Test 5 PSYCH

Question 1

Health Psychology

Answer 1

A subfield of psychology that emphasizes psychology’s role in establishing and maintaining health and preventing and treating illness.

Question 2

Behavioral Medicine

Answer 2

An interdisciplinary filed that focuses on developing and integrating behavioral and biomedical knowledge to promote health and reduce illness; overlaps with health psychology.

Question 3

Theory of Reasoned Action

Answer 3

States that effective change requires a person to have specific intentions about their behaviors, as well as positive attitudes about a new behavior, and to perceive that their social group looks favorably on the new behavior as well. (quitting smoking)

Question 4

Theory of Planned Behavior

Answer 4

Theoretical model that includes the basic ideas of the theory of reasoned action but adds the person’s perceptions of control over the outcome.

Question 5

Stages of Change Model

Answer 5

Theoretical model describing a five-step process by which people give up bad habits and adopt healthier lifestyles.
1) Pre-contemplation 2) Contemplation 3) Preparation/Determination 4) Action/Willpower 5) Maintenance

Question 6

Q: How does religious faith affect your health?

Answer 6

A: promotes a healthy lifestyle, gives social support, gives a sense of life meaning, and is a buffer against the effects of stress.

Question 7

Stressors

Answer 7

The circumstances and events that threaten the person and tax his/her coping abilities.

Question 8

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 8

The term that Hans Selye gave for the common effects of stressful demands on the body, consisting of 3 stages: Alarm (body releases hormones which are adverse to the immune system, causing illness), Resistance (tense up…body will fight infection more efficiently), then Exhaustion (from repeated stressors, vulnerability to disease increases, heart attacks and death may occur)

Question 9

Cortisol

Answer 9

Stress hormone. Directs cells to make sugar, fat, and protein available so the body can take quick action against stress. Also suppreses the immune system.

Question 10

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 10

A field of scientific inquiry that explores connections among psychological factors (such as attitudes and emotions), the nervous system, and the immune system.

Question 11

Problem-Focused Coping

Answer 11

The coping strategy of squarely facing one’s troubles and trying to solve them.

Question 12

Emotion-Focused Coping

Answer 12

The coping strategy that involves responding to the stress that one is feeling - trying to manage one’s emotional reaction - rather than focusing on the problem itself.

Question 13

Hardiness

Answer 13

A personal quality characterized by a sense of commitment rather than alienation, and of control rather than powerlessness; a person sees problems as challenges rather than threats.

Question 14

Abnormal Behavior

Answer 14

Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time. NOT acceptable in culture.

Question 15

Medical Model

Answer 15

The view that psychological disorders are medical diseases with a biological origin.

Question 16

The BIOLOGICAL Approach

Answer 16

Attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes. Focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.

Question 17

The PSYCHOLOGICAL Approach

Answer 17

Attributes psych disorders to the attributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics. May focus on childhood experiences or personality traits in the development of disorders.

Question 18

The SOCIOCULTURAL Approach

Answer 18

Emphasizes the social contexts in which a person lives, including gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, family relationships, and culture. The frequency and intensity of disorders vary and depend on social, economic, technological, and religious aspects of culture.

Question 19

The BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL Model

Answer 19

From this approach, none of the factors (Bio, Psycho, and socialcultural) are viewed as being more important than the other. Rather they all interact to produce normal and abnormal behavior.

Question 20

DSM-IV-TR

Answer 20

Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that classifies mental disorders based on five dimensions known as axes that take in a person’s history and highest level of functioning in the previous year. “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” First introduced in 1952 with 112 disorders. Now has 374.

Question 21

Axis I of DSM-IV-TR

Answer 21

All diagnostic categories except personality disorders and mental retardation. (anxiety, dissociative, mood, schizo, sexual and gender identity)

Question 22

Axis II of DSM-IV-TR

Answer 22

Personality disorders and mental retardation. (intellectual disability, personality disorders -ASPD & BPD, other conditions such as abuse, religious and spiritual problems, relational problems)

Question 23

Thomas Szasz

Answer 23

Argued that psychological disorders are not illnesses and are better labeled “problems of living” in his book “The Myth of Mental Illness”.

Question 24

ADHD

Answer 24

Individuals show one or more of the following symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Question 25

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 25

Persistant anxiety for at least 6 months and in which the person is unable to specify the reasons for it.

Question 26

Panic Disorder

Answer 26

A person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror, often without warning and with no specific cause. May feel that they are having a heart attack or they are dying.

Question 27

Phobic Disorder

Answer 27

Anxiety disorder characterized by an irrational, overwhelming, persistant fear of a particular object or situation. A fear becomes this when a situation is so dreaded that a person goes to any length to avoid it. Begin in childhood. These are learned fears.

Question 28

Obsessive Compulsive Anxiety Disorder (OCD)

Answer 28

Anxiety disorder in which the person has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation.

Question 29

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

Answer 29

A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.

Question 30

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 30

Anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that has overwhelmed the person’s abilities to cope.

Question 31

Depressive Disorders

Answer 31

Mood disorders in which the person suffers from depression: an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

Question 32

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Answer 32

Involves a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least 2 weeks. Impairs daily functioning. Leading cause of disability in the U.S. (page 560 in book)

Question 33

Dysthymic Disorder (DD)

Answer 33

Mood disorder that is genrally more chronic and has fewer symptoms than MDD; the person is in a depressed mood for most days for at least 2 years as an adult or at least one year as a child or adolescent. To be classified as having this, the person must not have experienced a major depressive episode, and the 2-year period of depression must not have been broken by a normal mood lasting more than 2 months.

Question 34

Bipolar I

Answer 34

Individuals who have extreme manic episodes during which they may hallucinate.

Question 35

Bipolar II

Answer 35

The person does not experience full blown mania but rather a less extreme level of euphoria.

Question 36

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Answer 36

Formerly called multiple personality disorder, this is a dissociative disorder in which the person has 2 or more distinct personalities, each with its own memories, behaviors, and relationships. Most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder. Extreme sexual abuse can lead to this.

Question 37

Dissociative Fugue

Answer 37

Dissociative disorder in which the person not only develops amnesia but also unexpectedly travels away from home and sometimes assumes a new identity.

Question 38

Anti-social Personality Disorder (ASPD)

Answer 38

Disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit. Must be diagnosed with Conduct Disorder before the age of 18 in order to be diagnosed with this; people with this are psychopaths;

Question 39

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Answer 39

Disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts; related to self-harming behaviors such as cutting; women make up 75% of people with this disorder; prone to wild mood swings and very sensitive as to how people treat them;