CELL MEMBRANE?

A
  • Phos.

- K

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12
Q

3 reasons for INCREASED enzyme levels in the blood?

A
  1. Leak out of damaged or dying cells
  2. Increased production (young animals/neoplasia)
  3. Blockage of excretory route (HBO/Blocked Tom)
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13
Q

What is the old name for the enzyme ALT?

A

SGPT

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14
Q

What is the old name for the enzyme AST?

A

SGOT

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15
Q

What is the liver specific enzyme in Dogs and Cats?

A

ALT

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16
Q

What is the liver specific enzyme in Lg Animals?

A

GGT

17
Q

What 2 enzymes does TP include?

A

ALB and GLOB

18
Q

A:G ratio

A

ALB / GOLB = A:G ratio

- will either be increased or decreased

19
Q

Lipase and Amylase are always run together, but which one can r/o Pancreatitis by it’s self?

A

Normal Lipase

Pancreatitis will always have ^ Lipase and Amylase

20
Q

Creatine Kinase (CK) is produced by what and it’s old name was?

A
  • Striated Muscle (Skeletal and Cardiac)

- CPK

21
Q

Enzyme activity is measured in what units and what 2 things can interfere with results?

A
  • IU

- Hemolysis and Lipemia

22
Q

Liver Functions

A
  • Protein Synthesis (ALB and Clotting factors)
  • Metabolism of Carbs, Proteins, Lipids, and other drugs
  • CHOL and Bile Synthesis
  • Detoxification of blood (ammonia to urea)
23
Q

Conjugated Bilirubin + Unconjugated Bilirubin = ???

A

T Bili

24
Q

Unconjugated Bilirubin = ???

A

I Bili

25
Q

Conjugated Bilirubin = ???

A

D Bili

26
Q

Kidney Functions

A
  • Regulate water balance (ADH), electrolytes (aldostarone), blood pH
  • Excrete non-protein nitrogenous wastes (BUN and CREAT)
  • Synthesize Renin (regulates BP) and EPO
  • Conserves Glucose and Protein
27
Q

Pancreas Functions

A 
EXOCRINE Functions:
-Digestive enzymes (Amylase, Tripson, and Lipase)
ENDOCRINE Functions:
-Hormones
-Insulin (decreased blood glucose)
-Glycogon (increased blood glucose)
28
Q

Reasons for INCREASED CK

A 
CK will leak out of cells when the muscle is damaged:
-IM inj.
-Sx
-Lacerations
-Brusing    
etc . . .
29
Q

Finish this statement in regards to Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) - The Adrenals release . . .

A

Aldostarone > that acts on the Renal Tubulars = “Keep Na” and “Ditch K”

30
Q

Potassium (K) plays a role in muscle function, what can happen when K INCREASES?

A

INCREASED K > Bradycardia = Cardiac Arrest

31
Q

An Addison’s pt will “Ditch ___” and “Keep ___”?

A

Ditch Na

Keep K

32
Q

Chloride (Cl) is closely associated with what other electrolyte?

A

Na

if Na increases/decreased, Cl will do the same

33
Q

Cl is a component of what 4 bodily secretions?

A
  • Tears
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • HCI
34
Q

% of Magnesium (mg) in Bone and Blood, which % is metabolically active?

A
  • 50% in Bone

- 50% in Blood (MBA)

35
Q

Mg Functions

A
  • Plays a roll in the breakdown of Acetycholine = muscle contractions
  • Enzyme function
36
Q

Finish this statement in regards to Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (Phos.) - The Parathyroid gland releases . . .

A

PTH > that acts on the Renal Tubulars = “Keep Ca” and “Ditch Phos.”
**if no PTH is being produced (parathyroidectomy) = “Keep Phos.” and “Ditch Ca”

37
Q

% of Ca in Bone and Blood, which is metabolically active?

A
  • 99% in Bone

- 1% in Blood (MBA)

38
Q

Ca Functions

A
  • Blood coagulation
  • Enzyme function
  • Maintains Neuromuscular excitability and tone
39
Q

Phos. Functions

A
  • Carbohydrate metabolism
  • Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA)
  • Phospholipids (Cell Membrane)
  • Plays a roll in energy storage, release, and transfer

Tina's Clin Chem (3 decks)

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