Test Flashcards
If you cut off the common hepatic artery, collateral circulation to the hepatic artery distal to that is available by what artery?
Splenic artery:
Left gastroomental > right gastroomental > gastroduodenal>proper hepatic artery
What are the boundaries of the lesser sac
Anterior - stomach, gastrocolic ligament
Inferior - transverse colon, transverse mesocolon
Superior - caudate lobe of liver
Posterior - pancreas, IVC, Aorta, Celiac Trunk, Splenic Artery and Vein, Left Kidney, Left Suprarenal gland
RIght - liver and duodenal bulb
Left- gastrosplenic ligament, spleen and splenorenal ligament.
What are the boundaries of the omental foramen?
anterior - portal vein, proper heaptic artery and common bile duct
Posterior - inferior vena cava and right crus of the diaphragm
Superior - caudate lobe of liver
Inferior - first part of duodenum
What is in the supracolic compartment?
What is in the infracolic compartment?
Supracolic = stomach liver and spleen Infracolic = small intestine, ascending colon, descending colon
Boundary is the transverse colon and mesocolon.
What do the vestigial remnants of the genital system and males become?
Male: cranial to the region of the mesonephric duct which becomes the epididymis and ductus deferens may become the appendix of the epididymis
Paramesonephric duct: caudal ends induce an enlargement of the urogenital sinus which becomes the seminal colliculus (elevation on the wall of the prostatic urethra). Within this elevation is a recess called the prostatic utricle, homologue of the vagina.
Females: eppophoron, paroophoron, Gartner’s duct + cysts
Where are renal calculus usually lodged?
Kidney stones are usually found in the in the ureter just past the renal pelvis.
A patient has an inflamed Meckel diverticulum. The inflammation is confined to the diverticulum itself. Which physical findings is most consistent with this?
Visceral umbilical pain.
Which organ has its primary lymphatic drainage to lateral aortic lymph nodes and which do not
Testes drains into lateral aortic lymph nodes.
Vaginal portion of cervix, scrotum, transitional zone of prostate, anal canal below pectinate line.
Testes becomes its supplied by the testicular artery and that empties into the aorta.
What would occur in these urethral dysfunctions
- men, loss of sympathetic innervation of the internal urethral sphincter
- Over-stimulation of pelvic splanchnic nerves > bladder
- Hypermobility of the urethra due to loss of fascial support
- Loss of sympathetic innervation of smooth muscle surrounding prostatic urethra
- dry (retrograde) ejaculation because it goes in both directions
- Voiding bladder excessively
- Stress Urinary Incontinence
- Voiding bladder excessively
Referred pain from the right ovary would be felt in…
Right T10 dermatome because the pain travels through ovarian plexus to thoracic splanchnic nerves.
Which muscles attach to the perineal body?
puborectalis, superfiical/deep transverse perineal, external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus
Not - ischiocavernosus
Where would these be felt?
Cervical pain?
Uterine body and fundus pain?
Ovarian pain?
describe their pathways
Cervical - S2 (afferents travel from the cervix > inferior hypogastric plexus>pelvic splanchnics)
Uterine body and fundus pain - T11-L1 (afferents travel from uterus > inferior hypogastric plexus > hypogastric nerve > superior hypogastric plexus>inferior mesenteric plexus> lumbar splanchnics)
Ovarian pain - T10/T11 - afferents go from ovaries>ovarian plexus > superior mesenteric plexus >thoracic splanchnics
Where are the cell bodies for supplying an erection?
The intermediate gray matter of spinal cord segments S2 - S4
Which structures enter the pelvis by crossing the pelvic brim?
lumbosacral trunk, ureters, internal iliac arteries, hypogastric nerves.
But NOT testicular artery, which doesn’t even enter the pelvis.
4 things about the pelvic diaphragm
- Comprised in part by pubococcygeus muscles
- Will contract in response to intraabdominal pressure
- Comprised of skeletal muscle innervated by ventral rami of the S4 spinal nerves
- It has an anterior gap called the urogenital hiatus through which the urethra and vagina pass.
How would a failure of the epithelial plug in the pylorus to vacuolize present?
It would present as vomiting but lacking bile as bile reaches the food in the second part of the duodenum.
What are the origins of the visceral peritoneum of the liver and spleen.
What are the origins of the parietal peritoneum of the ascending, descending colon, and body of the pancreas.
Visceral peritoneum of the liver = embryonic ventral mesentary
Parietal peritoneum of the left colic artery = embryonic visceral peritoneum (mesentary)
Pariteal peritoneum of body of pancreas = embryonic dorsal mesentary
Visceral peritoneum covering spleen = dorsal mesentary
Ascending colon = embryonic visceral peritoneum.
What adult structures are derived from embryonic endoderm cells?
Hepatic cells of liver Epithelial lining of gallbladder Epithelial lining of urinary bladder Exocrine glandular cells of pancreas Epithelial lining of the common bile duct
NOT smooth muscle of common bile duct
NOT visceral peritoneum of the liver